Is Shanwei Chaoshan?

On the map, Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang and Shanwei in eastern Guangdong are adjacent, with one end corresponding to the other. Many people think Shanwei is Chaoshan. But in fact, in most cases, Shanwei is not Chaoshan!

Let's talk about the origin and development of the word Chaoshan: at the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a place called Chaozhou House (probably Chaozhou+Shantou+Jieyang now, excluding Shanwei now), and people in this corner originally claimed to be Chaozhou (Fu) people.

Then there is a place in Chaozhou called Shantou (not Shantou now, but a very small place in jinping district, Shantou). At that time, Shantou (Shantou Port) was an important port, engaged in trade and prosperous business. Shantou people in Chaozhou Prefecture are called Chaoshan people for short. At that time, a railway from Chaozhou Prefecture to Shantou Port was built, named Chaoshan Railway.

Later, with the economic development of Shantou surpassing other areas of Chaozhou (prefecture), the word Chaoshan took the advantage of Shantou, and the word Chaoshan gradually replaced the word Chaozhou (prefecture). What I am describing here is a fait accompli. Where is Shanwei now (that is, Haifeng County+Lu Fengxian's main jurisdiction at that time)? Just before the founding of Huizhou next door, Shanwei really had little to do with Chaozhou.

Shanwei used to be called Hailufeng, and Chaoshan used to be called Chaozhou (Fu), Hailufeng and Chaozhou. It doesn't matter. What does it matter if you change your name? Just as you insist that Song Zu Ying and Larena are family, they have nothing to do with each other. Song has nothing to do with Sun Fanqing, and there will be no such thing after the name change.

It was not a family before the name change, and it will not become a family because of the name change. Next, we began to discuss. Before you start, you must be clear about the angle of entry, and the answers from different angles are different. We mainly analyze this problem from the perspective of nationalities and regions, so it is necessary to popularize these two words:

Ethnic group: a branch within a nation that has a common or similar language, culture and customs and recognizes each other. Region: refers to a large geographical area, including traditional geographical area and administrative geographical area.

From the perspective of the people, the question is: Are Shanwei people Chaoshan people? Answer: Most of them don't count. From the perspective of administrative divisions, the question is: Is the area under the jurisdiction of Shanwei City Chaoshan? If combined with thousands of years of ancient history, it doesn't count. If we only look at the history of recent decades, it can be counted or not.

Although the name of Guangxi is Zhuang autonomy, the number of Zhuang people is only 30%, and the name is not entirely based on the number of people! Shanwei is a similar situation. The proportion of Chaoshan people is really small, even less than that of Zhuang people in Guangxi.

The name Shanwei is more because Shanwei was once classified as a large administrative regional system (it happens that the main ethnic group in other parts of this region is Chaoshan ethnic group). Don't ask why people of the same nationality must be separated. It is common to mix sand when dividing administrative regions since ancient times. Look at Xuzhou, Hanzhong and so on.

For the Chaoshan people mentioned by everyone in daily life, they should refer to people rather than regions, so it is best not to say that Shanwei belongs to Chaoshan on the premise of taking care of the feelings of the people in the four cities.

The following is a long speech.

First, the articles of the people's department

Language is an important indicator to distinguish ethnic groups. There are many dialects in Shanwei, and Chaoshan dialect is only spoken in some areas near Jieyang. The main popular dialect in Shanwei is Hailufeng dialect (also known as Fulao dialect, Helao dialect and Xuelao dialect), followed by Hakka dialect and Chaoshan dialect. Then even some villages speak vernacular, and there are at least five or six dialects in Shanwei.

I moved a picture from the internet. Hai Lufeng is talking about Zhang Quan movies, not Chaoshan movies. Here is a practical method to distinguish Chaoshan people from Fulao people, which is effective in most cases: if you look at the pronunciation of the word "you" in the dialect, you must be Fulao people. In other cases, Le (music) and Lu (sound) should be Chaoshan people.

There is another historical fact here, but it is not used as evidence for the time being: most of the ancestors of Chaoshan in the Northern Song Dynasty came from Putian, while some ancestors of Shanwei Hailufeng came from Zhangzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so a very interesting situation appeared. Shanwei (Hailufeng) and Zhangzhou are not geographically adjacent, separated by Chaoshan, but in dialect, Fulao dialect is more like Minnan dialect than Chaoshan dialect.

In terms of customs and culture, Shanwei is also different from Chaoshan. At present, there are many ethnic groups in Shanwei, and the number of Hakkas in the second place is obviously different from that in Chaoshan, so I won't make an in-depth analysis here. The following analysis accounts for the vast majority of the rich and old people.

Although there are many similarities between them (such as going out to the garden, singing English songs and worshipping culture), there are also differences. Here are a few simple examples:

Diet: Although everyone has a taste culture, a closer look reveals great differences. Taste juice is unique to Chaoshan, and the most famous dish in Hailufeng is not common in other three cities.

Folk activities: Although there are wandering activities, the camp owner is unique to Chaoshan, and Taiping Qingyi is unique to Hailufeng. Wandering god is a very big concept, and there are such activities in many areas at home and abroad. Master Ying is a subclass of fugue. The activities of wandering gods in other areas are different from those of Master Ying in terms of activity name, time, process, place, diet, etc.).

In traditional opera, Chaoshan people listen to Chaozhou opera and Shanwei people listen to Bai Zixi (just kidding, Chaozhou opera is orthodox in Zhaoan, Fujian, just like authentic Anhui beef noodles can only be found in Hebei).

Sacrificial culture: Chaoshan people worship Han Yu and Han Wengong. When Han Yu arrived in Chaozhou, the ancestors of Shanwei people had not moved to Fujian, so Shanwei people did not worship Han Yu.

Throughout the ages, sacrificial culture has occupied a very important position and often has a veto power. Although there are many similarities between the two, there are differences in sacrificial culture! For example, I set up a monument to Hanyu Temple, and you don't like it? Then we're not on the same team. It is useless to get close to other customs and cultural languages. Let's go our separate ways.

For an extreme example, it is easy for everyone to understand. Just like Shiites and Sunnis in Islam, they come from two factions, and their language, diet and clothing may be exactly the same. If you only rely on these factors, you can say that they are a good family, and they will definitely think you are a little cute.

When we discuss ethnic groups, we mainly look at language, culture and customs, and also consider the mutual recognition between ethnic groups. I found that most people in four cities think that Shanwei is not Chaoshan, but many foreigners think that Shanwei is Chaoshan. I joked that my own affairs are of course my own decisions, and outsiders' opinions don't count.

Nearly two thousand people from these four cities took part in the survey. Among them, 77% of Shanwei people think that Shanwei is not Chaoshan, 84% of the people in the three cities think that Shanwei is not Chaoshan, and most of the people who participated in the survey do not agree. Generally speaking, the composition of Shanwei people is more complicated, with the Fulao people being the most, the Hakka people being the second, and the Chaoshan people being the minority.

Second, the regional chapter.

The concept of Chaoshan originated from Chaozhou Prefecture (Yi 'an County in Sui Dynasty and Chaozhou Road in Yuan Dynasty), which was the name of the administrative region from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. It should be noted that this Chaozhou city is much larger than the current Chaozhou city, mainly including Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang and some surrounding areas. Moreover, Shanwei city is more often under the jurisdiction of Huizhou government and has nothing to do with Chaozhou government.

From Chaozhou to Chaoshan, we should start from the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty of 1860. At that time, a port called Shantou was opened in Chaozhou prefecture. With the increasing influence of this port, Chaoshan began to replace Chaozhou.

Let's take a look at the historical map of Chaozhou Prefecture. During the 1000 years from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Shanwei was not within the jurisdiction of Chaozhou government for most of the time, and Shanwei was not a Chaoshan area in the traditional sense.

Let's talk about the situation after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Shanwei has been affiliated to Shantou Special Zone for about 20 years. This Shantou Special Zone not only includes today's Shantou City, but also includes parts of Meizhou, Shanwei, Jieyang, Chaozhou and Heyuan at the largest time.

Judging from the administrative divisions after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it is not wrong to say that Shanwei belongs to Chaoshan. Some news reports often use the concept of Chaoshan four cities, but it should be noted that this statement is not commonly used in daily life, and it is difficult to hold water from another angle.

Third, there are four main reasons why many people mistakenly think that Shanwei (people) is Chaoshan (people).

1. For a period of time after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the area under the jurisdiction of Shanwei City was under the jurisdiction of Shantou Special Zone.

Some people will say that in the early days of the People's Republic of China, Hailufeng was under the jurisdiction of Shantou District, and Shanwei was definitely Chaoshan! This logic is very touching! For example, if you go on a business trip these days and leave your son with your neighbors for a few days, you can't suddenly become someone else's son. In China for thousands of years, Hai Lufeng of Huizhou Prefecture did not belong to the neighboring Chaozhou Prefecture for most of the time, that is, he lived in a neighbor's house for a period of time after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

There is a word "Shantou" in Shanwei-this is highly confusing.

When the city was set up, there happened to be a small town called Shanwei, so the name of this town was put on the market, which coincides with Shantou, so many people will think that one end is Chaoshan, but there is no connection between the two ends. Shanwei, the famous mountain plum, has no corresponding relationship with Shantou, and there is no corresponding relationship between head and tail.

They have some similarities in language, customs and culture.

There are some similarities in language, customs and culture between the two. Many people (including some Shanwei people and Chaoshan people) easily confuse the two, and then think that Shanwei is Chaoshan. We should look at the clan in an all-round way, not just look at the similarities and ignore the differences. Moreover, don't ignore the one-vote veto of sacrificial culture.

This paper focuses on the introduction of the next dialect. Fulao dialect and Chaoshan dialect are two parallel dialects and two branches of Minnan dialect. Hailufeng and Fujian and Taiwan are both blue Zhang Quan films, and Chaoshan is Chaoshan film. Objectively speaking, Fulao dialect in Hailufeng is closer to Minnan dialect than Chaoshan dialect, so shouldn't Shanwei be included in Minnan? This is obviously unreasonable!

4. The misleading of various encyclopedias.

There are many Baidu entries in Chaoshan area, Chaoshan dialect, Fulao dialect and so on. All deviate from the truth. Among them, the Baidu entry in this Chaoshan area has been edited more than 800 times. As can be seen from the version history, Shanwei has been repeatedly moved out and moved in in the past decade. What's more interesting is that Shanwei, not Chaoshan, is the most commented item in Chaoshan area.

There is a joke in the debate circle that changing Baidu Encyclopedia is an essential job before the game. It can be seen that this thing is not authoritative, and individuals can submit changes.

Sogou encyclopedia was also edited on 20 19. Prior to this, there was no Shanwei in Chaoshan area of Sogou Encyclopedia. At present, Wikipedia has not fallen, and it is estimated that people who change the entry do not know how to get on Wikipedia.

Four. About Guangdong Yearbook

Some people like to say 20 18 Guangdong Yearbook of Guangdong Provincial People's Government. I can only say that the editorial board is more about editing, and it is impossible to study everything thoroughly. You'd better read it with your own understanding.

There are three ethnic groups in official website, Guangdong Provincial People's Government. This material shows that Chaoshan ethnic groups are mainly distributed in Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shanwei. Having written so much before, it is obvious that Shanwei is not the main distribution area of Chaoshan people.

Say two more points to show that this material is not rigorous:

1, please take a look at the Guangfu ethnic group in the material, which mentions southwest Guangdong, but the problem is that Zhanjiang in southwest Guangdong has little relationship with Guangfu ethnic group. As we all know, Zhanjiang people are mainly Leizhou people. It should be clear that they speak Leizhou dialect.

2. say a little more. Let's take a look at the Guangfu people's department. The Guangfu clan here did not mention Zhuhai, but actually expelled Zhuhai from the Guangfu clan.

With a little brains, we can find that there are many loopholes in the overview of the three major ethnic groups, and the loopholes are very obvious. On the website of Shanwei Municipal People's Government, we can see that the main dialect in Shanwei is Fulao dialect, and the distribution area and population of each dialect are also introduced in detail.

Official website, the People's Government of Guangdong Province, also introduced the language. This material only mentions Chaoshan Leizhou dialect in Fujian dialect, linking Chaoshan dialect with Shanwei dialect, and does not mention Fulao dialect at all. In the introduction of Chaoshan films in Min dialect, Shantou, Chenghai, South Australia and Chaoyang are juxtaposed.

These four things are not juxtaposed but included. Chenghai, South Australia and Chaoyang are all part of Shantou. For another example, according to this logic, Mandarin is mainly popular in China. See the problem? Put different levels of things together).

In the face of such low-level mistakes, it is hard for us not to question the professionalism of this material. In contrast, the content published on the website of Shanwei Municipal People's Government looks more substantial and credible.

Finally, it is necessary to give a few examples. For example, there are many Hakkas in Jiexi County under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City in Chaoshan area, and there are also Chaoshan people in Fengshun County under the jurisdiction of Meizhou City, with a strong Hakka flavor. Ethnic groups and regions do not correspond completely. There are always exceptions to everything, and we must not generalize.