? Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty: the feudal monarch who personally participated in the most wars.

With his tenacious will and charisma, the founding emperor won the world by combining all the heroes in the world, and grew from a commoner to a famous name in the history books of the previous generation. & gt Fighting is very brave, which is extremely rare among emperors in past dynasties. In the battle of Kunyang, Liu Xiu took the lead, leading 13 people to rush out of the siege of Wang Mang's 420,000 troops and move to Vietnam. Rushed out of the tight encirclement, but did not wreck a soldier and a rider. The death squad of 3,000 people was brought back to Wang Mang's army, and finally Wang Mang's 420,000 army was defeated with 20,000 troops, creating a myth in China's military history. & gt At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, many heroes rose side by side, which was a famous troubled time in history. Liu Xiu's opponents are Wang Mang, Wang Lang, Liu Xuan, Liu Pengzi, Zhang Bu, Liu Yong, Li Xian, Chong Peng, Fang Lu and Gongsun Shu. In order to destroy these hostile forces, Liu Xiu has conquered for many years and survived countless times. He is good at grasping fighters; He is good at concentrating superior forces and dividing them one by one; He is good at avoiding the real and attacking the virtual, using the odd and positive, and destroying the enemy when moving; Diligently sum up experience and lessons, and constantly improve tactics; Emphasize continuous attacks, without giving the enemy a chance to breathe and fight back; Pay attention to employing people and harmony, and let the soldiers under their command give full play to their talents. Where there is a will, there is a way, and ultimately the world will be determined, so Liu Xiu is also the emperor who fought in the history of China. & gt In 6th BC, Liu Xiu, a descendant of the Western Han Dynasty royal family, was born in Jiyang (now Lankao, Henan). He is the ninth grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, and comes from the line of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Emperor Han Jing called his concubine Ji Cheng at night. Ji Cheng doesn't know why, and refuses to go, so he asks Tang Er, the servant girl, to do it. At that time, Emperor Han Jing was drunk. Fortunately, he had sleepy eyes, so Liu Xiu was born. Time has passed, and the status of Liu Xiu's ancestors has been declining. From Wang to Liehou to his parents, he is just a small official like Jiyang county magistrate. In AD 3, Liu Xiu's father died, and his family returned to their hometown of Nanyang and became ordinary civilians. For young Liu Xiu, the descendants of the royal family are just a legend, and they didn't enjoy their blessings at all. & gt At this time, the stormy regime of the Western Han Dynasty was politically decadent, economically depressed, and the people were in dire straits and complained bitterly. Wang Mang, a consort, took advantage of this situation to seize power and established a new dynasty in AD 9. However, Wang Mang is good at usurping power and governing the country badly. He "gained power, amassed wealth and stripped the people", and his laws were harsh and cruel, constantly changing. In seven years, Wang Mang changed money four times. "Every time you change money, the people lose everything." The money in the hands of ordinary people turned into scrap iron overnight. All these have led to more social chaos and intensified contradictions. /kloc-in 0/7, a nationwide peasant uprising broke out in three places: the green forest hero (named after the green forest mountain) led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng in northwest Hubei; In today's eastern Shandong and northern Jiangsu, there is the Red Eyebrow Army led by Fan Chong (named after the insurgents painted their eyebrows red); In today's Hebei region, there are dozens of uprising teams, the largest of which is called Tongma Army. At that time, swords and shadows, war and chaos, the sound of war continued, and the warlords in the world were separated. & gt According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu's appearance is "a handsome man with a big mouth, long eyes and beautiful sun horns"-a man with a beautiful beard, a high nose, a big mouth and a wide forehead. According to the standards of ancient men, he should be considered a handsome boy. Liu Xiu was "diligent in farming" in his early years, that is, he liked to grow vegetables and land, and there was often surplus grain for sale in Wancheng (now Nanyang). Liu Xiuyou has a good brother named Ada, who is generous and generous, Ren Xia. He likes to make friends with people with lofty ideals and doesn't want to die under the nymphs. Ada often jokes about Liu Xiu, comparing himself to Liu Bang and Liu Xiu to Liu Zhong who is willing to do business. Encouraged by his brother Ada, Liu Xiucai became "angry and ambitious". & gt In AD 22, there was a great famine in Nanyang County, and people were hungry and cold. People can't survive any longer, and many people have defected to the rebels. 28-year-old Liu Xiu and Ada took the opportunity to use clan power to fight and unite with outlaws who entered Nanyang. & gt Liu Xiu was not conspicuous in the uprising army at first, but he stood out in the famous Kunyang War. In 23 AD, the outlaw hero grew to100000, and Liu Xuan, a descendant of the Han Dynasty, was made emperor with the title of "Start over". The insurgents sent the main force to besiege Wancheng, and at the same time sent Wang Feng, Wang Chang, Liu Xiu and other 20,000 troops to the north, and even Kunyang (now Yexian), Dingling (now Yancheng West), Yancheng County (now Yancheng South) and other places to seize a lot of materials and supply the troops around Wancheng. Chang 'an, the capital of Wang Mang, was greatly threatened. & gt terrified, Wang Mang sent Wang Yi and Wang Xun to assemble 420,000 elite soldiers from various counties, claiming to be millions, and went straight to Kunyang. Only 89,000 people guard the hero city in Greenwood. Seeing that Wang Mang's army was unstoppable, most generals advocated evacuation. But at this time, avoiding the enemy, the main force attacking Wancheng was exposed to the enemy. & gt when you cross the sea, you show your true colors. At the critical moment of rewriting history, Liu Xiu persuaded the generals to stick to aid Korea with calm analysis and foresight, rode out of the city at a rate of 13 night, and went to Yan County and Dingling to mobilize reinforcements. Wang Yi and Wang Xun, relying on the strength of many people, refused to listen to the suggestion of canceling the siege of Wanhe and letting the defenders escape. They threatened: "Millions of troops will be destroyed if there are too many. Today, we will slaughter the city, wyndell dichinson will move forward, and we will dance before this song. " "They stormed, rushed into the city, dug tunnels to attack the city, and climbed the city with ladders. However, Kunyang City is small and strong, not to mention that the trapped animals are still fighting, and the guarding city is cornered and stands up to resist. Wang Yi and Wang Xun are in a hurry. & gt On the first day of June, Liu Xiu led nearly 10,000 people to rescue Kunyang, and more than 1,000 vanguard troops were arrayed four or five miles away from Wang Mang's army. Wang Xun sent thousands of men to the war. Liu Xiu personally wielded a knife and entered the enemy line, and his soldiers fought bravely to kill the enemy, killing more than a thousand people and repelling Wang Mang's army. & gt At this time, resourceful Liu Xiu lied about the defeat of Wancheng, and shot at the city and Wang Mang barracks, encouraging the troops in the city to stick to it while shaking Wang Mang's morale. Then, Liu Xiu led a death squad of 3,000 people, secretly crossed the Kunshui River (now the Hui River in Yexian County), detoured to the side of Wang Mang's army, and attacked the camps of Wang Xun and Wang Yi. Wang Yi and Wang Xun thought that the insurgents were vulnerable and ordered each battalion not to act without authorization, leading tens of thousands of people to battle. The two armies fought fiercely, and Liu Xiu led the elite soldiers to fight bravely, and Wang Yi and Wang Xunjun were in chaos. However, due to Wang Yi's prior orders, no one dared to go to the rescue, which led to the rout of Wang Yi's army, and Wang Xun became a ghost under the sword. Kunyang defenders took advantage of the situation to fight out, attacked from inside and outside, and Wang Mang troops fled for their lives. At this time, it suddenly rained heavily, the river surged, and tens of thousands of people waded and drowned. Wang Yi only led thousands of people to flee to Luoyang. In this way, it created a miracle that 20,000 defeated 420,000. & gt The Battle of Kunyang reversed the situation and wiped out the main army that Wang Mang relied on to maintain his rule. Wang Fuzhi, a great scholar, later commented: "After World War I, the ancestral hall was completely won, and it didn't take long to restore the world. * * * 1936 "Strategic Issues of China Revolution" and 1938 "On Protracted War" also mentioned the Sino-Kunyang War in Nanyang history twice, which was highly appraised. & gt However, instead of being promoted, Liu Xiu, the greatest hero of the Kunyang War, fell into great danger. It turned out that his younger brother Ada, whose popularity was increasing, was suspected and rejected, and was killed by Liu Xuan, the new emperor. Liu Xiu, who led the army outside, knew that he was lonely and endured sadness. He took the initiative to go back to Wancheng to apologize and bear the burden of humiliation. Instead of holding a funeral for his brother, he held a lively wedding with Yin Lihua, who had been in love for many years. Finally, I realized my dream of "marrying a wife and being a pear flower" (Empress Han Ji: martial arts adapted into a new field, beautiful people heard it, and my heart was happy. Later, when I arrived in Chang 'an, I saw that I was riding a very rich car, because I lamented that "the official should be Wu and the wife should be Yin Lihua." ).> Every day after their wedding night, a couple eat, drink, and be merry. Assure him that he is only Wan's younger brother, so he can avoid being killed. Liu Xiu, who tried to avoid the disaster, forced a smile during the day and wet her pillow with tears at night. He deeply understands that to achieve great things, he must learn to be patient. & gt After Wang Mang's regime was overthrown, the world was still in chaos, and the patient Liu Xiu finally won the opportunity of independent development: Liu Xiu was named "Anzhou County, Beidujiang River" as a fu. At that time, the situation in Hebei was complicated and all kinds of armed forces were everywhere. According to Feng Yi's suggestion of "settling grievances and distributing peace" and Deng Yu's suggestion of "recruiting talents and pleasing people's hearts", Liu Xiu "patrolled counties and counties, inspected officials, sent prisoners to relieve follwed tyranny and restored the official name of the Han Dynasty; The government and the people are all happy, and strive to welcome the labor with wine, which has won the support of people from all walks of life and some local powerful groups and gradually formed the basic force for establishing political power. However, Liu Xiu just found a feeling in Hebei. Wang Lang proclaimed himself emperor in Handan, and his power was in full swing. Widowed and featherless, Liu Xiu was forced to flee everywhere and fell into the Jedi several times. However, Liu Xiu once again stood the test. What Liu Xiu did made people see the hope of world stability, and many heroes defected to him. All these people can be good at fighting, be wise and brave, and lead their own troops to be loyal to Liu Xiu, who has gained a firm foothold in Hebei. Organizational forces wiped out the forces of Wang Lang in one fell swoop, sweeping away the biggest obstacle to occupying Hebei. & gt On August 5th, AD 25, on an earthen altar in the south of Maoxian County (now Baixiang County, Hebei Province), with the strong support and persuasion of the generals, Liu Xiu declared himself emperor, established Jianyuan Jianwu, and renamed Maoxian County Gaoyi County, thus formally establishing the Eastern Han Dynasty. This year, he was only 3 1 year old. . & gt But at that time, except for Liu Xiu's advisers and generals, probably few people believed that he would unify the whole country after more than ten years and restore the Han Dynasty, which lasted for nearly two hundred years. & gt Liu Xuan, the founding emperor at that time, was nominally a "common master of the world", and Liu Xiu was also his subordinate before he proclaimed himself emperor. At one time, the reformed regime controlled most of the country. Before and after Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, there were many independent regimes, and there were also many who proclaimed themselves emperor: > Wang Mang's Lujiang (now the western part of Huainan, Anhui Province) led (county-level chief) Li Xian to be the king of Huainan, and later became the son of heaven. & gt In Handan (now Handan, Hebei Province), a fortune-teller Wang Lang claimed to be the son of Emperor Hancheng, and set out to be an emperor, and got a response from northern Hebei to Liaodong. & gt Gongsun Shu occupied Hanzhong, Ba and Shu, and was called the King of Shu, and soon he was called the Son of Heaven. & gt Liu Yong, the king of the imperial clan, proclaimed himself emperor in Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), which is located in the southeast of Henan Province and adjacent to Shandong and Anhui. & gt Zhang Bu occupies most of Shandong today and is called the King of Qi. & gt Liu Penzi, the imperial clan, was proclaimed emperor by the Red Eyebrow Army, and soon occupied Chang 'an, replacing the regime of starting a new stove. & gt Xiao Wei occupied Tianshui, Longxi and other counties (now Longzhong and Longnan in Gansu) and was called General Xizhou. & gt Dou Rong separated himself from the Hexi Corridor and called himself the general in the Hexi Corridor. & gt Fang Lu was called the General and King Xiping in Sanshui (now northeast Gansu and central Ningxia), and was later made emperor by Xiongnu. & gt Chong Peng, the prefect of Yuyang, captured Ji Cheng (now Beijing) and claimed to be the Prince of Yan. & gt In Nanyang (now southern Henan), Qin Feng was known as the King of Chu Li, and in Hanzhong, Queen Wu 'an entered Nanyang. & gt……& gt； Before he proclaimed himself emperor, Liu Xiu destroyed the ministries of Wang Lang and Hebei, but the area he actually controlled was only most of Hebei today and some surrounding areas, which was neither the strongest force nor the occupied land. & gt In June of the first year of Jianwu (AD 25), shortly after Liu Xiu ascended the throne, the army went straight down and surrounded Luoyang. Zhu Bishan, who stuck to Luoyang, participated in the plot to assassinate Ada. Under the condition that Liu Xiu swore not to be enemies by the Yellow River, Zhu Bi led all guarding city troops to surrender to Liu Xiu. Liu Xiubing let 300,000 people in Luoyang surrender without fighting. After the occupation of Luoyang City, Liu Xiu worshipped Zhu Bi as Emperor Pingdi and Fugou Hou. & gt Liu Xiu takes Luoyang as his capital. Hundreds of years later, Luoyang became the national political, economic and cultural center. In the second year of Jianwu (AD 26), Liu Xiu built an ancestral temple in Luoyang. There is a millet altar on the right side of the ancestral hall. Liu Xiu thinks the Red Eyebrow Army is a threat. He first sent Deng Yu and Feng Yi to fight Red Eyebrows, forcing Liu Pengzi to lead millions of people to surrender. Solved the main force of the red eyebrow beside the couch, successively crusaded against Liu Yong and settled in Hebei, wiped out Xiao Wei, which was in a state of constant turmoil, leveled Gongsun Shu, and unified China in the 13th year of Jianwu (AD 37). & gt The reason why Liu Xiu can dominate the world under the situation of being surrounded by powerful enemies lies in his attention to strategy and keen political vision, in addition to his correct strategy and brave command. In the unified war, he was good at using political offensives, such as announcing the release of slaves and prisoners, reducing taxes and criminal laws, in order to disintegrate the enemy and strengthen his own strength. He also pays attention to rectifying military discipline. As early as when he was the general of the regime of starting a new stove, he paid attention to restraining his subordinates to abide by military discipline, which was conducive to gaining more support. & gt Different from ancestor Liu Bang, Liu Xiu did not kill the hero, but was very kind to his heroes and gave them generous treatment. However, in order to avoid the problems caused by the excessive power of the hero, Liu Xiu "retired the hero from the literature" and left the affairs of governing the country to the civil servants. & gt After the national reunification, Liu Xiu can still be conscientious and diligent in political affairs. " Every time I look at the DPRK, it will be fine during the day, and I will talk about the manager several times, and I will not be able to sleep at night. "The policies and measures he implemented not only safeguarded the feudal rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also safeguarded national unity and relied on the people to promote social and economic development. Ye Fan, the author of the Book of Later Han Dynasty, said, "Although I am very successful economically, I can't compete as much as I can. Therefore, I can be prudent in the political system, be in charge of the power procedure, measure my time and strength, cite my mistakes, retire the hero into the literati, and all the cattle and horses are scattered. Although I am not in the past, I will stop my martial arts. Sima Guang also said: "Every time the emperor looks at the DPRK, the day of his death is right ... Although he made great achievements in conquering the economy and establishing the world, he retired as a hero and entered the literati. He is wise and prudent in his political system, responsible for power planning, measuring time and making no mistakes, so he can restore his former strength and achieve peace. They fully affirmed the achievements of Emperor Guangwu after the reunification of the country. In his later years, although Emperor Guangwu was superstitious about divination, he announced that he divined the world. Demote Huan Tan, others dare to remonstrate and refuse to remonstrate; But on the whole, he can always be cautious, conscientious and diligent in political affairs, which is still commendable among feudal emperors and can be regarded as a good emperor.