Who knows Kangxi?

Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, named Michelle Ye, succeeded to the throne at the age of 8, ruled at the age of 14, and ascended the throne at the age of 6 1, aged 69. He is the longest reigning monarch in China's history. He is the third son of the emperor shunzhi, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi studied tirelessly from an early age and was determined. He was a child when he put on the dragon robe. Although his ancestors rode horses from outside Shanhaiguan Pass to inside Shanhaiguan Pass and established the Qing Dynasty, they did not actually unify the whole country.

Anti-Qing forces and separatist activities come from all directions. The young emperor ruled at the age of 14, and at the age of 16, he got rid of Ao Bai, the assistant minister who formed a clique to bully the young master for personal gain. Weakened the power of the Eight Banners and faced San Francisco headed by Wu Sangui at the age of 20. After eight years of fighting, he calmed the war and maintained unity. Kangxi was an outstanding politician and strategist. He is cool-headed and has civil and military skills. He is self-taught and diligent and cautious about political affairs. It can better handle ethnic relations, thus creating a prosperous era of health and Gansu, promoting the social and economic development in the early Qing Dynasty, and laying the map of China's multi-ethnic unified country.

Kangxi is a great monarch and politician in China's 2,000-year history since Qin Shihuang. Why did Kangxi achieve such great historical achievements? As emperor, Kangxi reigned for 6 1 year. What is his magic weapon to be a monarch? What is the key that we want to solve the mystery of the history of Kangxi Dynasty?

Among many emperors in ancient China, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was the only one who seriously studied western scientific knowledge. Through his study, he absorbed a lot of European knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, geography, physics and chemistry, and presided over many large-scale scientific activities. These true stories were not only recorded in the canon, but also left hundreds of instruments for his study and scientific activities in the Forbidden City where he lived.

Diligence is an important magic weapon for Kangxi to be a monarch. He is not only proficient in the traditional culture of the Han nationality, but also seriously studies western science and technology, and is worthy of learning from the emperor. In order to continue the 10 thousand years of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi took great pains to educate the prince and grandson. He personally selected teachers for princes, let princes and grandchildren receive school education, and regularly check their homework, which are clearly recorded in the Qing history books.

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Kangxi attached great importance to kindness to his subjects. For example, he is duty-free. For example, he stipulated that "prosperous times breed people and never add people". Later, Yongzheng also stipulated that "stalls should be buried underground." In other words, the poll tax in China for thousands of years has been abolished by this time. Kangxi's kindness to his subjects is manifested in many aspects, one of which is to punish corrupt officials and commend honest officials.

Kangxi set an example through honest officials and let them show benevolence and love, because they were in direct contact with their subjects. Let me give you an example. An upright official praised by Kangxi was Yu Chenglong. There were two Yu Chenglong with the same name and surname in Qing Dynasty. This Yu Chenglong is from Yu Chenglong, Shaanxi Province, and Yu Chenglong, who is in charge of the river in the last episode, is Yu Chenglong in Zhili. Yu Chenglong was assigned to be the magistrate of a county in Luocheng, Guangxi, after he became a Jinshi. After the war in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the people in Luocheng County of Guangxi were poor and desolate. To what extent? It's the yamen in the county, only three straw houses. How many families are there in this county? There are only six families. When Yu Chenglong was a magistrate of a county, he and the common people, according to records, said "as a family, as close as a father and son".

He encouraged people to cultivate land, recruit refugees, and those who fled the countryside to return to their hometowns to live and work in peace and contentment. After seven years of hard work, the situation in this county has been greatly improved. Because Yu Chenglong has made very important achievements, he is recommended by some people. When he was recommended to the court, he was promoted to magistrate. When Yu Chenglong left office, the people in the county stopped the horse crying and wouldn't let him go. He said that the court appointed me to go, but I still want to go. He took a step forward, and the man kneeling on the side of the road cried. It can be said that a county official is really honest and clean.

At this time, a blind man didn't go, just followed Yu Chenglong. Yu Chenglong said, why don't you go? Follow me on a trip. The blind man said that when you left Luocheng County to take office, you had no money. What should I do if I have no money to eat halfway? He said, I am blind and can't help you, but I can tell fortune. When you have no food, I will tell people fortune, so that we can solve the problem of food money. Yu Chenglong was very moved and said, then you can follow me.

Sure enough, on the way, Yu Chenglong didn't eat. The blind man gave fortune-telling to others and got the fortune-telling money, which solved the problem of eating on the way.

Yu Chenglong made great achievements in making year numbers and was awarded by Kangxi. He was promoted to be an ambassador, but he was still not greedy for a penny. Later, the official was the governor of Liangjiang, that is, the governor of Jiangnan and Jiangxi, and the official was the highest. At that time, there was a nickname called Yu. What do you mean? It was Yu Chenglong who became such a big official, wearing plain clothes and eating vegetarian food. After many years, he didn't know what meat was, but he ate green vegetables. Not two days a day, nor two meals a day. He eats coarse rice and vegetables all the year round, so the locals call him "Yu". Visiting the poor and asking questions, punishing corrupt officials, and exhausting official positions.

After Yu Chenglong's death, citizens went on strike and gathered in the street to cry in memory of Yu Chenglong. At the time of the funeral, the generals, governors, prefects and various officials all went to live in Yu Chenglong, leaving nothing at home. All the officials present were moved to tears. Kangxi praised Yu Chenglong as the first upright official today. Yu Chenglong's spirit of loving the people is the embodiment of Kangxi's spirit of loving the people, and Kangxi's praise of Jackie Chan is to publicize that he should be kind to his subjects.

There is an honest official named pengpeng. Kangxi appreciated him and made him the magistrate of Shuntianfu, equivalent to the mayor of Beijing. At this time, he found a problem, that is, when Shuntianfu took the rural examination, there was cheating. Who cheated? What if the examiner and the assistant examiner collude with the strongman to cheat? That's what he wrote. But the examiner, the deputy examiner and the person who presided over the exam have a very close relationship network. The court meeting held that there was no cheating in this matter, and pengpeng falsely accused him.

Pengpeng wrote: If I talk nonsense, please chop my head off, chop my head in half, half of it will be hung abroad, and the other half will be hung in Shuntianfu official school. At the court meeting, it was discussed again that it was disrespectful and disrespectful, and that it was pengpeng. He wants to dismiss him. Dismiss him. How did Kangxi decide at this time? Kangxi said, let the examiner, deputy examiner and related people retire home, pengpeng's official photo. Why did Kangxi make such a decision?

Is it because Kangxi learned about the situation through his private visit that he tried to protect pengpeng? There is a private visit by Kangxi in the TV series. According to the historical materials I have read about Kangxi, Kangxi's memoirs, and Kangxi's private notes, Kangxi has never visited incognito. He can't travel incognito, because the Sheng family's driving will inevitably disturb the place, incognito is impossible, and he has no need to travel incognito.

Kangxi had many channels to understand people's feelings and political achievements. One of them is the memorial system, also known as the secret folding system. Kangxi distributed many people all over the country. They could secretly write the memorial, put it in a secret folding box and send it directly to Kangxi without any intermediate channels. Therefore, it can be said that Kangxi is very clear that this official is greedy, mean, diligent and lazy.

I just talked about this situation, and Kangxi was clear about pengpeng, the magistrate of Shuntianfu. The examiner cheated with them. Kangxi has mastered the situation through the secret folding system and other systems. So, Kangxi pushed people, made a decisive decision, got rid of those who took bribes and perverted the law, praised the official promotion and praised the official pengpeng. Honest officials are a mirror of Kangxi, which reflects his concern for his subjects. Therefore, we commend him, publicize his caring concept and realize his political ambition through their honest officials at all levels, from the officials at all levels of the governor, the governor, the magistrate and the magistrate.

Kangxi once went out to inspect, and on the way to inspect, a person was lying on the side of the road. Under normal circumstances, he blocked the holy driving, so we should deal with it severely. Kangxi said no and asked what was going on. Wake up the man lying on the side of the road, his bodyguard. What's your name? He said my name was Wang. What's the matter with you? He said I was a domestic worker, and we talked about work today. On the way home, I fainted because of hunger and hunger and lay on the side of the road. Kangxi said not to scare him. You feed him hot porridge at once to save him.

So he heated the porridge and fed it to the king. He woke up after drinking the hot porridge. Kangxi understood the situation, this person is really difficult, and the family is also very difficult. Kangxi said that he should be given money to go back to his hometown, so he sent the king away. It can be seen from this little incident that Kangxi, as the emperor and the master of the world, really has a kind spirit.

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Kangxi attached great importance to western learning. He has a tradition that when his father was in Shunzhi, he began to absorb western learning. He attached great importance to his relationship with Tang Ruowang, a Jesuit. The person who participated in the chronicle was named, Qin's supervisor was. There is also a person named Yang Guangxian, who is very special in Yang Guangxian. When he was in Chongzhen at the end of the Ming Dynasty, he went to Beijing, carried the coffin to Que, and impeached a university student at that time. He was called a "strange man".

Of course, he was punished and sent to western Liaoning. Soon the Ming Dynasty perished, and he returned to Jiangnan, which was his home. When he arrived in Shunzhi, he came to Beijing again. He said that he knew astronomical calendars, so he went to Qin, where he wrote a letter saying that your Li Shixian had only been compiled for twenty years, and the Qing Dynasty was hundreds of millions of years old. Didn't these two hundred years curse the short tussah of the Qing Dynasty? It is short-lived! This is infinite. When the court accepts it, it is necessary to discuss "Li Shixian". At the court meeting, university students and ministers discussed whether Tang Ruowang was right or Yang Guangxian was right.

Can't decide. In front of the noon gate, these ministers got together for a test. The ministers didn't understand the result of the exam, and neither did Kangxi. Later, they went to the ancient observatory, which is now outside Jianguomen, and continued to observe there. These ministers still don't understand, but they made a decision, that is, they put Tang Ruowang in prison. Tang Ruowang was old and sick, wearing eight chains and shivering with a telescope. He had no strength to argue. This matter is settled. At that time, Kangxi did not lead the government, and Ao Bai, the minister of Fuzheng, presided over the matter.

Later, an earthquake happened in Beijing. Another Jesuit named Ferdinand Verbist said that the earthquake was caused by murder. He wants to retry the case, and after retrial, he will rehabilitate Tang Ruowang. At this time, Tang Ruowang was already dead. Kangxi let Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest be the imperial supervisor, and Yang Guangxian was dealt with. Some ministers said they would behead him, but Kangxi said no and sent him back to his hometown. Later, Yang Guangxian died on his way home.

Kangxi appointed ferdinand verbiest as the prison supervisor of Qin Tian and assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, which was the beginning of westerners becoming an official in China court. Since then, Kangxi has attached importance to natural science. Just then, a group of French missionaries Bai Jin and Mr. Zhang came to the palace to see Kangxi, bringing thirty books and scientific instruments. Kangxi left Bai Jin and Mr. Zhang in the palace to serve, and put his favorite musical instruments in his own court.

Kangxi studied mathematics, astronomy, law of academic qualifications, and Euclid's plane geometry in mathematics with them. Jesuits learned Manchu and Manchu, and taught Kangxi geometry in Manchu. They also brought some scientific instruments. Kangxi did problems and did math problems.

Not long ago, an exhibition of Emperor Kangxi was held at the Palace of Versailles in Paris, France, in which some musical instruments of the Kangxi period were displayed. After such a long time, it is still flexible and glorious. One of them is a hand-cranked computer, which can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root operations. Now there are ten hand-cranked computers in the Forbidden City in Beijing, which are very interesting.

It also exhibited a scale plated with copper and gold, which can be used to calculate the power and square root. Geometric models, plane geometry, solid geometry, cones, polyhedrons, and dozens of pieces made entirely of nanmu are also exhibited, which are very fine. This is the teaching mode that Kangxi used when he studied geometry. There are some other instruments.

Kangxi not only studied, but also practiced. When he visited Yongding River, he took several governors and asked them to pile piles themselves and measure them with instruments. When Kangxi personally went to galdan, he left the Crown Prince, Zisi and others in Beijing. There happened to be a solar eclipse, and the princes were observing it in Beijing. He was on the front line, and then he made an emergency report and exchanged observations.

Kangxi did not reject the west and western science and technology, but accepted it, expressing his broad mind and desire as an emperor. Nevertheless, Kangxi was only a personal court behavior, and did not form a policy to absorb western science and technology, nor did it form a system. After Kangxi died, people died, and his descendants, that is, emperors, were not interested in western science and technology. They only like to appreciate and play with the clock and the Dashuifa, but they don't use it to revitalize and develop China's science and technology. This is a fly in the ointment.

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Kangxi's education for future generations is very special among emperors in China. Kang Xiyi * * * has 35 sons, 20 daughters and 97 grandchildren. It is a big family. So how did Kangxi educate future generations? Of course, Kangxi's education for his children and grandchildren was ambitious. He taught them in many ways, set an example, and asked his descendants to hunt with him, patrol with him, and even take them with him when fighting, that is, to train and educate them in practice. However, there is a very important method, which is school education.

The place where the prince and grandson study is called the "study". At this time, Kangxi went to the study of Changchun Garden to prevent his children and grandchildren from being playful, having nowhere to escape, being idle, having fun and having fun. Books such as Kangxi's Great Works record the specific situation of the prince's grandson going to school. I want to give an example one day to see how the grandson of the prince reads.

On this day, it is from 3 am to 5 am in Yin Shi and 4 am in Yin Shi. The princes will go to Wuyi Zhai to review their lessons on the first day. It takes an hour, and it takes two hours. The crown prince is only 13 years old at this time, and he will go to Wuyi Zhai's study at three in the morning. Of course, he will get up earlier. This is Yin Shi.

Shi Mao, that is, from five to seven o'clock, the teacher comes to the classroom, the Manchu teacher Dahata and the Chinese teacher Tang Bin go to the study room. When they arrived, they bowed down to the crown prince first, then checked the princes' lessons and asked them to recite them. The lyrics are good. Then the Chinese teacher drew the following paragraph for him, and then recited the following paragraph.

The bottom is from 7 am to 9 am. At this point, four hours have passed since the students started class. Kangxi got off the court and came to Wuyi Zhai. The ministers greeted Kangxi at the outer steps of Zhai. When Kangxi came, he sat down and said that he wanted to endorse, so he asked his son to endorse. Kangxi took out a book and ordered a paragraph casually. After the prince recited it, it was really good. Kangxi said that I had to recite 65438 books when I was a child. After that, I have to recite 120 times, and I am completely proficient. Then I will switch to the next paragraph, so that I can learn the texts one by one. At this time, the minister said, 100 times is enough?

Kangxi said that he would recite 120 times, and then he asked how other masters recited it just now. Some teachers say that the prince is smart and has a good memory. Kangxi said, don't praise him, criticize them more and don't make them proud. After the inspection, Kangxi went to deal with his political affairs. The third hour, 9: 00 to 1 1, I remember that it was already several volts and very hot. When the prince is reading, he is not allowed to take a fan or shake it. At this time, he wrote, and every word had to be written 100 times before he could practice writing.

From eleven to one noon, it's time for lunch. The guards brought the meal, and the ministers invited the teacher to dinner. The teacher put the rice on his knee and then went to the seat to eat. The princes are eating on the other side. After dinner, they didn't rest and continued to do their homework. It's very late at the bottom, that is, from one to three. At this time, the ministers came to a courtyard outside Wuyi Zhai, where there were targets and archery. One is to rest, the other is to practice riding and shooting, and the other is to practice martial arts.

At the time of applying for the World Heritage, that is, from 15: 00 to 17: 00, Kangxi went to Wuyi Zhai to check his homework and asked his ministers to recite it. His princes lined up one after another. It's You Shi, 17:00- 19:00. This class is to practice archery outside Wuyi Zhai. Kangxi first let the philosophers shoot one by one, then let the masters shoot one by one, and finally Kangxi himself shot an arrow. According to historical records, this is called "Lian Zhong Lian", and he left school after finishing his homework.

From three o'clock in the morning to seven o'clock in the afternoon, please note that it is not a day, but every day, which is the so-called "endless cold and heat" and every day.

As can be seen from this example, Emperor Kangxi's education for future generations was very strict. Under his education, there are several types of Kangxi's sons. One is political. For example, Yongzheng became emperor and Qianlong became emperor. It should be said that Kangxi's education was successful. His son Yongzheng is an outstanding emperor, and so is his grandson Qianlong. Where is Jiaqing Daoguang? Kangxi can manage two generations, but not so much behind.

His prince and grandson can't both be emperors, only one can be emperor, and the other is a scholar. Yin Zhijun, the emperor's third son, was an outstanding scientist who presided over the compilation of 10,000 volumes of ancient and modern books. The third is art, writing and drawing. Some princes write well and draw well.

The fourth type is life style. His mother is in a low position among concubines, so he can't compete for the throne. But he lived in peace all his life, so there were no Wan Ku and no villains among the grandchildren of Emperor Kangxi. An example of Kangxi's success in educating his children is Yongzheng. After the death of Kangxi, Yongzheng succeeded to the throne. Next time, we will talk about Yongzheng.