Five amazing laws of human nature

1, Murphy's law

Murphy's Law, also known as the Law of Bad Luck, means that if you are worried that something will happen, it is more likely to happen. Its main content has four aspects: first, everything is not as simple as it seems; Second, everything will take longer than you expected; Third, there will always be mistakes; If you are worried about something, anything can happen.

Murphy's law has a wide range of applications, which reveals a strange but universal social phenomenon, that is, if something bad is possible, it will always happen, no matter how small the possibility is. It's easy to understand. That's what I'm afraid of.

2. Valenda effect

The Valenda effect is named after the tightrope walker Valenda. Valenda makes a living by performing high-risk performances, but she has never had an accident. 1978, at the age of 73, he felt old and was preparing to bid farewell to this industry, but before announcing his retirement, he decided to give a farewell performance for the last time.

Unexpectedly, this parting performance killed him. Just as Valenda walked to the middle of the wire rope, he did several warm-up exercises, which was not difficult. Before entering the performance stage, the wire rope fell and died on the spot.

"I know this will happen. Because he always said' this time is too important to lose' before playing. Before every successful performance, he only thought about walking the tightrope, without considering what it might bring. However, in the final performance, Valenda was too eager to achieve success and did not pay attention to the matter itself, which became a disadvantage. " Afterwards, his wife said.

The so-called "Valenda effect" means that under great psychological pressure, people are too willing to do it, too concerned about whether a thing can be done well, and the psychological burden is too great, which backfires and makes a mess.

3. Curry Schouw effect

Curry Schouw Effect is a film created by Soviet director Kuleshov by montage. One day, Kuleshov took a close-up of Mo Youxin, a famous actor, without any facial expression. Combine these same close-ups with other movie clips to form three combinations: the initial combination is a soup shot after the close-up. The other is a close-up, shooting a female corpse lying in a coffin. Third, after the close-up, a little girl is playing in the camera.

Kuleshov put these three sets of photos in front of some audiences and found that they had different impressions. They said: Mo Youxin looked at the soup with a thoughtful and calm face; Looking at the coffin, he looked sad and painful; Looking at the little girl, she looks happy and relaxed. But in fact, Mo Youxin didn't show any expression until the end.

"Curry Schouw effect", that is, the viewer projects his own experience on the things in front of him and sees more of his own inner association. Push is that sometimes the external world that people see is actually the projection of the inner world. He just wants to believe what he believes and see what he wants to see.

4. Barnum effect

Barnum effect also comes from the name barnum, who is a famous actor. Barnum's acting career is very successful. Later, when evaluating his performance, he said that his performance was popular because it contained many things that everyone liked, and it was easy to sit in the right place.

The so-called "Barnum effect" means that it is easy for us to believe a general and conceptual concept and then apply it directly to ourselves to judge ourselves through external information, even if the concept is very vague and meaningless. Barnum effect exists behind many social phenomena, such as fortune telling and astrology.

5. Bird cage effect

Psychologist James and physicist Carlson are good friends. One day, James said to Carlson, "I will give you a bird soon." Carlson didn't think of that. A few days later, James gave Carlson a beautiful birdcage as a gift. Soon, Carlson discovered a particularly strange thing. Whenever a friend comes to his house and sees a birdcage, he will almost ask him where the bird has gone.

At first, Carlson just explained to his friends again and again that he never kept birds, and this birdcage was a gift from others. But it didn't work. A friend kept asking the same question, which made him a little unhappy. Finally one day, Carlson went to the store and bought a bird in a cage.