A large gathering near Jining

Jining is the most concentrated place of canal folk customs. At that time, there was a lively temple fair in front of Cideng Temple. In spring, Lord Huang Cheng went on patrol, and in the summer flood season, the little dragon king was welcomed. On Lv Dongbin's birthday, the fireworks in Lu Gongtang were in full bloom. Every Spring Festival, dragon lanterns, dry boats, stilts, yangko and lion dances come and go in an endless stream. There are also perennial fishing drums, cross talk, quick books, tricks, qigong and martial arts, all of which show their magical powers.

What needs special mention here is the small earth mountain (now People's Park) in Jining. Xiaotushan is located at the foot of the southeast wall of Jining Old Town. This is a big mound dug during canal dredging. It is a traditional public amusement park in Jining. It is very famous in southwest Shandong, and its industries are as noisy as Beijing Tianqiao and Nanjing Confucius Temple.

On this 60-acre land, there are four theaters: Fengchun, Shutong Caoting, Changchun and Happy Stage. Almost all dozens of teahouses have bookstores, among which "Sihaichun" and "Yuxianting" are advertised as "making friends with martial arts" and often organize martial arts performances for people to watch. In addition to entering the teahouse, there are booths for rent, and some well-funded famous artists set up their own booths.

There are many kinds of Qupai, including drum, dulcimer, fishing drum, storytelling, fishing drum pendant, Shandong gong, wooden drum, Linger tune, Pingdiao, Shandong Yin Qing, Sanxian storytelling and so on. As for cross talk, magic, Wu Laoer (now Shandong Kuaishu) and duet, brick splitting, weight lifting, wrestling, iron ball swallowing and so on.

A variety of lower-level industries with a voracious education gather in Xiaotushan, singing and selling clothes, cooking plasters, repairing watches, pulling teeth, welding pots, mending pots, fortune telling, finger painting, playing chess, Dot mole, pedicure, lottery, betting and pushing Pai Jiu, all of which are buzzing.

As the Spring Festival approaches, Xiaotushan is more crowded and noisy, and people from all walks of life compete for territory. Those who pull foreign films, walk with monkeys (puppets), play with monkeys, play with bears and make rings all have to fight for a venue, and some even sell toys. Fireworks, wooden knives, beards, swords, hammers, rats, poodles, clay dolls, paper flowers, colored lights, New Year pictures and kites have wrapped a small earthen mountain in various colors. There are also people who sell glazed mussels, glass-sized ones, play with gyroscopes, hang lanterns and set off fireworks, and blow up a small earthen mountain like a mercury oil pan. In the old days, there was a saying in Jining: "When you look east from the south gate, you can't fool anyone except eating and drinking", which refers to Xiaotushan.

There are many industries here, but counterfeiting and cheating are also mixed, so the most affordable is the catering industry. Xiaotushan's diet is mostly low-grade snacks, crowded stalls, shuttling vendors, and the aroma is overflowing, which makes people drool.

There are jiaozi, dough twists, pot stickers, vegetable boxes, fried dumplings, hot and sour soup, bean curd, beef offal liver soup, wonton, porridge and mutton soup in the booth. There are braised pork, chicken offal, boiled peanuts, spiced peanuts, dried broad beans, broad bean noodles, rotten fish, dried tofu, and even baskets. On the small earthen mountain in Jining, the mat shed and curtain are shoulder to shoulder, and the wooden frame of the earthen platform is staggered and crowded, and the hawking and cheering are rampant, which reflects the century-old customs of Jining.

Since the birth of Confucius in 2555, his descendants have spread all over the world. According to the statistics of relevant departments, more than 4 million people, 1 1, have settled in Qufu.

Historically, Confucius' direct grandson lived in the Confucius House in Qufu. In the Song Dynasty, Song Renzong ordered the title of Kong Zongyuan, the forty-sixth generation grandson, to be changed from Wenxuangong to Duke of Feast, which was replaced by heredity, and officially built the Duke of Feast House (Confucius House). The title of Duke of Feast was passed from the 46th generation of Kong Zongyuan to the 77th generation of Kong Decheng, which lasted for 3 1 generation and lasted for nearly a thousand years.

Kong Decheng's father, the last Duke's Feast, and Kong Lingyi, the 76th Duke's Feast, lost his father when he was a child. He is an only child and has no brothers or sisters. He was knighted at the age of 5 and died in 19 19 at the age of 48.

Kong Lingyi has two daughters and one son, namely the 77th generation grandson: the eldest daughter Kong Deqi (died young); The second daughter Kong Demao is now in Beijing; Kong Decheng, now Taiwan Province Province, was born to a mother. Kong Decheng, a posthumous child, was knighted 100 days later. Kong Decheng and his sister Kong Demao lived in Confucius' home, went to school together and grew up in Confucius' parents together. After Kong Demao got married in Beijing, Kong Decheng went to Chongqing on the eve of the July 7th Incident.

From Confucius to Kong Decheng, only three of the 77 generations of direct grandchildren left their hometown Qufu. First, Confucius, the eighth generation, heard that Qin Shihuang was going to Qufu to burn books and bury Confucianism. He hid his ancestral scriptures in a leather wall overnight and went to Songshan alone to join the Chen Sheng Rebel Army, where he was honored as a military adviser. Later, he died in the army. Second, the 48th generation Kong Duanyou was ordered to move south with the Northern Song Emperor and settle in Quzhou, Zhejiang. Jin Taizong named Kong Duanyou's younger brother Kong Duancao as the Duke of Feast, divided into two cases, North and South, 100 years.

After the Yuan Dynasty unified China, Yuan Shizu thought that there should be only one feast duke, and Kong Zhu, the Southern Zong, gave his title to Kong Zhi, the Northern Zong. Later, it was changed to Dr. Jason Wu of the Imperial Academy, and he was hereditary for more than 400 years. Third, the 77th generation of Kong Decheng suffered a national disaster and was not used by the enemy. He left his ancestral home with a thousand years of history and moved to the rear area. When he passed by Wuhan, he published an anti-Japanese declaration in the newspaper. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Kong Decheng moved the capital from Chongqing to Nanjing with the then central government, and lived in the official residence of Nanjing with her sister Kong Demao and her children. However, due to the changes in the current situation, the two sides of the strait have been separated for decades. Finally, the day came and brother and sister were reunited.

The descendants of Confucius must be named according to their word generation, otherwise they are not allowed to enter the genealogy. The word Dai was first written by Zhu Yuanzhang, the great emperor of the Ming Dynasty, with the word 10, and later by Emperor Chongzhen and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty with the word 10. During the period of the Republic of China, the 76th Duke Feast and Kong Lingyi renewed 20 words and submitted them to the Beiyang government for approval. The Beiyang government ordered all provinces and counties to publish these 50 words. Namely: (from the 56th generation to the105th generation)

Jining is the biggest gathering place for the Spring Festival! ~