Which dynasty did Yuan Mu belong to?

Who's Yuan Mu? Which dynasty did he come from? The following is the Yuan Mu Dynasty I compiled. Welcome to reading.

Which dynasty did Yuan Mu belong to?

Qing dynasty.

Brief introduction of Yuan Mei

Yuan Mei (17 16- 1797), whose name is Zi Cai, is Jian Zhai and Mr. Suiyuan. In his later years, he became a layman in Cangshan, a poet and poetic critic in Qing Dynasty. Qiantang, Zhejiang. He was a scholar during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and his talents were outstanding, and his poems were the first in the south of the Yangtze River. He and (editor-in-chief of Qing-Gan-Si Long -Ku) are called "Southern Yuan and Northern Hebei".

Yuan Mei was one of the representative poets in Ganjia period. Together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, they are called "the three great poets of Qianlong". Jishi Shu, a scholar in Qianlong four years (1739), was awarded to the academician courtyard.

After seven years of transfer, he became an official. He used to be a magistrate in Jiangning and Shangyuan, with a good political voice, and was properly appreciated by Governor Yin Jishan. At the age of 33, his father died, resigned and adopted his mother. He bought Sui Abandoned Garden in Jiangning (Nanjing) and renamed it Suiyuan. He built a house and settled down, which was called Suiyuan in history.

He was famous for his attitude, behavior and unique style all his life. He once claimed that "Kong Zhengmen didn't look back, and Zhu Cheng was lazy." He likes songs, lust, money, travel, making friends, flowers, birds and stones, and doesn't want to "be a slave to big officials." After Jiangning (now Nanjing) was ordered to build a garden, he thought, "Let me be here, that is, in January;" If I live here, the day will be over. " So, I resigned from my official position and "one official changed the garden."

Since then, he has lived a leisurely life here for nearly 50 years, engaged in poetry and prose writing, compiled "Poetry Talk" to find talents, and won prizes and awards, which was admired by the poetry circles at that time. At the age of 24, Yuan Mei took part in the imperial examination. The exam question is "endowed with jade pendant jingling in the wind". There is a quip in the poem that "if people are in doubt, every other day is like a river." However, the presidents believe that "the language involved is not Zhuang, and they will be placed in Sun Shan". Fortunately, Governor Yin Jishan stepped forward and avoided falling out of the list.

His works include "Xiao Cang Shan Wu Ji"; And Garden Poems (16) and Addendum (10); Meridian Jade (24 volumes) and empty word Jade (10/0); Suiyuan menu 1 volume; There are more than 30 kinds of essays, letters, and menus accompanying the garden. The masterpiece of prose "Salute to Sister" is sincere and has a long history. Classical Chinese critics compare it with Han Yu's Ode to Twelve Lang in Tang Dynasty.

Yuan Mei advocated "the theory of spiritual nature". He advocates that a person should write his own personality when writing poems, and thinks that "from 300 poems to today, the people who preach poems are spiritual, regardless of piling up". Advocate to express one's mind directly and write one's own "temperament experience". It advocates the combination of "spirit" and "knowledge", takes temperament, intelligence and education as the creative basis, and takes "truth, novelty and liveliness" as the creative pursuit, thus combining innate conditions with acquired efforts to create good products, and holds that "poetry is written with a pen, such as beauty's hair, skin and smile, which are innate; Poetry and fu are used, such as beauty's clothes and jewelry, the day after tomorrow. " It advocates that literature should evolve and have the characteristics of the times, and opposes Tang Zong and Song. He ridiculed the verve school as "poor and arrogant", the style school as "puppet show", the texture school as "bone shop" and the Zongsong school as "begging for people to move". He also opposed Shen Deqian's theory of "gentleness and gentleness" and thought that "Confucius' theory of poetry is credible and" interesting and resentful "; If you don't keep your word, you will be' gentle and honest'. "It is advocated that parallel prose and prose should be paid equal attention to, and parallel prose and prose, like the parity in nature, should not be neglected. The relationship between the same source and different current, the coexistence of two peaks and the diversion of two waters. Poetry is fresh and meaningful, flowing freely. Landscape poetry is elegant and exquisite. Yuan Mei's literary thought has the viewpoint of development, which has impacted the feudal orthodox literary view and formalism. In addition, he emphasized the existence value of parallel prose as American literature, which has certain positive significance. However, most of his poems are about trivial matters around him, full of romantic ballads and lacking social content, and some of them are often flashy or even superficial.

Yuan Mu Suiyuan

Yuan Mei, a famous scholar and gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty, is the leader of the "spiritual school" in poetry. His word is only talented, and his name is Jane Zhai, a Cangshan layman, a master with fate, and an old man with fate. Kangxi was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the fifty-fifth year (17 16), and was admitted as a scholar in Qianlong for four years (1739). He was awarded the imperial academy Jishi Shu and began to enter the official career. Three years later, he left Beijing and went to Shuyang (now Jiangsu) and Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) as a magistrate. Yuan Mei is honest and kind, and has a good reputation for being an official and diligent in governing the country. However, there were many constraints and deep-rooted bad habits in feudal officialdom. So, for an intellectual official like him, who can he talk to about the "contradictions, troubles and pains" in his inner world in officialdom?

In the winter of the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), he resigned and returned home, finally leaving the officialdom full of right and wrong. He was an official in Jinling, the ancient capital, and loved the beautiful scenery and humanistic atmosphere of the local mountains and rivers. So he wove Sui Hede's garden in Jiangning, at the foot of Xiaocang Mountain (now Wutai Mountain) in the city, and took the "Three Hundred Gold" for himself (Yuan Mei's "With the Garden"). According to legend, the former site of the park is Wu's garden, a private villa where Wu, a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, lived in Jinling. Cao Fu, the father of Cao Xueqin, the author of the literary masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions, later bought it and rebuilt it. Later, due to Cao Jia's conviction, the park was confiscated by Yongzheng court and allocated to Sui Hede, the successor of Jiangning Weaving.

When Yuan Mei took over the garden, "the garden was oblique and decadent, and its room was a restaurant, and the terrace was embarrassing. Many birds were tired of it and refused to squat. Hundreds of flowers wither, and the spring breeze is inexhaustible "(Yuan Mei's Garden Notes), showing a scene of desolation and decline. He carefully planned the renovation and renamed it "Suiyuan" (meaning to let nature take its course and be happy with it). After Yuan Mei's careful care, the environment of the park has become more beautiful and quiet, and the scenery is very charming. These are described in Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Ji" and other related documents. Later, he wrote in Poems with the Garden: "A Dream of Red Mansions was written to commemorate the prosperity of the romantic moon. Among them is the so-called Grand View Garden, that is, I am accompanying the garden. "

Yuan Mei resigned and retired and lived in the park for nearly 50 years. He cultivated himself and enjoyed himself, and the garden became a poetic dwelling place in his heart. "Nothing is reassuring; Insufficiency is really a good cure "(Yuan Mei's self-titled Personal Reading Association). It can also be known from the related poems and classics of literati in past dynasties that Suiyuan has more than 20 beautiful scenery, such as Jinshi Zang, Returning Home, Xiaomianzhai, Junshan, Xiangxuehai, Qunyushantou, Lvxiaoge, Liugu, Peony Rock, Lotus Pond, Shuanghu, Duqueqiao and Chengbiquan. Yuan Mei Xiao Cang Shan Wu hangs couplets. "There are mountains and mountains here, and Maolin xiuzhu; Is to be able to read the Three Tombs and Five Classics, eight banners and nine hills "(Yuan Mei's Suiyuan Map, also known as Suiyuan Map), which seems to be a wonderful move. At that time, some literati and poets often came here to meet Yuan Mei to set off their mood. There are many poems sung by people in the past in Suiyuan, which are well-known and well-known. After the park was restored, it was once a scenic spot in the ancient capital. In the past, on fine spring and autumn days, there was an endless stream of tourists. Therefore, it is recorded in Chen Yi's Annals of Jinling Gardens in the Republic of China: "There are more than 100,000 tourists in its heyday because there are flowers everywhere in the Four Seasons Garden, which is beneficial to insects and birds, rain and snow scenery ..." (Chen Yi's Annals of Jinling Gardens in the Republic of China)

In his later years, when Yuan Mei lived in Suiyuan, he sometimes went out to travel, and many things he saw, heard and felt remained in his pen. Yuan Mei is a man of many talents. He has created a collection of Kokura Hills, Poems with the Garden, New Qi Xie and Menu with the Garden all his life, which has a great influence on literature and art, criticism, aesthetics and diet. Together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, they are known as the "Three Masters of Jiangyou" in Qianlong period, which is praised by later generations. Living in the garden, Yuan Mei lives a leisurely life, which is really meaningful. If he continues to mix in the officialdom, perhaps there will be a lack of an outstanding literary genius in China's cultural history.

On November 17th, the second year of Jiaqing, Yuan Mei, who was eighty-two, died in Jinling (Preface to the Epitaph of Yuan Suiyuan, Volume XIII of Yao Nai's Poems), and he died in the garden. The people of Sri Lanka have passed away. They are still with the garden. Later, with the vicissitudes of life, they gradually lost. During Tianjing (now Nanjing), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Suiyuan, which covers an area of more than 220 mu, was reclaimed as a field, and Jinling, a famous private garden, finally did not exist in the world. In the past literature, the author saw many historical pictures reflecting gardens. In addition to Yuan Mei's contemporary painters who painted the garden (now in Tongji University, see "On the Garden" edited by Zhang), Yuan Mei Sun, later, based on history and memory, painted the garden, making the beauty of this famous garden reappear in front of the world.

We silently read Yuan Qi's Painting with the Garden, but we found the pavilions and pavilions in the garden in the past dynasties, built according to the mountain, with small bridges and flowing water, winding paths leading to secluded places, lush flowers and trees, beautiful habitation and unique style. Take a leisurely stroll around the South Tower, open the window to indulge yourself, and feel the wind from all directions: Zhongshan, Jiming Mountain, Liang Qing, Wang Si, Lulongshan, Mochou Lake, Xuanwu Lake, Yecheng, Chang Gan Tower, Yuhuatai ... All the scenic spots in Jinling are panoramic, which makes people intoxicated with the fun of mountains and enjoy the tranquility of nymphs. Another feature of the garden is that it is not built on the wall, but deeply integrated into Shan Ye. There are hundreds of acres of paddy fields and vegetable fields in the attached garden, and the scenery of the four seasons changes, which sets each other off and is quite idyllic. In addition to Yuan Qi's inscription on the left, Suiyuan Map is also engraved on the right. Tongzhi Ugly (that is, Tongzhi for four years, 1865) was written by Yuan Qi in mid-spring. Yuan Qi also described the spring scenery in the garden in "With the Garden": "When entering the courtyard, four tung trees were set up in a corner. East room, three rows of rafts, full garden ... "

Finally, it is worth mentioning that the author of Suiyuan Tu, whose real name is Zhu Jue (a work called Qi), has inherited the family law since childhood, studied painting with his father Yuan Xuan, and is especially good at small landscapes. In his painting creation, he used the technique of "sketching" from the perspective of overlooking (one of the expression techniques of Chinese painting, that is, carefully depicting the painted image with ink lines without color), carefully composing the composition, meticulously writing, and depicting the beautiful scenery of the past gardens in the way of painting narration. "Let the crane fly to find the tourists from the three islands, and let anyone see the flowers at four o'clock" (Yuan Mei wrote a couplet with the garden). Now when people appreciate this picture scroll, it seems that they can still feel the birds and flowers in their hometown and the songs of literati.