Who built the Forbidden City (who was the first emperor of the Forbidden City)?

The Forbidden City in Beijing was built in an all-round way by the Ming Emperor Judy in A.D. 1406. It is located in the south of the Metropolitan Palace in the Yuan Dynasty. However, the Forbidden City in Beijing was not built on the basis of the Metropolitan Palace in the Yuan Dynasty, and the palaces and walls were rebuilt. The designer is an unknown monk in Tanzhe Temple.

The Forbidden City was officially completed in 1420. From 1420 to191year, the Qing emperor abdicated, and the Sun emperor moved out of the Forbidden City in 1924, where 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties once lived. Puyi was the last emperor.

I. Ming Dynasty

In A.D. 1403, Judy issued a decree to change Beiping to Beijing. From the first year of Yongle to the third year, people were ordered to move to Beijing from all over the country many times. In July of the fifth year of Yongle, Judy began to build the Forbidden City by imperial edict. The construction project was presided over by Hou Chen of Taining, Wu Zhong, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, Zhang Sigong, assistant minister of the Ministry of Punishment, and an unknown monk of Tanzhe Temple.

In May of the fifth year of Yongle, a large number of northern craftsmen, including some southern craftsmen, such as stonemason Lv Xiang and bricklayer Yang Qing, came to Beijing.

The construction of the Forbidden City and the transformation of Beijing were carried out at the same time, based on the original Yuan capital. Shortly after the construction of the Forbidden City, it was slowed down by the construction of Changling in the eighth and eleventh years of Yongle and Judy's attack on Mongolia, and it was not until June of the sixteenth year of Yongle that concentrated construction resumed.

This time, under the overall arrangement, a large number of outstanding northern craftsmen and some southern craftsmen, such as Kuai Xiang, stonemason Lv Xiang and bricklayer Yang Qing, made prefabricated parts together and stepped up assembly.

1420 1 1 Before the Forbidden City was built, Judy officially announced that Beijing would be his capital. The Forbidden City was completed in1February. On the first day of the first month in A.D. 142 1, the Ming Dynasty moved its capital, and Judy held a special celebration in the Forbidden City. Lightning struck fire in May, and the last three halls were burned down.

1440, the first three halls and Gan Qing Palace were rebuilt. 1459, Xiyuan was built. 1557, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, and the first three halls, Fengtianmen, Wuwenlou and Wumen were all burned down. It was not until 156 1 that it was completely rebuilt. 1597, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, which destroyed the first three halls and the last three palaces. The renovation project was not completed until 1627.

Second, the Qing dynasty

1644, Li Zicheng army captured Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty perished. Before Li Zicheng retreated to Shaanxi, he burned down the Forbidden City. Except for Wuying Hall, Jianji Hall, Huaying Hall, Nanxun Hall, and the surrounding turrets and royal doors, all other buildings were destroyed. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty went to Beijing, taking Yumen as his permanent residence, and Jianji Temple, which was not burned, was used as the emperor shunzhi's palace. Regent Dourgen works in Wuying Hall.

From the first year of Shunzhi to the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, the Wumen Temple, Tiananmen Square and the original three halls in the outer court were rebuilt, and Yu Wei Palace was restored to the Jianji Temple, renamed Baohe Hall, and Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace in the inner court were built, Zhongcui Palace and Chenggan Palace in the east road, Ren Jing Palace in the west road, Palace of Gathered Elegance Palace, Yikun Palace and Yongshou Palace in the west road, as well as Cining Palace and Fengxian Palace. Kangxi rebuilt Duanmen in six years.

1683, the reconstruction of the remaining destroyed buildings in the Forbidden City began, and it was basically completed in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi.

During this period, Wenhua Palace and Chuanxin Palace were built for banquets, Xian 'an Palace and Ningshou Palace where Empress Dowager Cixi lived, Jingyang Palace, Yonghe Palace, Yanqi Palace, Xianfu Palace, Changchun Palace Palace and Qixiang Palace where concubines lived, Wugan East Palace and Wugan West Palace where the Prince lived, and Fangjian Palace, Yuqing Palace Palace, Shangyuan Palace and Jianshe Office.

1735, Emperor Qianlong of the Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne, and the Forbidden City was built and rebuilt on a large scale in the next 60 years. During the five to seven years of Qianlong reign, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty changed the second Ganxi Courtyard where he lived into China Palace, and built Fu Jian Palace, Shou 'an Palace, Yuhua Pavilion and other buildings on its west road.

From thirty-seven to forty-two years, Qianlong spent10.302 million silver to rebuild the Imperial Palace, Ningshou Palace, hall of mental cultivation, Leshou Hall and Qianlong Garden as the residence of Emperor Taizong in his later years. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, in order to prepare for the collection of Sikuquanshu, Wenyuan Pavilion was built in the north of Wenhua Hall.

18 13 years, Lin Qing, a believer from China, led his congregation to attack the Forbidden City.

1886, a fire broke out in the guard's duty room of Taihe Gate. Due to the imperfect fire-fighting facilities, the fire burned for two days, and the earthquake gate, Taihe gate and Zhaode Hall were all burned. The damage was not repaired until the twentieth year of Guangxu.

build

The Forbidden City in Beijing is 96 1 m long from north to south and 753 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 725,000 square meters. It is surrounded by city walls and protected by moats. There are four doors: Wumen in the south, Donghua in the east, Xihua in the west and Xuanwu in the north. Now Shenwumen is the main entrance of the Palace Museum. The wall is 9.9 meters high and 8.26 meters thick.

There were more than 630 temples 1 in the early Ming Dynasty, and 1 in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, with about 263 existing temples1. The style drawings of the palaces in the Forbidden City are meticulous to the inch. From Kangxi to the early Republic of China, the Lei family measured and collected drawings from generation to generation.

According to legend, there are 9999 half houses in the Forbidden City. In fact, according to the expert field survey of 1973, the Forbidden City has more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses, accounting for 8704 rooms. This "room" is not the concept of room today. The "room" here refers to the space formed by four pillars.

The initial construction of the Forbidden City involved 230,000 craftsmen and millions of migrant workers, which lasted 15 years.

Who was the first emperor of the Forbidden City?

Judy was the founder of the Ming Dynasty, because the Forbidden City was built during Judy's time. Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital and Judy moved to Beijing.

Why did Judy build the Forbidden City?

In the first year of Yongle, the capital of Ming Dynasty was in present-day Nanjing, China. Judy and his old men are familiar with Beiping and are full of affection for this place. On the thirteenth day of the first month of Yongle, Judy returned to the palace after offering sacrifices to heaven and earth according to her ancestors. Li Zhigang, the minister of rites, suggested that Beiping be designated as Kyoto. Judy agreed happily and promoted Beiping to Beijing, becoming the second Kyoto of the dynasty.

First of all, Judy killed many of his old ministers, which is very disturbing. In addition, when he invaded Nanjing, his nephew Wen Jian mysteriously disappeared in a fire, and his life and death were unknown. However, many historians of later generations believe that it was not the Emperor Wen Jian himself who was buried at that time. The real emperor Wen Jian has probably fled to the outside. This incident has also become Judy's biggest concern.

One day in court, Judy was almost assassinated by Jing Qing. Later, Judy often had nightmares in Nanjing. He began to miss his hometown Beijing more strongly. So he began to plan to move to Beijing. He once suggested moving the capital, but met with fierce opposition from ministers. Later, he began to make systematic and meticulous preparations for the circuitous and secret move of the capital.

Extended data:

At the beginning of Judy's plan to move to Beijing, his wife, Queen Xu, passed away. The mausoleum should have been built in Nanjing, but Judy quietly sent a minister and a feng shui gentleman to Beijing to find Ji Jean to build the mausoleum.

Two years later, more than 20 miles north of Changping, Judy issued a decree that this circle was a restricted area in the mausoleum area. This is the Ming Tombs today. With the death of Queen Xu, ministers realized that this was a signal for the emperor to move the capital.

Later, some ministers in Nanjing began to humble themselves and directly opposed the secret of Ming Chengzu's move to the capital. And they have all been downgraded. Later, ministers strongly demanded that the first capital of the Ming Dynasty be located in Beijing. Judy's wish to move to the capital for many years has finally come true. Historians of later generations believe that this decision means that the political center of China began to move northward, and the geopolitics of China has changed since then.

Why didn't the Japanese bomb the Forbidden City?

The Japanese army pursuing the "Three Lights" policy has an absolutely special attitude towards the Forbidden City and Confucius Temple in China, which is in sharp contrast with the Forbidden City in South Korea. Most of the buildings in Gyeongbokgung Palace in South Korea were demolished in large quantities during the Japanese invasion as an insult. The Forbidden City complex we saw today was later restored by Koreans and has lost most of its historical value.

There are many reasons why the Japanese didn't attack the Forbidden City. Mainly to stabilize the mood of the domestic people at that time. In China, the Forbidden City is a symbol of the royal family and national dignity. If vandalism is wanton, it will be met with fierce resistance from all over China. Although the Japanese invaders can be suppressed by violence, their ultimate goal is to achieve a smooth transition and control China by themselves, so they don't want to cause any more trouble. In addition, when Japan invaded Beijing, there was not much resistance, so it would not treat Beijing like killing Nanjing compatriots and destroying Nanjing historical sites.

Besides worrying about the attitude of the people all over the country, there is also the need to consider Puyi's mood. After all, the puppet Manchukuo and Puyi supported by Japan at that time were cooperative. Although Puyi had no power at that time, she had a special position and was of great use to Japan. In addition, protecting the Forbidden City is an excuse for big traitors to betray their country.

Moreover, Japanese historians are also trying to dissuade the Japanese army from wantonly destroying the Forbidden City, for fear that the Japanese army's destruction of the Forbidden City will cause strong condemnation from all walks of life in the world, and the Japanese's own so-called Greater East Asia * * * glory circle theory will not be rounded up. Most of Japanese culture comes from China. Influenced by China culture for many years, they have a deep sense of belonging to China culture. In contemporary Japan, there are still several wooden buildings imitating the Tang style, so it is normal to treat the Forbidden City in China with courtesy.

Another point is that the Japanese at that time were full of confidence in the full occupation of China. They think that the Forbidden City will be in their pocket sooner or later, and even intend to transform it into a place where future emperors will live and work. When they see the majestic Forbidden City, they have regarded it as their own property, and of course they will not destroy it at will. Moreover, the Forbidden City at that time was almost an empty city, and most of its cultural relics had been transferred by Chiang Kai-shek. As early as after the September 18th Incident, the cultural relics of the Forbidden City were transported to Nanjing in batches. Later, before the fall of Nanjing, these cultural relics were transferred to Chongqing and Sichuan. Even when Chiang Kai-shek went to Taiwan Province Province, he took these cultural relics with him.

Panoramic model of Yuanmingyuan sand table

Panoramic sand table of Yuanmingyuan Panoramic model exhibition hall in the heyday of Yuanmingyuan is located in Yuanmingyuan, and you need to buy tickets to enter. The whole sand table occupies about 90% of the exhibition area, but the center of the sand table can't be watched carefully, and the whole building is a bit crude. There is also a canteen in the exhibition hall, and the scenery on the lake is also good here. The sand table will light up every once in a while. The sand table can only be visited around, which is a bit like the architectural model of the sales office. It is recommended to look at this exhibition carefully. The content is rough, so it is impossible to interact at close range, and it is not very good to take photos and punch cards. If you don't buy the whole ticket, you need to buy an extra ticket. You can buy tickets by scanning the code at the door.