Briefly describe the content of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a very popular theme in the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1234), among which Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the most famous. With Tomb-Sweeping Day as the introduction, he began to describe Bianjing in detail. Bianjing is a masterpiece of realistic genre painting, which was loved by all dynasties, so there are many imitations, the most famous of which is the Riverside Map of Tomb-Sweeping Day in Qing Dynasty.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was co-painted by five painters of Qing Palace Painting Academy, Chen Mei, Sun Hu, Jin Kun, Dai Hong and Cheng Zhidao, in the first year of Qianlong (1736). It can be said that on the basis of imitating various dynasties, it collected the works of its strengths and added special customs of Ming and Qing dynasties, such as outings, performances and other entertainment activities, thus adding a lot of rich plots. At the same time, due to the influence of western painting style, the houses on the street are painted according to the perspective principle, and western-style buildings are also listed among them. This volume has bright colors, exquisite brushwork and delicate boundary paintings of bridges, houses and figures. It is a masterpiece in the courtyard.

Song Huizong is a court painter. When I was a teenager, I studied in Beijing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) and then studied painting. I am good at boundary painting, especially like painting boats, bridges and outlines, and have become my own family. In addition to The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, his works also include an auction picture of the West Lake painted for him. The reign of Xuanhe (A.D.119-1125) was the imperial edict of imperial academy. Wang Mengduan's Biography of Calligraphy and Painting says that he is "interested in painting, especially boats, bridges and Guo Jing." It says "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival". This picture is not stamped by the author. It is generally believed that it was written by Zhang Zeduan. The picture shows the city life of Bianliang in Song Dynasty. The first paragraph describes the rural scenery. Dead trees and grass bridges are endless. The middle paragraph describes the scene of Hongqiao. Two big ships crossed Hongqiao. There are many vendors and pedestrians at the bridge. Finally draw a street view of the city. Ge Lou wine market, workshop doctors, many people, bustling streets. The whole scene is grand, with neat structure and meticulous brushwork. It's a famous painting handed down from generation to generation. There are Zhu et al. 13 inscriptions after the painting. There are more than 67 collections of Li Xian, Lou Donghua Yuan Chisel, Hualong Ding Fan and Uncle Lu Dan's body length.

Qingming Riverside Map (Part)

Brief Introduction of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

In the early Song Dynasty, the painting style changed greatly, genre painting, and a wide range of subjects; Master, Zhang Zeduan, Riverside Map, Growth Volume.

In the northern song dynasty, the grain city was the most prosperous; People, front and back, chariots and horses, all concentrated.

There are restaurants, tea sheds, blacksmiths and carpenters; Flower girl, fortune teller, under the bridge, everything goes well.

Buildings and floors are bustling with clear strokes; Miscellaneous but not chaotic, step by step, the ancient city, into the eye.

From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, figure painting has undergone new changes, that is, genre painting and historical painting have made new development. Genre painting has a wide range of subjects, involving all aspects of citizens' lives, such as city streets, city walls, vendors, baby shows and officials.

Women, chariots and horses, agriculture and weaving, village studies, village animal husbandry, water transportation, navigation and so on.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival takes the Bianhe River as a typical environment and depicts the world scenery of various people's activities, buildings and tools at that time, which is of great historical value.

On the basis of careful observation, the painter faithfully and meticulously described the bustling scene of the gates, streets and lanes of Bianliang City in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Bianhe River outside the gates. There are various commercial activities, handicraft activities, water transport activities on the river and various people's sightseeing activities on the screen. In addition to restaurants, pharmacies and other large shops, there are incense shops, bow shops, small tea shops or wine shops at the crossroads, as well as pawn shops with "Jie" signs hanging in front of them. Carpenters who make wheels, blacksmiths who sell knives and scissors, flower sellers, fortune tellers and various vendors can all be identified one by one. There are all kinds of people in the street, officials riding horses, surrounded by waiters passing through the crowd; Some women ride in small cars. In this noise, some people carry loads, some people drive cars, and the styles of cars are different. Some people are making boats on the river, some are wandering around, and some are leaning against the fence at the door. This lively scene, the painter arranged in an orderly way, mixed but not chaotic, fascinating, and the ancient capital reappeared in front of him.

In terms of composition, there are always points, main points, fine points, thick points, tension and relaxation; Mainly in rural areas, rivers and cities, it is gradually spread out and has a lot of layers. The countryside is introductory and relatively simple. When I entered the river, I focused on describing the ship freight until the arch bridge, which formed the first climax. On the bridge, off the bridge, the boat came to the boat. People hurried, noisy and nervous, and then gradually turned away, ending the most important part of the center. From restaurants and bridges, streets lead directly to cities and various vehicles. Shops, all kinds of people, etc. Step by step, one place is tight, forming the second climax. From the city to the second street, the picture ends.

There are many copies of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Southern Song Dynasty, including one or two volumes of gold, which shows the significance of southerners' nostalgia for the bustling feelings of their old capital.

Comment on Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

"Tomb-Sweeping Day" is one of the twenty-four solar terms in China lunar calendar. According to folk customs, the main activity of this festival is to sweep the graves of ancestors. Some people think that this picture "Qingming" refers to the Qingming Square in the eastern suburb of the outer city of Bianliang. However, it is generally believed that the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the prosperity of Bianliang and Bianhe, the capital cities of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period.

At the beginning of the book, it depicts the suburbs of Bianjing, the misty forest, the fields of farmhouses, the chilly spring, and a little donkey carrying charcoal into the city. Gradually, the willow branches are clustered, green as new, and pedestrians come and go. Among them, there are sedan chair teams returning from grave-sweeping, and there are also long-distance trips. In the middle section, the Bianhe River connects with the Yellow River, crosses the south of Bianjing City from west to east, and flows into Huaisi. It was a traffic tunnel between the north and the south at that time, and it was the national water transportation hub in the Northern Song Dynasty. The huge waterwheel in the painting, either parked at the dock or driving in the middle of the river, creates a busy scene. There is a large arch bridge on the Bianhe River. The bridge has no columns, but is made up of huge wooden frames. It is exquisitely structured and beautifully shaped, just like a dancing rainbow. This bridge is called "Shangtu Bridge", which is outside the entrance of the east corner of Bianjing, and is seven miles away from Hongqiao in Bianjing. Both ends of the bridge are closely connected with the market, and the traffic flows from south to north. A huge oil tanker is lowering its mast and preparing to cross the bridge. The boatmen were shouting and operating nervously, which attracted a crowd of spectators and became the climax of the whole painting. The second half is about city streets, with tall and majestic towers as the center, with streets on both sides and rows of houses. There are teahouses, restaurants, limb shops, butcher shops, temples, public temples and so on. All kinds of shops operate brocade, sandalwood, fragrant paper horses and so on. There are also medical clinics, car repair, fortune telling, shaving and plastic surgery, and all walks of life have everything. Pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other, and people from all walks of life are ready.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a very realistic work. Everything painted is typical and has a strong flavor of the times. The details of the picture are very real, such as the structure of the bridge, the style of horses and chariots, the clothes and costumes of the characters, the different activities of people from all walks of life and so on. The description is meticulous, vivid and rich, which reflects the vastness and diversity of social life and material civilization, and has irreplaceable historical value. It is an extremely important image material for understanding the urban life of China in the12nd century. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is painted in the traditional hand scroll form, and the whole painting captures the required scene by constantly moving the viewpoint, that is, the "scatter perspective method". From the vast Yuan Ye, the vast rivers, the towering battlements, to the nails and rivets on ships and cars, the small commodities on vendors, and the words on the market are all harmoniously organized into a unified whole, which is complex but not chaotic, long and not redundant, with clear paragraphs and rigorous structure. More than 500 people in the painting not only wear different clothes, but also have different looks and temperament. Various activities are arranged alternately, full of dramatic plot conflicts, which makes viewers look at the industry and have endless aftertaste. Its pen and ink skills, combined with writing and vigorous lines, are very different from the general interface.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has no author's seal. According to the postscript made by Zhang Zhu Bingwu (1 186), the author is Zhang.

Select end. Other poems with inscriptions include Zhang Gongyao, Wang Jian and Zhang Shiqi in the Jin Dynasty, Yang Zhun in the Yuan Dynasty, Li Xian, Li Dongyang, Wu Kuan, Lu Wan and Feng Bao in the Ming Dynasty, which shows that this picture was collected by the imperial court in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties and many folk people, and it is quite famous.

During Emperor Kangxi's southern tour in Qing Dynasty (169 1), Wang Shigu, one of the "Four Heavenly Kings", was immediately ordered to draw a map of Kangxi's southern tour, which took three years to complete. This work seems to be divided into thirteen paragraphs. When I was engaged in the auction business in my early years, I once saw the draft of this picture. At that time, nine volumes were displayed, each of which was more than two feet, and drawing was no problem. Mr. Yang Xin of the Palace Museum once lingered in front of that work, and according to his research, it is an original. But at the time of auction, it was aborted because the reserve price was set too high.

Of course, judging from the handwriting, it is obviously done by many people, including Jin Yang, Wang Shigu's proud disciple. At this time, ghostwriting and forgery often happen, which is also a headache for contemporary collectors. As far as I know, in the auction market in China, paintings such as Ming and Qing Dynasties are often difficult to auction, and the transaction rate is quite low. In this climate, it is not surprising that Kangxi's southern tour was aborted.

However, when we look back at the paintings of the Song Dynasty, we will find their great value more and more. About 1995 An auction company in Beijing once saw a picture of Ten Poems by Zhang Xian in the Song Dynasty. In view of the fact that there were at least two famous Zhang Xian related to painting in Song Dynasty, the appraisers at that time were not sure who made this rare treasure, but what is certain is that it was a work of Song Dynasty, because the inscription behind it was a fresh work by a great calligrapher in the early Yuan Dynasty. But the paintings are still auctioned. And its transaction price is rock-breaking, close to 20 million. Although only a little more than 1000 million was paid in the end, it is still a record, and no one can deny it. As one of the most outstanding paintings and calligraphy works in the Song Dynasty, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is also in the Song Dynasty, will be of great value, at least not lower than a Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Dynasty.