Chen Guang's Personality Events

Zhucheng, the forerunner of property right reform of state-owned enterprises, is sold out.

199 1 year, when Chen Guang was transferred to the mayor of Zhucheng City, Shandong Province, he was under 35 years old. In the second year, according to the unified deployment of the central authorities, Zhucheng audited 150 municipal independent accounting enterprises. The result is "disastrous": among 150 enterprises, 103 suffered losses and 43 were insolvent. At that time, there were18,000 people in Zhucheng who ate financial meals, but the financial income was less than 80 million, so the salaries of cadres could not be paid on time. As a rule, Zhucheng needs 5 million fiscal reserves every year, but there is not a penny left. Half-dead state-owned enterprises, unable to make ends meet, made the then mayor Chen Guangru on pins and needles. "I got paid this month and will arrange expenses next month. Who will pay the money? The enterprise gave it to us. Enterprises can't survive, what do they have to pay? Fiscal revenue and expenditure can't be balanced, and cadres and workers can't get wages. How can you be mayor? So you must find a way! " Chen Guang admitted that Zhucheng's reform was forced by enterprise and financial difficulties.

1April, 992, shortly after Deng Xiaoping's talk in the south, Chen Guang, the mayor of Zhucheng, initiated the reform of state-owned enterprises, which was widely spread as "selling oneself". From 1992, Chen Guang proposed the reform, and all 282 state-owned and collective enterprises in Zhucheng were restructured, of which more than 90% were changed to joint-stock cooperative system, that is, the net assets of enterprises were sold to internal employees. /kloc-within 0/5 months, it was basically "sold" to internal employees. At that time, Zhucheng was sensational, Shandong was sensational, and the whole country was sensational. Became famous overnight, and a Hong Kong media put the hat of "Chen betrayed" on his head. This reform caused widespread controversy until the conclusion of the investigation team in the State Council. Since then, the restructuring of state-owned enterprises has been fully carried out in China. Chen Guang's attempt started the journey of modernization reform of state-owned enterprises in China. In a sense, Chen Guang is the forerunner of property right reform of state-owned enterprises.

1February, 1996, the Central Joint Investigation Team went to Zhucheng, Shandong Province to deal with the incident of "all state-owned enterprises sold out". The final conclusion is: Zhucheng's reform direction is correct, the measures are powerful, the results are remarkable, and the people are satisfied. A month later, Zhu Rongji personally went to Zhucheng and affirmed Zhucheng's practice of exploring and invigorating various forms of small enterprises. At this point, the mayor of Zhucheng, who was crowned as "Chen traitorous", was relieved.

Later practice also proved that "betrayal" became the turning point of Zhucheng reform. This county-level city, which has no ports, docks, railways and expressways and poor natural conditions, has undergone tremendous changes after the reform of Chen Guang. Statistics show that the GDP of Zhucheng increased from 1990 to 7.2 billion yuan in 1996. Fiscal revenue increased from 85 million yuan to 320 million yuan.

It is not enough to talk only about property rights reform.

Because the reform of state-owned enterprises in Zhucheng "everyone holds shares, the same shares and the same rights" is the voluntary choice of the employees of state-owned enterprises, and the municipal government has also done a good job in the reform of supporting systems such as social security, the whole reform is progressing smoothly. In the words of the investigation team sent by the central government later, "the direction is correct, the measures are powerful and the effect is remarkable." However, when Chen Guang copied the experience of Zhucheng reform to Heze City where he was at the helm of 1997, he didn't expect more troubles and complaints. In hindsight, there are many differences between Heze and Zhucheng. One of the most important backgrounds is that Heze, which is dominated by agriculture, was the poorest prefecture-level city in Shandong at that time, so poor that employees could not afford the shares of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, the property right reform has to be turned into "attracting investment"-looking for new "owners" for those small state-owned enterprises that are municipal, or even giving them away for nothing.

Also in the following year, economists and Fang Gu, the acquirer of state-owned enterprises, had a heated debate on whether the acquisition of Kelon in ancient times led to a huge loss of state-owned assets. With the judicial intervention caused by Gu's economic problems, the dispute between Lang and Gu has evolved into a dispute between business circles and economists about the gains and losses of state-owned enterprise reform.

Chen Guang, the pioneer of property right reform of state-owned enterprises in China, proved by his own practice that it is impossible for state-owned enterprises not to carry out property right reform, but it is also impossible to talk about property right reform only. The success of property right reform needs the reform of the whole national system and society.