The history of Fenquan River

What are the famous lakes, rivers or mountains in Henan? The famous lakes in Henan are: Boshan Lake/Southern Pearl Nanwan Lake/Suya Lake/Yellow River Sanmenxia Scenic Area/Sanmenxia Lake/Longhu Scenic Area/Xiaolangdi Reservoir Tourist Area/Danjiangkou/Yahekou Reservoir Tourist Area.

The famous lakes are as follows: 1. The main stream of the Yellow River Basin enters Henan Province in lingbao city, and flows through 7 cities and 24 counties (cities, districts) including Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Kaifeng and Puyang. The west of Jin Meng, the main stream of the Yellow River, is a narrow valley, where the water flows rapidly, and the east of Jin Meng enters the plain, where the water flows suddenly and a large amount of sediment is deposited, and the riverbed is deposited year by year. Embankments are set on both banks, with a distance of 5~20km. The main stream fluctuates and it is a wandering river.

Below Huayuankou, the riverbed is 4~8m higher than the ground behind the dike, forming a suspended river. During the flood season, it threatened the safety of people's lives and property in the downstream areas and became a confidant of flood control. After flowing through Sanyizhai, lankao county, the main stream turns to the northeast, basically becoming the boundary of Henan and Shandong provinces, leaving the province near Zhangzhuang, Taiqian County, and passing through the province 7 1 1km.

The main tributaries of the Yellow River in this province are Yi River, Luohe River, Qinhe River, Hongnong River, Hesui River, Jindi River and natural Yan Wen Canal. Yi river, Luohe and Qinhe are the main sources of floods below Sanmenxia of the Yellow River.

(1) The Luohe River system originates from Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, flows through Lushi, Luoning, Yiyang, Luoyang and yanshi city in Henan Province, and joins the Yellow River in Shenbei Village, gongyi city, with a total drainage area of 19056km2 and a length of 366km. The whole province area 17400km2.

The main tributary, the Yihe River, originates from Xiong 'er Mountain in Luanchuan County, flows through Songxian County, Yichuan County and Luoyang, and joins the Luohe River in Yangcun Village of Yanshi County. The river is 268km long and the drainage area is 6 120km2. The low-lying land between the Yihe River and the Luohe River is prone to floods.

(2) Qinhe River System Qinhe River originates from Heicheng Village, Pingyao County, Shanxi Province, enters Henan Province from Huotan Village, Xinzhuang Township, Jiyuan City, passes through Qinyang, wen county and Fangling, Wuzhi County, and flows into the Yellow River. The total basin area is 13532km2, the provincial area is 3023km2, and the provincial inland river length is 135km.

Qinhe River enters the alluvial plain below wulongkou in Jiyuan, and the riverbed is silted, which is 2~4m higher than the ground outside the dike, forming a suspended river. The main tributary of the Danhe River originates from Danzhuling, Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, flows through Aibo and Qinyang and joins the Qinhe River.

The total basin area is 3 152km2, the total length is 169km, the provincial boundary area is 179km2, and the provincial boundary inland river is 46.4km long. (3) Hongnongjian, Hesui Hongnongjian and He Sui are hilly rivers that directly enter the Yellow River.

Hongnong River (also known as Xijiang River) originates from the west of Yuyuan Garden in Lingbao County, with a length of 88 kilometers and a drainage area of 2,068 square kilometers. He Sui originated in Huayeling, Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, and flowed into Kulongshan, Jing Ke Township, northwest of Jiyuan City. It flows into the South Yellow River of Wuzhi through Mengxian and Wenxian, with a total length of 130km and a drainage area of 1328km2.

(4) Jindi River, natural Yan Wen Canal Jindi River and natural Yan Wen Canal all belong to plain slope rivers. Jindi River originates from Jing Zhang Village, Xinxiang County, and its upstream is Dasha River, Xiliu Qinghe River and Hongqi Canal in turn. It starts in Gengzhuang, hua county, and is the main stream of Jindi River, which flows through Puyang, Fanxian, Shenxian and Yanggu, and flows into the Yellow River in Dongzhangzhuang, Taiqian County. The main stream is 159km long and the drainage area is 5047km2.

The source of the natural Yan Wen Canal is divided into the south branch and the north branch. The south branch is called the natural canal and the north branch is called the Yan Wen Canal, all of which originated from Wang Lunan and Wang Lubei in Yuanyang County. They are called the natural Yan Wen Canal after meeting in Dachaji, Changyuan County, and flow into the Yellow River in Qucun, Puyang County, with a drainage area of 25 14km2. Due to the siltation of the Yellow River, the riverbed is raised year by year. Only when the water level of the Yellow River is low, the runoff of the natural Yan Wen Canal and Jindi River can flow in by itself, and the flood of the Yellow River often causes the jacking of two tributaries, making it difficult to discharge water.

2. Rivers in the Huaihe River Basin The main rivers in the Huaihe River Basin are the main stream of the Huaihe River and its tributaries in Huainan, the rivers in Honghe, Heying and Yudong Plain. Huainan, the main stream and tributary of Huaihe River, originated from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain, accounting for 17.5% of the total area of Huaihe River basin in the province.

The tributaries on the left bank mainly originate from the Funiu Mountain system in the west, the Yellow River in the north and northeast, and the abandoned south dike of the Yellow River. There are many secondary tributaries along the way, accounting for 82.5% of the total area of Huaihe River basin in the province. The tributaries on the left and right banks are asymmetrically distributed.

The river source in hilly area is short and urgent, and it is easy to become a flood disaster after entering the plain. (1) The main stream of Huaihe River in Huainan and its tributaries originate from Taibaiding, Tongbai Mountain, Tongbai County, flow eastward through Xinyang, Luoshan, Xixian, Huangchuan and Huaibin counties, and enter Anhui in Chen Dong Village, sanhejian Township, Gushi County. The length of the river above the provincial boundary is 4 17km, and the basin area of the main stream of Huaihe River includes the main stream of Huaihe River, Huainan tributaries and Huaibei tributaries above Honghekou 2 1730km2.

Below Xixian County, banks began to build dikes, all the way to Huaibin. The river is 99 kilometers long, with a riverbed gradient of 1/7000 and a river width of more than 2000 meters. Because of the small drainage outlet of the main stream of Huaihe River and the low standard of flood control and waterlogging elimination, the plain depressions along the main stream and tributaries of Huaihe River are prone to floods. The main tributaries of the south bank are: Shihe River, Zhugan River, Zhaihe River, Yellow River, Bailuyuan River, Shihe River and Guanhe River, all of which originate from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain and flow to the southwest-northeast with short and urgent rivers.

(2) The Honghe River system originates from Longtoushan, wugang city, flows through Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu and Xincai, and flows into the Huaihe River at Honghekou, Huaibin County, with a total length of 326km, a flood diversion length of 74km below the platform and a drainage area of 12325km2. The shape of the basin is wide and narrow, and the outflow is not smooth, which is easy to cause floods.

Ruhe River is the main tributary of the Red River, which originates from Wufeng Mountain in Biyang, flows through Suiping, Runan, Zhengyang and Pingyu, and joins the Red River in Bantai Village, Xincai County, with a total length of 222km and a drainage area of 7376km2. Zhentou River is the main tributary of Ruhe River, which originates from Jiguan Mountain in Queshan and flows into Ruhe River in the south of Ruan, with a river length of 12 1km and a drainage area of 184 1km2.

Another main tributary of Ruhe River, Beiruhe River, originates from Yangzhuang in Xiping County and Chayashan in suiping county, and flows into Ruhe River through Shangcai and Runan, with a length of 60km and a drainage area of 1.273 km2. (3) Heying is the Heying River System, which is located in the hinterland of Henan Province and the largest river system in the Huaihe River Basin.

In Henan Province, Heying River System is also commonly known as Sha Ying River System, with Shahe as the main trunk, and the section from Zhoukou to the provincial boundary is also commonly known as Shahe. He Yinghe is still the main narrative here.

He Ying originated at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, flowed through Dengfeng, Yuzhou, Xiangcheng, Xuchang, Linying, Xihua, Zhoukou, Xiangcheng and Shenqiu, and entered Anhui at the boundary river. The length of the river above the provincial boundary is 4 18km, and the drainage area is 34400km2.

Shahe River and Fenquan River are tributaries of the south bank of Heying River, while Qingfei River, Jia Luhe River and Heizi River are tributaries of the north bank. Shahe River is the largest tributary of Heying, which originates from Shiren in Lushan County and flows through Baofeng, Yexian, Wuyang and Luohe.

There are many rivers in Shangqiu Kym section, including the Yellow River and Huaihe River. Henan Province spans the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Haihe River, with drainage areas of 86,654, 38+0,000, 27,700, 36,000 and10.53 million km2 respectively. There are 493 rivers in the province, with an area of 1 1,000km2. There are 8 rivers with 5 000~ 10 000km2, namely Yihe River, Jindi River, Shihe River, Ruhe River, Beiru River, Heying River, Jia Luhe River and Tanghe River. /kloc-43 items from 0/000 to 5000 km2; There are 433 rivers, 100~ 1000km2. In terms of basin scope, there are 93 rivers 100km2 and the Yellow River basin. Huaihe river basin 271; There are 54 in Haihe River Basin and 75 in Yangtze River Basin. Due to the influence of topography, most rivers originate in the mountainous areas in the west, northwest and southeast, and the forms of flowing through Henan Province can be divided into four categories: cross-provincial rivers; An outbound river originating in Henan; Rivers that originate from other provinces, meet in Henan and enter the mainstream; And all the rivers in the province. 1. The main stream of the Yellow River Basin enters Henan Province in lingbao city and flows through 24 counties (cities, districts) including Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Kaifeng and Puyang. The west of Jin Meng, the main stream of the Yellow River, is a narrow valley, and the east of Jin Meng enters the plain. The current suddenly slows down and a lot of sediment is deposited. The riverbed is silted year by year, and dikes are set on both banks. This is a winding river. Below Huayuankou, the riverbed is 4~8m higher than the back of the dike, forming a suspended river. Flood season threatens the safety of people's lives and property in downstream areas, which has become a worry of flood control. After flowing through Sanyizhai, lankao county, the main stream turns to the northeast, and basically becomes the provincial boundary between Henan and Shandong, leaving the province near Zhangzhuang, Taiqian County. The whole province is 7 1 1km. The main tributaries of the Yellow River in this province are Yihe, Luohe, Qinhe, Hongnongjian, He Sui, Jindi and natural Yan Wen Canal. Yi river, Luohe and Qinhe rivers are the main sources of floods below Sanmenxia of the Yellow River. (1) The Luohe River system originates from Lantian County, Shaanxi Province and flows through Henan Province. The total basin area is 19056km2, and the inland river in the province is 366km long. Provincial area 17400km2. The main tributary, Yihe River, originates from Xiong 'er Mountain in Luanchuan County, flows through Songxian County, Yichuan County and Luoyang Village in Yanshi County, and flows into Luohe River. The river is 268km long and the drainage area is 6 120km2. The Yi River and the Luo River are sandwiched by the floodplain. It is prone to floods. (2) The Qinhe River system originated in Heicheng Village, Pingyao County, Shanxi Province, entered Henan Province from Huotan Village, Xinzhuang Township, Jiyuan City, and flowed into the Yellow River through Qinyang, wen county and Fangling, Wuzhi County. The total basin area is 13532km2, the provincial area is 3023km2, and the provincial inland river length is 135km. A suspended river formed. The main tributary Danhe River originates from Danzhuling, Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, flows through Aibo and Qinyang and joins Qinhe River. The total basin area is 3 152km2, the total length is 169km, the provincial boundary area is 179km2, and the provincial boundary inland river is 46.4km long. (3) Hongnong River, He Sui Hongnong River and He Sui River. The river is 88 kilometers long with a drainage area of 2,068 square kilometers. He Sui originates in Huayeling, Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, enters Kulongshan, Jing Ke Township, northwest of Jiyuan City, and flows into the Yellow River in the south of Wuzhi City through Mengxian County and Wenxian County, with a total length of 130km and a drainage area of 1328km2. (4) Jindi River and natural Yan Wen Canal. The upper reaches are Dasha River, Xiliu Qinghe River and Hongqi Canal in turn, starting from Gengzhuang, hua county, which is the main stream of Jindi River, flowing through Puyang, Fanxian, Shenxian and Yanggu, and flowing into the Yellow River in Dongzhangzhuang, Taiqian County. The length of the main stream is 159km, and the drainage area is 5047km2. The source of the natural Yan Wen Canal is divided into two tributaries, the south tributary is called the natural canal, and the north tributary is called the Yan Wen Canal, both of which originated from Wang Lunan in Yuanyang County. It flows into the Yellow River in Qucun, Puyang County, with a drainage area of 25 14km2. Due to the siltation of the Yellow River, the riverbed is raised year by year. Only when the Yellow River is dry, the natural runoff of Yan Wen Canal and Jindi River can flow in by itself, and the flood of the Yellow River often causes the jacking of two tributaries. Drainage is difficult. 2. Rivers in Huaihe River Basin The main rivers in Huaihe River Basin include the main stream of Huaihe River and its tributaries in Huainan, the rivers in Honghe, Heying and Yudong Plain. Both the main stream of Huaihe River and the tributary of Huainan originate from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain, accounting for 17.5% of the total area of Huaihe River basin in the province. The tributaries on the left bank mainly originate from the Funiu Mountain system in the west, the Yellow River in the north and northeast, and the abandoned south dike of the Yellow River, and there are many secondary tributaries along the way. It accounts for 82.5% of the total area of Huaihe River Basin in the province. The tributaries on the left and right banks are asymmetrically distributed. The source of the river in hilly area is short and urgent, and the drainage is not smooth after entering the plain, which is easy to cause floods. (1) The main stream of Huaihe River and the main stream of Huainan tributary originate from Taibaiding of Tongbai Mountain in Tongbai County, flow eastward through Xinyang, Luoshan, Xixian, Huangchuan, Huaibin and other counties, and enter Anhui in Chen Dong Village, sanhejian Township, Gushi County. The water system of the main stream of Huaihe River includes the main stream of Huaihe River, the main tributaries of Huainan and the main tributaries of Huaibei above Honghekou, with a drainage area of 2 173099km. Below Xixian County, there are dikes on both banks, reaching Huaibin, with a riverbed gradient of 1/7000 and a river width of more than 2000 meters. Due to the small drainage outlet in the main stream of Huaihe River, the standard of flood control and waterlogging elimination is low, and there are many depressions along the Huaihe River and the downstream plains of tributaries. Flood disasters often occur. The main tributaries of the south bank are: Shihe River, Zhugan River, Zhaihe River, Yellow River, Bailuyuan River, Shihe River and Guanhe River, all of which originate from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain and flow to the southwest-northeast area. (2) The Red River system originates from Longtou Mountain in wugang city and flows through Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu and Guanhe. Watershed area 12325km2. The shape of the basin is wide and narrow, and the outflow is not smooth, which is easy to cause floods. Ruhe River is the main tributary of the Red River, which originates from Wufeng Mountain in Biyang, flows through Suiping, Runan, Zhengyang and Pingyu, and joins the Red River in Bantai Village, Xincai County, with a total length of 222 kilometers and a drainage area of 7,376 square kilometers. Zhentou River is the main tributary of Ruhe River, which is relatively developed. River length 12 1km, watershed area 184 1km2. Another main tributary of Ruhe River, Beiruhe River, originates from Yangzhuang in Xiping County and Chayashan in suiping county.

Which county does the logistics industrial cluster of Zhoukou Port in Henan Province belong to? Zhoukou port logistics industry cluster area directly belongs to the people of Zhoukou city and belongs to the unit at the level. Zhoukou, known as Zhoujiakou in history, is known as "Little Wuhan" and has a long history of navigation. Named after sailing, it prospers because of sailing.

There are four rivers with shipping development conditions in Zhoukou, namely Shaying River, Guo River, Jia Luhe River and Fenquan River. The navigation channel below Zhoukou, Sha Ying, was opened all year round in June 2009. Single ships with 300 dwt to 1 0,000 dwt and towing teams with 3000 dwt to 1 0,000 dwt can sail smoothly from Zhoukou to Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal areas all year round, thus achieving the goal of crossing the river into the sea.

As the only industrial cluster named after the port in the province, accelerating the development of Zhoukou port logistics industrial cluster is highly compatible with a series of decision-making arrangements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government on promoting the construction of urban-rural integration demonstration zone and promoting the construction of comprehensive transportation system, and there is great potential for building a pioneering area of modern industrial system.

Economic Comparison of Counties in Zhoukou Area Zhoukou City is located in the southeast of Henan Province, which governs Huaiyang, Lu Yi, Fugou, Shenqiu, Taikang, Dancheng, Xihua, Shangshui, Chuanhui District and Xiangcheng, with a total area of 1. 1.9 million square kilometers and cultivated land area of 1.7 million mu. Cultivated land area and total population rank 1 in the whole province. Zhoukou has a long history and belongs to Chen Chu in ancient times. Its ancestors were all in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang). The ancient Three Emperors and Five Emperors once thrived here, enjoying the reputation of "Pioneer of China, Monument of Kyushu".

Shahe, Heying and Jia Luhe meet in Sanchuan. History shows that in the Qing Dynasty, there were five thoroughfares, people were everywhere, merchants gathered, and the voices of the north and the south were heard, so it was called "Little Wuhan" in China. Zhoukou area is one of the important birthplaces of Yellow River culture.

Zhoukou, also known as Zhoujiakou, is located at the intersection of Shahe, He Ying and Jia Luhe. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was only a market town where nearby farmers exchanged agricultural and sideline products. During the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, due to the opening of Huaihe River, Shahe River and Heying River, the market town expanded from the north bank of Shahe River in the early Ming Dynasty to the south bank of Shahe River. In order to facilitate the exchange of materials, a ferry was opened in the south bank street (now the old street), and a family named Zhou ferried back and forth here, so it was called the ferry, hence the name "Zhoujiakou".

In the most prosperous period, there were 1 16 streets in Zhoujiakou Town alone, and each street had its own characteristic industry. For example, Jiaozi Street sells bamboo wares, Ma Xian Street sells sacks, and Datong Street specializes in bronze wares such as copper pots. On average, a temple is built every two streets. Although Zhoujiakou Town has 1 16 street, its business is mainly developed by transshipment trade, mainly between eastern Henan and Jiangnan. Its export commodities are mainly agricultural and sideline products produced in Chen Zhou and Kaifeng, while its input is mainly silk and groceries produced in Jiangnan.

Yang Zishan said that some people used the word "business travel Mercedes-Benz" to describe the commercial prosperity of Zhoujiakou at that time, which was very appropriate. So what was the commercial scale of Zhoujiakou at that time? Yang Zishan said that Professor Xu Tan of Nankai University used the two monuments of Shanshan Guild Hall in the 18th year of Daoguang in Zhoujiakou as the basis to raise funds from businessmen according to the principle of "one thousandth", and calculated that there were 164 businessmen in Zhoujiakou, and 320 businessmen had only one name to test.

Xiong Tingbi, a scholar in the twenty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Crossing Zhoujiakou" when passing by Zhoujiakou. There is a sentence in the poem: "Jiangpu shines with lights, and Qian Fan is like Gao Han." It means that Zhoujiakou is brightly lit like Nanjing Pukou at night, and Qian Fan gathers like Hankou during the day.

"This shows the degree of prosperity at that time." The real prosperity of Zhoujiakou was in the Qing Dynasty.

During the Qianlong period, Zhoujiakou had opened a ferry 16. At the peak, the number of local residents reached 40,000 to 50,000, while the floating population reached several hundred thousand. It also won the reputation of "Nanpidu" and "Xiaohankou" and became one of the four major commercial centers in Henan. This ancient holy land, with a long history, is one of the birthplaces of ancient culture in China.

The ancestor of mankind, Taihao Fuxi Duwanqiu (now Huaiyang County), made gossip and nets to teach people to fish and hunt; Nu Wa, the goddess of China, the capital of Xihua, made people unearthed, refined stones to make up the sky, and educated everything; Shennong began to take Chen (now Huaiyang County) as the capital, tasted herbs, cultivated grains, taught people to cultivate crops, and created a new era of planting and breeding in China; Laozi (whose real name is Li Er), the ancient sage, the originator of Taoism, ranked first among 100 celebrities in the world. He was born in Guxian County (now Luyi County) and went to Hangu in the west, and wrote the Tao Te Ching with 5,000 words, which has been passed down through the ages. Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the leaders of the first peasant uprising in China, established the first peasant regime in China in Chen Cheng (now Huaiyang). Xie An, a famous strategist in ancient China and an important commander of the Battle of Feishui, was born in Chen (now Huaiyang County). Chen Tuan, an outstanding Yi-ology scholar in China, was also born in Luyi County. Bao Zheng's disaster relief in Lower Chenzhou led to a famous story. Yuan Shikai, the last emperor of China feudal dynasty, was born in this city. Ji Hongchang, a famous anti-Japanese general, was born in Fugou County. The ancestors of more than ten surnames such as Chen, Li and Xie all originated in Zhoukou. The long history and splendid culture have left many places of interest in Zhoukou, an ancient land, and formed rich tourism resources.

This is the key area of ancient cultural tourism in China. Taihao Mausoleum, the tomb of Fu, the head of the "Huang San", covers an area of 870 mu, with five opposite doors and magnificent halls; Fuxi looked up and looked down, painting a platform for gossip, pavilions and colorful pavilions, green cypresses; Fu Shengbai Turtle (1984), who started the Eight Diagrams, reappeared for thousands of years from the side of the Guatai. Pingliangtai, the site of Wanqiu ancient city more than 4,600 years ago, is the earliest ancient city site in China.

Confucius and Cai Chen were deprived of food, and Xiange Tower, a plain and arduous memorial website, was renovated. Build an altar in the lake, red lotus reflects the sun, and Lan Lian welcomes the sky; The Taiqing Palace, the hometown of Laozi, was built in imitation of Chang 'an Palace, with Kowloon Well and the monument of "Zan Empress Dowager" as its dependencies. Laozi cultivated into an immortal and floated to Laojuntai, where there are many tall buildings, solemn and simple; Xihua Nuwa City, one of the Nuwa Capital "Huang San", has become a commercial and tourist attraction with beautiful environment. Fugou Ji Hongchang Memorial Hall records that the immortal achievements of heroes have been passed down through the ages; The Guandi Temple in Zhoukou City is well preserved, which is an ancient architectural complex integrating ancient architecture, sculpture, art and smelting in China. Yuan Shikai's former residence, elegant and chic, has the flavor of modern houses in the Central Plains; The old town of Nanton is beautifully built and has the style of an ancient city; The pine and cypress in Huaiyang Pruning Garden have peculiar shapes, and the images of birds and animals, pavilions, towers, pavilions and workshops are vivid and lifelike. Around Huaiyang Lake16,000 mu, which is twice as big as the West Lake, reeds are lush, lotus flowers are fragrant, blue waves are boating, swimming in water and picking lotus flowers, fishing and barbecue are fun. The newly-built "Five Thousand Years of China" scenic spot in Zhoukou City condenses the history of China for five thousand years, imitates the Great Wall architecture, and embeds the China Tower and the Great Wall in the ratio of 1: 1. Jade carving, stone carving and clay sculpture are more than ten thousand kings and scholars, and the Great Wall is located in different halls.

On June 8, 2000, the State Council approved (1) to cancel Zhoukou area and county-level Zhoukou city and establish prefecture-level Zhoukou city. City people * * * in the newly established Chuanhui District.

(2) The Chuanhui District is established in Zhoukou City, and the administrative area of Zhoukou City at the county level is the administrative area of Chuanhui District. People in the old street.

(3) Zhoukou City governs Shangshui County in the former Zhoukou area.

Anyang River, also known as Huan River, was formed in which period and originated from Lvlinshan in Linxian County.

Huan River has three main tributaries: Huanghua River, Lingyang River and Taoyuan River. The sources of the three tributaries are all in the fractured zone of Lv Lin Cliff Fault. After flowing down the mountain, two tributaries of Huanghua River and Lingyang River meet in Beilingyang Village, Linxian County.

Flowing eastward to Hengshui Village, Hengshui Town, Linxian County, there is Taoyuan River. Then continue to flow eastward to Guojiayao Village, Hengshui Town, undercurrent underground, exposed in Shan Ying Mountain, Anyang County.

Therefore, there is a saying in history that Huan Shui "enters at every cross and comes out at every good time". From Shan Ying Mountain to Zhangwu Village, the river is located in the hilly area, with large natural drop and rapid flow.

Since Zhangwu Village, the river is in the plain area, and its flow direction is gradually stable. To the east of Jiangcun Township, Anyang County, it flows into Zhuquan River.

To the east of Mashui Village, the Fenhong River flows into it. Then it winds eastward to Fanyangkou, Neihuang, and flows into Weihe River.

What medicinal materials are suitable for planting in Zhoukou, Henan Province? The natural conditions in Zhoukou are suitable for planting Chinese herbal medicines.

Zhoukou City governs 8 counties 1 districts 1 cities, with a land area of 1 1637 square kilometers, accounting for 7% of the province, of which cultivated land area is117.45 million mu, accounting for 8.7% of the province. Located in the southeast of Henan Yudong Plain.

Geographical coordinates are 33 03' ~ 34 20' north latitude,114 05' ~1/5 39' east longitude, north-south width135km and east-west length/kloc-. Our city is located in the mid-latitude zone, belonging to the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, large temperature difference and uneven precipitation. The general climate characteristics are: less cold rain and snow in winter, concentrated hot rain in summer, short warm season in spring and autumn, and more dry wind at the turn of spring and summer.

The combination of light, heat and water resources is good, and the plain soil layer is deep, which is suitable for the growth of many kinds of root medicinal materials. Temperature conditions.

The temperature in autumn is higher than that in spring, the temperature difference between winter and summer is significant, the heat and temperature are not much, and cold and low temperature are rare. Annual average temperature 14.2℃~ 14.7℃, annual average maximum temperature 20.2℃ and annual average minimum temperature 9.5℃.

The frost-free period in the city is 2 16 days. From the temperature conditions, it is beneficial to the growth and development of Chinese herbal medicines.

Precipitation conditions. Precipitation is concentrated in summer, with less rain and snow in winter, great interannual variation and uneven rainfall distribution.

The annual average precipitation is 689 mm ~8 16 mm, and the rainfall decreases from southeast to northwest. More than 85% of the precipitation in the city is in the growing season of crops, and the rainfall in the same season of water and heat is sufficient, which is conducive to the development of Chinese herbal medicine production.

Sunshine conditions. The annual average sunshine hours in our city are 2100 ~ 2,400 hours, and the annual photosynthetic effective radiation absorbed and utilized by plants is about 594 calories /cm2.

On a quarterly basis, the second and third quarters are the vigorous growth stages of crops, with the most rainfall, more photothermal radiation and more sunshine hours. These meteorological factors are very beneficial to the growth of Chinese herbal medicines.

Water resources conditions. Zhoukou city is rich in water resources, good in water quality and easy to develop and utilize.

There are 60 backbone rivers in the city with a drainage area of over 100 square kilometers, which belong to Sha Ying River, Wohui River, Xifei River and Hongru River respectively. Among the water resources, groundwater is abundant, and precipitation infiltration is quick to replenish. Abundant water resources are a great advantage in developing Chinese herbal medicine.

Soil conditions. Zhoukou City is bounded by Shaying River, and the Huaibei Plain is alluvial by Shaying River, Fenquan River and Heihe River in the south. To the north of Shaying River is the flood plain of the Yellow River.

The soil quality of Shangshui, Xiangcheng and Shenqiu in the south of Sha Ying is mainly sandy black soil, accounting for 2 1% of the city's land area. It is characterized by high soil viscosity, high organic matter content and high potential fertility. This kind of soil has high organic matter, nitrogen content and cation exchange, and is suitable for planting Ophiopogon japonicus, Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Codonopsis, Achyranthes bidentata, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, rape, mint and so on. Under the conditions of strictly grasping the suitable farming period, taking good irrigation and drainage measures and increasing chemical fertilizer application.

The soil in Fugou, Xihua, Taikang, Huaiyang, Lu Yi, Dancheng and the area from the north of Shenqiu to the north of Shaying River is mainly yellow tide soil, accounting for 78% of the city's total land area. Yellow tide soil is divided into three categories: sandy soil, mixed soil and silt.

The sandy soil is loose in texture, good in air permeability, suitable for long farming period and strong in heat absorption and heat dissipation, and is suitable for planting Pulsatilla chinensis, Pinellia ternata, Rhizoma Corydalis, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glehniae, Salvia Miltiorrhizae, Chrysanthemum, Perilla frutescens and Schizonepeta. The composite soil has the characteristics of loose soil, moderate sand viscosity, good plowability and water and fertilizer conservation, and is suitable for the growth of many medicinal materials such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Arisaematis, Coicis Semen, Radix Platycodi, Cortex Lycii, Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Codonopsis and Radix Asparagi.

The silt area of our city is about 2 million mu, with fine soil, good plasticity, strong expansion and contraction and great potential fertility. Suitable for planting medicinal plants with weak soil selectivity, such as Eucommia ulmoides, Lycium barbarum bark, white lentil, melon wilt, Platycodon grandiflorum, Isatis indigotica, Erhua, Peony, etc. Reporter: Zhoukou is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, and has made important contributions to China's agricultural civilization and Chinese medicine civilization.

From ancient times to medieval times to modern times and even now, Chinese medicine, as the essence of oriental civilization, especially Chinese culture, has long existed and developed in the hinterland of the Central Plains. What is the history of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation in Zhoukou 10 county (city, district)? Zhang Shuren: According to historical records, there was a famous man named Zhang Gongyi in Shuanglongji (now Congsang Village, Xixia Town) in Xihua County.

His ninth great-grandson raised 100 mu of seedlings with mulberry seeds and raised silkworms for reeling. A few years later, when mulberry trees were cut down, people found that the root bark of mulberry trees was very different from that of other mulberry trees. The root epidermis is white and the cortex is deep, which is high quality mulberry skin.

There are two kinds of mulberry trees, Rusang and Hu Sang, and the mulberry bark used as medicine is collected from Rusang. So reed mulberry was widely planted here and carefully burned into medicinal materials for the market.

In the heyday of mulberry bark in Xihua County, the annual output reached more than 10,000 kilograms, which were exported to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other places. Foreign drug dealers often come to Xihua County to collect drugs and compete to buy them, which is in short supply.

In the late 1950s, Shanghai Medicinal Materials Company sent people to our city to organize the acquisition, processing and export from Shanghai. It can be seen that the mulberry bark in our city has become famous at home and abroad.

Safflower has been planted in our city, especially in Xihua County. Xihua County has been planting safflower for more than 300 years since the second year of Kangxi (1663). The safflower produced is well-known at home and abroad. Honghua Town in this county was the safflower distribution center in Xihua and Fugou counties at that time, hence the name Honghuaji.

Our city has a history of planting Sophora japonica as early as the Song Dynasty. Sophora japonica was used as medicine in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty.

According to the survey, the planting of Sophora japonica in our city has developed rapidly, and the purchase of Sophora japonica has increased year by year. In addition to supplying the domestic market, it is also exported in large quantities. Chrysanthemum planting in our city was recorded in writing in Qing Dynasty.

1957 to 5000 mu, acquisition160000 kg; 1963 has grown to 50,000 mu, and the purchase volume10.2 million kg has reached a record high. Historically, farmers in our city have the habit and management experience of planting honeysuckle.

Honeysuckle planting does not occupy cultivated land, and it is mostly planted in ditches and courtyards. Every harvest season, people picking flowers and drying flowers can be seen everywhere outside the village, and the silver flowers outside the village are fragrant. 1980 The city's planting area 12000 mu, mostly in Taikang.

Since 1984, the whole city has carried out a relatively complete cultivation technology of honeysuckle, that is, the cultivation of multiple plants in one pier has been changed to single plant cultivation. Through pruning, the production conditions of honeysuckle have been improved, from grape winding to vertical growth of single plant, and the yield of dried flowers has increased from 30 kg to 40 kg to more than 150 kg. According to relevant data, there were wild platycodon grandiflorum resources in our city during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but there was no large-scale cultivation.

1970, Fu.