Wu Yu detailed materials daquan

Wu dialect is called Wu dialect, also known as Jiangdong dialect, Jiangnan dialect and wuyue dialect. The Zhou Dynasty has a long history of more than 3,000 years and profound connotation. In China, it is distributed in Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, southern Anhui, northeastern Jiangxi and northern corner of Fujian, with a population of about 1 100 million. Wu dialect, one of the seven major dialects in China, has an international language code.

From the analysis of history, writing style and language characteristics, Wu dialect is very close to the Middle Ages, and inherits the neat framework system of eight tones and thirty-six characters in Middle Ages. Modern Wu dialect has more archaic factors than Mandarin, and its phonetic and linguistic elements are highly consistent with ancient rhyme books such as Qieyun and Guang Yun.

Wu dialect retains all voiced sounds, flat rhymes, sharp sounds and many ancient Chinese words in some areas, which has high cultural value. The grammatical structure of Wu dialect is very different from that of Putonghua, with thousands of unique words and many distinctive words, which is a vivid embodiment of Jiangnan people's way of thinking, life mood and cultural conservation. Wu dialect is the mother tongue of Wuyue people, and more than 100 cities constitute the Wu dialect urban agglomeration headed by Shanghai and the Jiangnan cultural circle. Wu dialect is closely related to the culture of Wu and Yue. "The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but Wu Sheng is charming".

Chinese name: Wu language mbth: Wu language aliases: Wu language, Jiangdong dialect, Jiangnan dialect, wuyue dialect, etc. : Overview of Taihu Film, Taizhou Film, Dongou Film, Wuzhou Film and Li Qu Film, Division, Taihu Film, Taizhou Film, Dongou Film, Wuzhou Film and Li Qu Film. The overview is customarily called Wu dialect, also known as Jiangsu and Zhejiang dialect or Jiangnan film. "Wu" is a continuation of ancient regional names. One of the seven major dialects of Chinese belongs to the Chinese branch of Sino-Tibetan language family, also known as "Jiangnan dialect" or "Jiangsu and Zhejiang dialect", with Taihu Lake as the center and Suzhou dialect as the representative. Wu dialect is spoken in parts of southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, northeastern Jiangxi and southeastern Anhui. There are about 1 10 counties and cities with a population of about 80 million. At present, the population exceeds 1 100 million, accounting for 8.5% of the Han population. Ranked second in China and tenth in the world. There are 25 counties and cities in Jiangsu Province that belong to or are dominated by Wu dialect: Danyang, Jintan, Gaochun, Lishui, Liyang, Yixing, Wujin, Changzhou, Jiangyin, Zhangjiagang, Shazhou, Jingjiang, Nantong, Haimen, Qidong, Tongzhou, Changshu, Wuxi, Suzhou, Wuxian, Wujiang, Taicang and Kunshan. Kongzhen, Xinqiao and Baima in the south of Lishui County also belong to Wuyu District, and Baiju and Fengtai in the southeast of Dafeng City also belong to Wuyu District. Shanghai and its 10 counties: Shanghai, Songjiang, Qingpu, Jinshan, Fengxian, Chongming, Nanhui, Chuansha, Baoshan and Jiading all speak Wu dialect. Except for Chun 'an (including Old Sui 'an) and Jiande (including Old Shou Chang) in the west, Zhejiang Province is basically within the scope of Wu dialect, but the Wu dialect in Zhejiang Province is basically concentrated in Huzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Jinhua and Zhoushan. Zhejiang used to belong to Vietnamese, but later it was afraid of having the same name as Vietnam. Because the languages in wuyue are similar, the Vietnamese language was changed to Nanwu language, and later it was merged into Wu language. There is Wenzhou dialect in the southeast, commonly known as Ou dialect, which is a unique local dialect. Dongtou, Yuhuan, Pingyang, Cangnan, Taishun, Qingyuan and other counties in the south are the staggered distribution areas of Wu dialect and Min dialect. Xiabao and Gantan in the north of Jiande County and the towns and villages in the east, and Tangcun, Liye and Dadiankou in the south still belong to Wuyu District. Yushan, Guangfeng, Shangrao and Shangrao in the northeast of Jiangxi Province are also Wu dialect areas. Southeast Anhui, Huizhou, Huangshan, Jixi, Xuancheng and other places also belong to the Wu dialect branch. According to its linguistic features, Wu dialect can be divided into five types: Taihu dialect, Taizhou dialect, Dongou dialect, Wuzhou dialect and Liqu dialect. Taihu Lake film is a northern Wu dialect film, including 265,438+0 counties and cities in Jiangsu Wu dialect, Shanghai and its subordinate counties, three old houses in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou in Zhejiang, and two old houses in Ningbo and Shaoxing in eastern Zhejiang, represented by Shanghai dialect or Suzhou dialect. This area has the widest distribution area and the largest population, which can be further divided into six small areas: ① Changzhou small area, including Shazhou, Jiangyin, Wujin, Yixing and other counties and cities in southern Jiangsu in the west, some villages in langxi and Guangde in Anhui Province, Lao 'an dialect in Jingjiang and Jiangbei, and Tongdong dialect in eastern Nantong, Haimen and northern Qidong also belong to this small area. (2) Jiangsu film, including Shanghai stock market and its counties, Changshu and Wuxi, as well as southern Jiangsu to the east of Wu dialect, Jiaxing, Pinghu, Jiashan, Haiyan, Tongxiang and Haining in Zhejiang, Nantong and Haimen to the north of the Yangtze River and Qihai dialect to the south of Qidong, all belong to this film. ③ Small pieces of Huzhou, including Huzhou, Changxing, Anji, Deqing and Yuhang. (4) Hangzhou small piece, namely the urban area of Hangzhou and its suburbs. ⑤ Shaolin plot, including Lin 'an, Fuyang, Tonglu, Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Shangyu, Zhuji, Shengzhou, Xinchang, Yuyao, Cixi, Xiabao and towns east of Gantan in Jiande County. ⑥ Mingzhou small piece, including Ningbo, Yinxian, Zhenhai, Fenghua, Xiangshan, Ninghai, Dinghai, Putuo and Daishan. Taizhou includes Tiantai, Sanmen, Linhai, Xianju, Huangyan, Jiaojiang, Wenling and Yuhuan. Taizhou dialect is also spoken in the area south of Chalu Road in Ninghai County, Ningbo City (Ninghai originally belonged to Taizhou area) and the area north of Qingjiang River in Yueqing County, Wenzhou City. This piece is represented by Linhai dialect. Dongou film is a Wenzhou film. Wenzhou dialect used to be called Ou dialect, which is popular in Wenzhou, Ouhai, Yongjia, Yueqing, Ruian, Pingyang, Wencheng, Dongtou, Cangnan and Qingtian. This piece is represented by Wenzhou dialect. Wuzhou film includes Jinhua city, Lanxi, Pujiang, Yiwu, Dongyang, Wuyi, Yongkang and Pan 'an in Jinhua area of central Zhejiang, represented by Jinhua dialect. Liqu films include Chuzhou films and Longqu films: Chuzhou films include counties such as Jinyun, Lishui, Yunhe and Qingtian and Jingning She Autonomous County. Southern Wuyi County, Old Yiping County, Nantian District of wencheng county, northern Taishun County and northeastern Qingyuan County also belong to this small piece. The small area in Dragon Area includes Longquan, Qingyuan, Songyang, Suichang, Jiangshan, Changshan, Hua Kai, Quzhou and Longyou. The northern part of Pucheng County in Fujian Province, and Yushan, Guangfeng, Shangrao and Shangrao cities in Jiangxi Province also belong to this small piece. This piece is represented by Lishui dialect. Main linguistic features: ① The initials of voiced consonants and affricated consonants are different from voiced consonants except aspirated consonants. In ancient times, voiced consonants were usually pronounced. For example, there are different sounds in Shanghai, Linhai, Wenzhou, Jinhua and Lishui, such as "Bao" (helping mother), "Bao" (caring mother) and "Bao" (merging mother). It is the essential feature of Wu dialect to preserve the ancient voiced initial system. For example, in Shaoxing, Ningbo, Linhai, Jinhua, Lishui, Wenzhou and other places to the south of Qiantang River, tea reads dz initials, while Haiyan, Pinghu, Jiaxing, Jiashan, Songjiang, Shanghai and other places to the north of Qiantang River generally have no dz initials, but tea reads Z initials. (2) There is no tongue twister, and the knowledge group and photo group generally pronounce "剷剷", "s" or "剷", "剷" and "剷". For example, "Zhang Zhou", Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing and other places are initials. Only the old school in Changshu, Wuxi and Suzhou dialects read initials similar to those in Beijing dialect. ③ The difference between initials and finals (or glottis) is preserved. For example, Shanghai is proud, Austria is proud, Wenzhou is proud, and Austria is proud. ④ In ancient times, the initials of the word "Wei" mostly had two pronunciations, namely, V (the same as the initials of "Fei, Zhai and Fen") and M (the same as the initials of "Men, Mi and Mu"). For example, "Wen", Shanghai dialect, Suzhou dialect, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V, V and V. For example, "Ren", Shanghai dialect Zé Gea (text) I Gea (white), Changshu dialect I Gea (text) I Gea. ⑥ Pronunciation of the word "bird" beginning with t. For example, in Shanghai dialect, "bird" and "hang" have the same sound: ti, while in Wenzhou dialect, "bird" and "da" have the same sound:' Ti ε. ⑦ The colloquial word "da" often rhymes with "cold stem". For example, in Shanghai dialect, "beating, pestering and cold" are all? Rhyme, Wenzhou dialect "beating, tangling and cold" are all iε rhymes. ⑧ The second-class word of the ancient "crab" photo has no rhyme I, and the nose and tail of the ancient "salty" photo and the "mountain" photo are all lost, so there are more rhymes. For example, "Qikuai" (crab photo) is ua rhyme in Shanghai dialect and Linhai dialect, A rhyme in Wenzhou dialect and Rui 'an dialect, U rhyme in Lishui dialect and uε rhyme in Quzhou dialect. "San" (taken in salt) and "Dan" (taken in mountain) have E rhyme in Shanghai dialect, A rhyme in Linhai dialect and Lishui dialect is slightly nasalized, and both Ryan and Pingyang are rhymes. Pet-name ruby nasal vowels less, three ancient words "deep, sincere, stem" rhyme ending is the same. For example, Shanghai, Linhai and Jinhua are all beautiful, while Wenzhou, Ruian and Pingyang are all beautiful. Attending the word "end-to-end closure" has no U middle sound. For example, Shanghai's "Dun, Cun and Sun" are all rhymes, Pingyang's "Dun" is rhymes, and "Cun and Sun" are rhymes; Lishui has the rhyme of "dun" and "village acid". ? The entering rhyme does not end with -p, -t and -k, but it has a throat or only a tone category. Taihu Lake piece is inserted into the throat of vocal cords, such as "bamboo", "wood" and "straight" in Shanghai dialect. Dongou tablets have no throat plugs, such as Wenzhou "bamboo" tíu "wood" Moqu and "straight" Zequ. There are a lot of entering tones in Wuzhou films, such as the homophony of "miscellaneous", "made" and "end" and "full" in Wuyi. ? Tones are divided into yin and yang, starting with voiced or elastic. For two tones, the tone value of yin tone is higher than that of yang tone. For example, in Shanghai, "Bai" is a woman, "Bai" is a man, "Bai" is tall and short (5), and "Bai" is low and short (2). "White" and "white" in Linhai, Jinhua, Wenzhou and Lishui also have different tones, and the tone value of "white" is always higher than "white". Lexical grammar ① There are many monosyllabic words, including a large number of archaic words. For example, Shanghai dialect "Yi" k' Yi (Tibetan) and "Juyun": mouth-cutting, high-pitched and hidden. "Clothes" T "clothes" (things that untie the package), "Jiyun": his mouth, unfold. Yi B Yi (overflowing with water), Ji Yun and Yun Hui: universal concern, sound disc and whirl. ② The verb "down" often uses "Luo", such as "It's raining, snowing, getting off, going down the mountain, sitting (down), sitting still, going up and down". ③ The ordinal number "two" is commonly used, such as "the second floor" (the second floor) and "Class 2, Grade 2" (Class 2, Grade 2). The ten-digit "twenty" is often used as "twenty", such as "twenty-one" (twenty-one) and "twenty-seven" (twenty-seven). (4) The negative adverb "bu" appears in the form of F é é é, V é é é é é é, and is usually written as "bu". Such as "don't, don't, don't, don't do, don't say, don't be long, don't be short, don't be red, don't be good, don't be cool". ⑤ Noun prefix "A" has a wide range of uses, some of which are used to rank and name names, such as "Ada, Al, Asan, Amin, A Qin and Afen", while others are used to address relatives, such as "Agger, May, Aba, Ashu and A Jiu (Changzhou refers to uncle, Wenzhou refers to his wife's brother)". ⑥ The word "tou" is often used as a suffix. For example, Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have "paper head" (paper), wall head (wall), thief bone (thief), door head (door), bamboo head (bamboo), nose head (nose), head head (collar) and head (fool). ⑦ Except for Hangzhou, Deqing and Yuhang, Taihu Lake has no "er" suffix, and there is no phonetic change indicating the "er" suffix. Every film in the south has an "er" tail, which is either nasalized by vowels or expressed by tone sandhi. ⑧ It is often used for verb reduplication, and "Kan" is used for the additional components of Taihu Lake, such as "Eat, Ask and Kan" in Shanghainese and Jiaxing dialect, and "?" Used in southern movies. , "hope", "phase" and "rise", such as Wenzhou's "eat? Think about it? Listen? " Wu Yi Yongkang, "Talking about Hope, Writing Hope". ⑨ Monosyllabic adjectives are flexible in overlapping ways, including elements added after overlapping (ABB type) and elements added before overlapping (AAB type). For example, in Shanghainese, ABB style is red, thin, white, black and fat, and AAB style is red, waxy and yellow, with straight brushwork. ⑩ When a verb in a double-object sentence means "give", the object of the referred object is often in front of the referred object. For example, "Give me a book" (give me a book) and "Give me a piece of paper" (give me a piece of paper). ? Adverb "Kuai" is often used after verbs or adjectives, such as "Kuai" (almost) and "Good Kuai" (almost). ? The objects behind the verb-complement structure are often preceded, such as "I have eaten" (I have eaten) and "Have you read a dream of red mansions?" Have you ever seen a dream of red mansions? Attachment: The vowels of Shanghai dialect, Linhai dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, Lishui dialect and other representative points in Shanghai, P cloth P' batch B step M F powder V suit T when T meets D and moves N south L road, fighting for rough S division Z, with clear foundation, cattle and horses in the group. Early dz ruled S, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z. Thinking Z, thinking Z, thinking Z, governing the s-Si-Z temple, out, out, shrinking the flesh, shrinking the K street, K' guest G, Yan H, black shoes, An Jinhua, P' sending B step, M fan, F flying, V fat, T low ladder D, N friends, L farming. K' empty G total H stone shoes An Lishui P sad P' batch B skin M mother F not T low T ladder D lift N male L plum planting dz flag S sweep Z Cao Nan La D poor mud A, Ba, ia, write ua, strange, go I, mark O, die γ, mouth γ, iγ, excellent E, come iE, arm uE, bend, see U, official Y, donate. I'm trying? Okay, u Horizontal? Busy with me? Wang u? I'm tight by Guang 'e Deng and Y 'e-jun 'e-jun 'e-dong 'e-o 'e-poor 'e 'a 'e-a 'e-a 'e-a 'e-a 'e-a 'e 'e 'e 'e 'e 'e 'e 'e' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' e ' Hard I？ Yan Liang u? I heard that I am fine, I am warm, I am lucky, I am red, I am sick, I am sick, I am sick, I am sick, I am sick, I am sick. Xingyi? Waist ai belongs to iai, Yi uai, Wei ei, Wei au, Europe, iau, young iu, Zao U, Zao Y, Su, A, Kun, ia, England, E, Ding, O, Weng, io, Zhu, M, Wu Jinhua (reading), and me, chicken, U, Gu, Y. Hand Annan Ian Xian Yan Guan Chuan Abang ia Zhang ua A Guang Ya Shuang Pueraria I Poor U Ge Kun Y Ge Chun O Ge Dong io Ge Chong. Take U row uo climb yo cover ε move ie flat uε wedding y═ Sichuan ei Cup uei back to U for iu week A door ua roll help I male I soldier Y training one hundred ε ═.