China's successful course

The Legend of Flowers 14 1 years ago (1839), Gong Zizhen, a great poet in the Qing Dynasty, passed by Yuanhe (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and wrote a poem for Gu, a well-read local scholar. There is a sentence in it: "Huguang Mountain robbed the land of three Wu, when will this tyrant be reborn?" Gu is good at bibliography, but history books say that he read thousands of books, exegesis of classics and history, astronomy and mathematics. Of course, the word "bully" only refers to academic talent. Gong Zizhen asked this question, and no one dared to answer it that day. Now he has an answer. I'm glad to see that the weather is full of energy and the talent is reduced without sticking to a pattern! Talents fall in Jintan, which is located in the south of Jiangsu Province, and can also be considered to be included in the broad sense of "the land of the Three Wu Dynasties". This talent is Hua. The biography of China (by Stephen Salat) published in the United States, in the first sentence, says that China is "a mathematician who ranks among the best in the world in many aspects". His theory of prime numbers on stacked bases, his introduction to number theory, his harmonic analysis on typical fields, and the typical group he co-authored with Wan Zhexian have all aroused the shock of international mathematicians. His achievements in learning are many times more than those of Coulee! This is not just a "Wu Sanda name", but a veritable "reputation all over the world". The ordinary party is remarkable, but I wonder if Hua will frown when he reads the title of this article. Although he is famous all over the world, he is an ordinary person. And "Legend" is a little treat him as a "strange man"? When I first met him in Birmingham, England, he once said, "We are not monsters!" " He felt this sentence. He feels that some articles about scientists often describe scientists as "monsters", as if some "quirks" of scientists are born, and without them, they are not scientists. In fact, scientists are human beings, flesh and blood people, not "incomprehensible" "gods" or "monsters" with apertures on their heads! And ordinary people are not without "quirks". But I still want to say that he is both "ordinary" and extraordinary! He was born in an ordinary family, and his father was the owner of a small grocery store. Do you know the origin of his name? His father was born at the age of forty, and two baskets were deducted when he was born. It is said that he can "take root and sprout" to support himself. The word "bamboo" has been removed, and "bamboo" is a homonym of "Luo", "Geng" and "Root". Parents of poor families are most worried about whether their children will grow up. Hua's name just contains his father's wishes to him! He only graduated from junior high school, plus one and a half years of vocational school. I was forced to drop out of school because I couldn't afford the tuition before I graduated. ) At the age of twenty, he was crippled by typhoid fever! Graduating from junior high school is also a basket case. If he had less perseverance, he would surely lead a mediocre life. But with this "poor" education, he became a great mathematician through self-study. Can this be called "ordinary"? It is also Gong Zizhen's poem that once failed in mathematics: "Honesty is not a natural thing, and it will be brilliant in a hundred years!" In the poem, Hua Lian is the edge of the sword, extending into a precious sword. If the sword is like this, it is like this. Hua is undoubtedly a mathematical genius, but his "genius" is also being honed, and his "edge" is beginning to show. You probably didn't expect this great mathematician to fail the math exam, did you? This is when he was in the first grade of junior high school. Once I asked him if he had offended the teacher, who deliberately failed him. He said: "No, I was very playful when I was a child, and I often skipped school to watch social dramas. It's not the teacher's fault that the test paper is scribbled again. " After this lesson, he knew from the second grade of junior high school that he should study hard. As soon as he studied hard, the math teacher took him aside and whispered to him, "Today's topic is too easy. Go out to play. " Seeing Hu Shi's logical mistakes Another thing that made him "sharp" when he was studying in junior high school was that he saw Hu Shi's logical mistakes. In the second grade of junior high school, one of his Chinese teachers, an admirer of Hu Shi, asked students to read Hu Shi's works and write down what they learned after reading them. He was assigned to read Hu Shi's trial anthology. Hua only read Hu Shi's Preface Poem before the Trial Collection, so he hid it. The preface poem is: "It has never been achieved since ancient times, and this statement may not be true. I turned to it today, and I have been trying it successfully since ancient times. His thoughts on reading said: the two "attempts" in this poem are fundamentally different in concept. The first "try" is "only try once", and the second "try" has tried countless times. Hu Shi's concept of "try" is still quite confusing. Is his collection of attempts worth reading? At that time, when he was only a little over thirteen years old, he could see Hu Shi's logical mistakes, which also showed that he had a meticulous "scientific mind." "The storm of the Duke of Zhou against Cai is still the Chinese teacher who once wrote a composition topic-"On the Duke of Zhou against Cai ". Officially, Guan Shu and Cai Shu are both Zhou Wuwang's younger brothers. King Wu became a young king after his death, and Zhou Gongdan was the Regent. They refused to accept it, and together with a rebellion called Wu Geng, they were put down by the Duke of Zhou. Tube, Cai. To do this topic, the general way of writing is, of course, to say that Zhou Gong was right to punish Cai. But Hua made a "negative article". He said that if the Duke of Zhou didn't punish Cai, maybe he would rebel himself. It was because Guan Cai saw his intention that he killed Guan Cai. But since he punished the rebellion in the name of defending Zhou Shi, he did so, and it was inconvenient for him. The Chinese teacher is even more annoyed this time. He cursed China for "blaspheming" and almost called on students to "drum and shout". Hua argued: If you can only write in one way, why isn't your title "The Duke of Zhou punishes Cai Mao"? Since the topic has the word "on", others should be allowed to "discuss". If we discuss it, we can have different opinions! This statement is "logical". The teacher had to give up. Although Wang Weike's Jintan is small, there is also Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. Wang Weike, the head teacher of grade two in China's junior high school, is such a figure. Perhaps not many people know Wang Weike, but for China, this person has a great influence on his life. According to Hua, Wang Weike is a bit like Gu. Gu's reading and reading volumes, exegesis of classics and history, astronomy and arithmetic are all interlinked. " On the other hand, Wang Weike went further. He can be called "learning from China and the West". He once translated Dante's Indian epic Divine Comedy. He is also good at Yuanqu. In mathematics, although he is not married enough, he is not just dabbling. Wang Weike only taught China in Jintan Middle School for one year, and then went to France to study in the second year. When he came back, he was a professor at China College. When he taught in China College, the president was the famous Hu Shizhi and the provost was Yang Zhensheng. Wang Weike can't get along with these two people. It happened that there was another article in the Shanghai tabloid called "Yellow Gourd Fish Visits Shanghai", which was homophonic with "Wang Weike", implying that Wang Weike's visit to Shanghai was "redneck goes to town". In a rage, Wang Weike left. Later, when he became the principal of Jintan Middle School, his influence on China was even greater. Wang Wei was the first person to discover that Hua was a genius in mathematics. Under his guidance, Hua has not only made outstanding achievements in mathematics, but also made progress in other disciplines, especially Chinese, and Hua can also write and compose poems. That's when his Chinese foundation was laid. After graduating from junior high school, another unforgettable teacher was unable to provide for his further study at home. /kloc-0 In the spring of 927, Hua arrived in Shanghai and was admitted to the Chinese Vocational School founded by Huang Yanpei. In China Vocational School, he met another unforgettable teacher-Zou Taofen. Zou Taofen (1895- 1944) was a journalist, political commentator and publisher. In 1930s, the Life Bookstore he founded and the Weekly Popular Life, which he edited, had an influence all over the country. But Zou Taofen was not so famous at that time. The year before Hua arrived in Shanghai (1926), Zou Taofen was the editor of Shanghai Life Weekly, and later worked as an English teacher in China Vocational School. Teacher Hua talked about this teacher and even called it "awesome! Awesome! "It turned out that in Zou Taofen's English class, the students who couldn't answer the questions for the first time were punished to stand in the same place. If you can't answer the second time, send it to the stage. Unable to answer for the third time, he was punished for standing on the table on the stage. Needless to say, it became the focus of the class. I asked Hua if he had been punished for standing. He said that he might be punished for standing in his original position, but he didn't seem to be punished for standing on the stage and table. His English ranks second in the class. When he was studying in Shanghai, one more thing to remember was that he won the first prize in the abacus calculation competition in Shanghai. Most of the participants in this competition are employees of banks and banks in Shanghai. The abacus can be said to be very familiar. Although he helped his father manage the restaurant business since childhood, he is not a professional after all. Can he compete with those masters? He talked about the game and said with a smile, "I'm fighting wits." "It turned out that he found a simple abacus algorithm, which made this' master' who only knew how to calculate by hand at a loss. Although the cost of attending a vocational school is relatively low, the food and miscellaneous expenses for one semester (half a year) still cost 50 yuan in foreign currency. As a poor student, Hua's application for tuition-free has been approved by the school, but she must take care of her room and board. His father is exhausted, and the fifty dollars can't be raised. So Hua was forced to drop out of school and go back to his hometown to help his father run the small grocery store. Father is not allowed to read the "gobbledygook", throw the sword into the dust and the pearl into the darkroom. Will a math genius spend his life in a grocery store? When will the sword shine again, and when will the pearl reappear in the sun? There is a ray of light in the darkroom. Wang Weike has returned to Jintan, where he met his master and apprentice. Hua borrowed some math books from Wang Weike and began to teach himself. But the resistance immediately came from his father, who couldn't understand the strange symbols in the math book and lost his temper with his son: "What are you doing reading these gobbledygook?" "Books can't be eaten as meals, so don't hurry to greet customers?" Many years later, a western mathematics magazine published a cartoon in which Hua was chased around the house by his father with a poker and some broken books in his hand. The father threatened his son to throw his math book into the stove. The grocery business is not good, so my father buys silk for people, buying it during the day and settling accounts at night. One night I miscalculated 1000 yuan, so I can't start work tomorrow if I can't figure it out. Jintan has a superstitious custom of "worshipping the fox spirit", and some people will light incense sticks and ask the fox spirit for help. But after begging the fox spirit, I still can't settle the account. Hua smelled the fragrance in the room and came out and said, don't look for the fox spirit, I'll help you settle accounts. The father didn't believe his son had this ability, but he gave him two big books in the mood of letting him have a try. As a result, Hua tried his best to settle the account before long. When my father saw it, it was really useful to learn mathematics, which relaxed the deterrent to him. The "luck" of the unqualified Chinese teacher seems to be getting better and better. At the age of eighteen, Wang Weike, a teacher who had always known him, became the principal of Jintan Middle School, making him an ordinary servant and accountant with a monthly salary of 18 yuan. Compared with being an unpaid "assistant" in the grocery store, Hua seems to have risen to the top. In the second year, the school opened a cram school, and Wang Weike asked him to be the teacher of the cram school. A mountain is all mountains. He just graduated from junior high school and became a middle school teacher. Although he only teaches cram schools, some people already don't like him. Wang Weike had a bad relationship with the local gentry, so a group of gentry jointly accused Wang Weike of "ten major crimes" to the county education bureau. "Appointing unqualified private teachers" has also become one of Wang Weike's top ten crimes. The director of education seems very reasonable. He approved it and said, "How can students be private, how can they be controlled by classes, and so on?" However, although Wang Weike won the lawsuit, he was unbearable and left again. Neither can Hua's tutor, but the school still uses him as an accountant. "Luck" is good for only one year, but it goes bad the next year. At the age of nineteen, Hua's mother died of illness, and he himself contracted terrible typhoid fever. This serious illness almost ruined his life. This serious illness has been ill for half a year since the 24th of the twelfth lunar month. The invited old Chinese doctor said to his father, "Don't take medicine, just give it to him if he wants to eat." But even when he was seriously ill, he was sober. His family is downstairs telling his fortune, and he knows it. "Miracle" appeared, but he didn't die as early as the doctor thought. In the second year of Dragon Boat Festival, he finally got up. This "miracle" may be precisely because of his tenacious will to survive, in order to overcome death. But unfortunately, the appearance of "miracle" did not make him recover, but caused "lifelong regret". The periosteum of his left hip joint adhered to form a rigid right angle. From then on, he had to walk with crutches. Of course, the position of accountant in Jintan Middle School has also been lost. It is problematic for a disabled person to make a living. Can he still "dream" to climb the academic peak? Exhausted by Iraq, he became a cripple, but he didn't fall down. He found a vast world in math books. Many years later, a reporter asked him why he chose to teach himself mathematics. He said, "I have no choice. To learn something else, you have to run around or need equipment. I chose math because it only needs a pen and a piece of paper-the props are simple. " So he relied on a pen, a piece of paper, some books borrowed from Wang Weike, and the magazine Science published in Shanghai later. Every day after the grocery store closes, under the dim oil lamp, regardless of family complaints, he studies hard. Although he can get few math books, his foundation is extremely solid. Now he still has a thick exercise book used for self-study, and the ink has faded and turned yellow. He is studious and good at thinking. The books he has read have changed from complex to simple in his mind, and have really achieved analogy. This self-study exercise gives him a unique ability to study problems, and he can grasp the core of the problem at once. After five years of self-study (from the age of sixteen), he began to write some math papers for submission. His submission is not always smooth, and he often receives rejection letters. The editor pointed out that this problem was solved by French mathematicians, that problem was solved by German mathematicians, and so on. Instead of discouraging him, it filled him with confidence. Because he hasn't read the mathematician's article, but he can also solve those problems. Finally, he has a paper-"Why Su Jiaju's algebraic quintic equation solution can't be established"-published in Shanghai's Science magazine. Science magazine was the most authoritative magazine in the field of natural science in China at that time. Many famous writers such as Li Siguang, Zhu Kezhen and Weng often wrote articles in Science magazine. Su Jiaju is also a well-known university professor. This article alarmed Xiong Qinglai, head of the Department of Mathematics at Tsinghua University. Xiong Qinglai, an international student from which country, is sitting in the office of the head of the department of mathematics, opening the magazine Science and leafing through this article. The more he read, the more attracted he became, and the look on his face became dignified. After reading this article, he looked up? Why not put your hands together? Hey? Silent tomb? Why don't you change four into eight? Stealing from my mother? Do overseas Chinese allow you to knock on Tingchang's door? "Mi's salary? Jan? Mu Yu? What are you doing? What are you doing? Hey? Thanks? Why don't you break down? Hey? Tan Tan? What's the point? Let's stay awake at school! ? Xiong Qinglai was surprised and decided: "This young man should invite him to Tsinghua!" Moving the tree out of the valley, Hua finally left the "dark room" of the grocery store. The following summer (193 1), he came to Tsinghua University. Because of his educational background, he can only work as a teaching assistant in the Department of Mathematics, with a monthly salary of 40 yuan, which is more than double his salary in Jintan Middle School. What matters is not the increase in income, but that Tsinghua has provided him with better conditions for self-study. A reporter wrote about his diligent study during this period: "The library in Tsinghua is much richer than that in Jintan, which is enough for him. He lingers on the shore of the ocean of mathematics every day looking for treasures, leaving himself only five or six hours of sleep. A learner's huge knowledge throughput is surprisingly displayed at this moment! Even after turning off the lights, he got into the habit of reading. It sounds incredible at first glance, but it is actually a logical thinking activity. He took a book and put it under the lamp, thought about the title for a while, then turned off the lamp and lay in bed, closed his eyes and meditated, fascinated. He imagined that this topic was in his own hands and should be divided into several chapters and sections. Some places he can draw inferences from others, and some places he can't understand. He rolled out of bed and chewed the difficult points repeatedly under the light. A book that takes ten days and a half months to finish, he finished it in one night and two nights. It's really like: "The wind is light in the hoof, and I wonder how many blossoms were broken!" This assistant is unusual. His seat is next to Xiong Qinglai's office. When Xiong Qinglai encounters a problem, he often shouts to the next door: "Mr. Hua, come and see how to solve this problem ..." His paper has also been published in famous foreign mathematics magazines. In the second year, he was promoted to teaching assistant and became a teaching assistant with junior high school education, which broke the precedent of Tsinghua, but was unanimously recognized by professors. I was promoted to a lecturer for another year and a half, and then I worked as a researcher for two years. 1936, at the age of 26, he went to study in Britain. The most famous Cambridge University. But he doesn't want to study for a doctorate, he just wants to be a visitor. Because being a visitor can break through the shackles and learn seven or eight subjects at the same time. He said, "I came to Cambridge to study, not to get a degree." So until now, his only diploma is the junior high school diploma. He didn't get a doctorate, but during his two years in Cambridge, he wrote twenty papers, each of which can get a doctorate. In one of the studies on the "tower problem", his theory was even named "Fahrenheit Theorem" by the mathematical community. Hardy, a famous British mathematician, is an authoritative scholar in this field. After hearing the news, he said excitedly, "Great, I can't improve my work when I write it." My work must be changed this time! "