How do diabetics control their diet?

What is the dietary guide for reading diabetes? Diabetes is a common disease in life, so patients should pay special attention to their diet. What are the dietary guidelines for diabetes? Here are some dietary guidelines for diabetes. First, control your weight and prevent diabetes. Dietary guidelines for diabetes 1. Low sodium and high fiber diet and high sodium diet can increase blood volume, induce hypertension, increase heart burden, cause atherosclerosis and aggravate diabetic complications. Therefore, diabetics should adopt a low-sodium diet, and the daily salt content should be controlled within 3 grams. Soluble cellulose is beneficial to improve the metabolism of fat, cholesterol and sugar, can lose weight, and can eat more such foods in moderation.

Second, limit foods rich in starch and avoid foods high in sugar. Starch-rich foods (rice, white flour, potatoes, beans and cereals) are mainly decomposed into carbohydrates after entering the human body. Although it is the main source of body heat, it must be limited because it can be directly converted into sugar. Otherwise, the disease will be out of control. Diabetic patients can't eat sugar (white sugar, brown sugar, glucose, fruit candy, maltose, milk candy, chocolate, honey), sugar products (candied fruit, canned fruit, all kinds of sugary drinks, sugar cakes, jam and preserved fruit). Because these foods will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar levels, directly aggravate the condition and interfere with the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, it must be forbidden to eat.

Dietary guidelines for diabetes III. Restricting the intake of fat and protein Diabetes itself is the metabolic disorder of sugar, fat and protein caused by absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion. Diabetes is easy to be complicated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, we must strictly limit the intake of fat and high cholesterol foods such as animal viscera, egg yolk, roe, fat, squid, shrimp and crab, so as not to aggravate the disorder of lipid metabolism and cause hyperlipidemia. Diabetes is easy to be complicated with diabetic nephropathy. Excessive intake of protein will increase the burden on the kidneys. Therefore, protein intake of diabetic patients should be moderate. The American Diabetes Association suggests that the daily intake of protein by diabetics should be limited to less than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. Fourth, avoid spicy food. Diabetic patients should eliminate hunger, drink more when they are thirsty, take yin deficiency as the basis and dryness and heat as the standard. However, spicy foods such as pepper, ginger, mustard and pepper are warm, which easily consumes vaginal fluid and aggravates dryness and heat. Therefore, diabetics should avoid eating such condiments. 5. Stay away from alcohol and tobacco. In Du Yu, diabetics never drink alcohol in their lives. Because alcohol is irritating and hot, it will directly interfere with the energy metabolism of the human body and aggravate the condition. While taking hypoglycemic drugs, drinking alcohol will make blood sugar plummet, induce hypoglycemia and affect treatment. In addition, ethanol can accelerate the metabolism of hypoglycemic agents, shorten their half-life and affect the efficacy of drugs. Therefore, diabetic patients must avoid alcohol.

Fruits taboo in diabetic diet: grapes, peaches, apricots, cherries, lychees, bayberry, citrus, lemon, kumquat, orange, loquat, persimmon, sand fruit, jujube, golden jujube, black jujube, pineapple, longan, coconut, sugarcane, raisins, preserved fruit, hawthorn slices, persimmon and canned fruit. Fasting vegetables: beet, bergamot, bamboo shoots, lily, water chestnut, pentagram, taro, potato (potato), sweet potato (sweet potato), sugar garlic and potato chips. Eat less food: bread, steamed bread, flower rolls, pancakes, sesame cakes, rice cakes, zongzi, mung bean cakes, red bean paste, dried noodles, oily gluten, stinky tofu, tofu, etc. Vegetables to eat less: leek, coriander, Chinese toon bud, green onion, Chinese cabbage melon (zucchini and jiaozi melon), lotus root, potherb mustard seed, spiced Chinese cabbage, pepper, pickled cucumber, pickled mustard tuber and lotus root powder. Eat less fruits: apples, pears, carambola, mangoes, plums, watermelons and melons.

What are the symptoms of diabetes? 1. polyuria is due to high blood sugar, which exceeds the renal glucose threshold (8.89 ~ 10.0 mmol/L). Glucose filtered by glomerulus can not be completely reabsorbed by renal tubules, forming osmotic diuresis. The higher the blood sugar, the more urine sugar is excreted, and the more urine volume, and the 24-hour urine volume can reach 5000 ~ 10. 2. Diabetes patients will have more urine if they drink too much, so the body is prone to water shortage, so it will increase the number of times they drink water, which is also a symptom of diabetes. 3. The mechanism of eating more is not clear. Most scholars tend to be caused by the decrease of glucose utilization rate (the difference of glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood before and after entering and leaving tissue cells). When normal people are on an empty stomach, the difference of glucose concentration between arterial and venous blood decreases, which stimulates the feeding center and produces hunger. After eating, the blood sugar increased, the difference of arterial and venous blood concentration increased (above 0.829mmoL/L), the feeding center was inhibited, the satiety center was excited, and the feeding demand disappeared. However, due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin or the insensitivity of tissues to insulin, the ability of tissues to absorb and utilize glucose decreases. Although the blood sugar is at a high level, the concentration difference between arterial blood and venous blood is very small, and tissues and cells are actually in a "hungry state", which stimulates the feeding center and causes hunger and overeating. In addition, the body can't make full use of glucose, and a large amount of glucose is excreted from urine, so the body is actually in a state of semi-starvation, and insufficient energy also causes overeating.

4. Weight loss Although the appetite and food intake of diabetic patients are normal or even increased, the weight loss is mainly due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin or insulin resistance, and the body can't make full use of glucose to generate energy, resulting in enhanced decomposition of fat and protein, excessive consumption, negative nitrogen balance, gradual weight loss and even emaciation. Once diabetes is properly treated and well controlled, weight loss can be controlled or even recovered. For example, the weight of diabetic patients continues to decline or even rise during treatment.

Dietary guidelines for diabetes. Diabetic patients in fatigue life often have mental fatigue and physical exhaustion. This is because the glucose in the body can't be completely oxidized, that is, the human body can't make full use of glucose, release energy effectively, and lose water, electrolyte imbalance and nitrogen balance, so it feels weak and listless. 6. Decline of vision Many diabetic patients complain of decreased or blurred vision at the initial stage of treatment, which may be mainly caused by changes in lens osmotic pressure and lens diopter caused by hyperglycemia. The early stage is usually a functional change. Once the blood sugar is controlled, the vision can return to normal quickly. How to prevent diabetes 1? Overweight people lose weight. After losing 5%, even if you don't exercise, the chance of developing diabetes will be reduced by 70%. In other words, if you weigh 80 kilograms, you need to lose at least 4 kilograms. 2, sleep at least 6 hours a day, often sleep less than 6 hours, the risk of diabetes doubled. Sleep too little, the nervous system will be in a state of tension, affecting the hormones that regulate blood sugar. Therefore, in addition to trying not to stay up late, we should also pay attention not to drink coffee or tea before going to bed and avoid watching TV for a long time.

Despite the great pressure, you should relax for a quarter of an hour every day. The intense work and life will make people in a state of tension. Under stress, the human body enters the fighting mode, the blood sugar level rises, and it is ready to act at any time. This will lead to insulin resistance in cells in the body, and the glucose in the blood has nowhere to go, so there will be long-term hyperglycemia. Therefore, you must learn to relax yourself, such as doing yoga or meditation for a while after getting up, walking, listening to light music, and remembering to take deep breaths three times before doing anything.

Dietary guide to diabetes 4. Driving less than one day a week. Car owners should seize the time to exercise in their lives. A study in Finland found that people who exercise for more than 4 hours a week or 35 minutes a day can reduce their risk of diabetes by 80% even if they don't lose weight. 5. Spices are effective. A German study found that chemicals in cinnamon can activate the enzymes of insulin receptors and help lower cholesterol and triglycerides. 6. The research report published in Diabetes Care with someone around pointed out that the risk of diabetes among women living alone increased by 2.5 times. This may be related to their unhealthy living habits such as smoking and drinking. 7. Eat less fast food and red meat. The study found that compared with people who eat fast food less than once a week, people who eat fast food more than twice a week gain an average of 4.5 kilograms. People who eat red meat at least five times a week have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those who eat red meat less than once. People who like to eat processed meat such as bacon and hot dogs are at higher risk.

8. Drink a spoonful of vinegar before meals. A study by Arizona State University shows that people with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance drink about 2 tablespoons of vinegar before meals, and their blood sugar levels drop significantly. Dr. Carol Johnston, the research leader, said: "Acetic acid can inactivate some starch digestive enzymes and delay the digestion of carbohydrates." In fact, this effect of vinegar is similar to the oral hypoglycemic drug acarbose. Can diabetics drink milk? 1. Milk is a favorite drink for many people, because it can not only supplement the calcium needed by human body, but also whiten human skin. So can diabetics drink milk? In fact, diabetics can drink milk, because milk can provide a lot of nutrition.

Dietary guidelines for diabetes II. Urinary patients, like healthy people, should actually consume a reasonable proportion of fat, protein and sugar, or they will consume a lot of energy in the chemical plant of liver, just like transporting coal from north to south and transferring grain from south to north, which really doesn't count. 3. Milk contains 3.3%-3.5% milk protein, and the digestibility can reach 96%. Milk contains lysine, methionine, tryptophan and many other amino acids that are necessary for human body but cannot be synthesized in the body. Drinking more milk can ensure protein's adequate intake. The above is the dietary guide for diabetes introduced by Bian Xiao. For more health consultation, please pay attention to: 668 1 Health Network.