The legendary life of the last emperor of Southern Song Dynasty: The emperor went to Ma Xu, and then went to a monk.

"The dream of lakes and mountains is nothing. Goodbye, Yunlong, fly north. One day in the past 300 years, the sky and the clear water sighed. This is a sentence in Shao Yong's Plum Blossom Poem. Among them, it is a metaphor for the collapse of Zhao's 300-year-old foundation in the Song Dynasty. As Lu Xiufu fell into the sea, the "clear sky and clear water" swallowed up the last glimmer of hope in the Song Dynasty. However, in the first three years, the Mongolian army had captured Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. As the monarch of national subjugation at that time, Song Gongdi, who was only 6 years old, became a prisoner of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and began his legendary captive career for 47 years. Although the title of the king of national subjugation is not very good, it does not mean that everyone is incompetent. Although most of them are like this, there are always exceptions. After the demise of a dynasty, the emperor of the new dynasty will definitely not be able to keep the former monarch, because if the former monarch has the heart to rejuvenate the country, then the hard-won country will be handed over to others. 1274 died of excessive drinking and debauchery. At the age of four, he became emperor for Song Gongdi with the support of treacherous court official Jia Sidao. Grandmother thanked the Empress Dowager, and mother was the Empress Dowager, listening to politics. But the military power is still in Jia Sidao's hands. At the age of six, he was taken away for national subjugation. At the age of nineteen, he was forced to become a monk until his death. His life experience is extremely tragic. Jiangshan in the Song Dynasty was seized by Taizu from the orphans and widows of the Zhou Dynasty and finally lost to them. Later generations wrote a poem ironically: He cheated his orphans and widows when he was in Chen Qiaoyi that day. Who knows that more than 300 years later, orphans and widows were also bullied. When Zhao Xian ascended the throne, Jiangshan in the Song Dynasty was already in a state of anxiety. At that time, Kublai Khan, the ruler of Mongolia, thought that the emperor was young and the traitors were in power, which was a great opportunity to unify the Central Plains. Do you want to miss it? The army of the Yuan Dynasty has occupied the northern half of China. After controlling Xiangfan City, the most important passage in the south, he crossed the Yangtze River and headed for Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. On the one hand, Empress Xie ordered the country to be a "diligent king", on the other hand, she begged for peace with the Yuan Army. The sweeping Yuan Army is breaking through the defense lines around the country and handing over the states in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River one after another. Jia Sidao, an adulteress who dominated the three dynasties (Li Zong, Du Zong and Gong Zong) but was afraid of death, led 70,000 Song Jun to be stationed in Wuhu on the one hand, and sent envoys to the enemy camp for peace on the other, but was rejected. 1275, 30,000 troops led by Jia Sidao were defeated by the Yuan Army in Wuhu. Soon after, Xie, under the oppression of the whole country, had to kill Jia Sidao, but it was too late. The Song Dynasty is dead, and its demise is inevitable. In the middle of the same year, the Yuan Army had occupied more than half of Jiangdong (now Jiangsu Province). 12761October 18 yuan arrived in Lin 'an with troops led by him. The court in the Southern Song Dynasty failed to make peace and had to surrender to the Yuan Army. In the same year, Empress Xie surrendered to the Yuan Army with her five-year-old little emperor Zhao Xian. At this time, the remnants of the Song Dynasty, which have not been eliminated, established Duanzong Zhaoyun and Wang Wei Zhao Chang to continue their resistance, and the newly conquered areas were also filled with smoke. Kublai Khan realized that the fallen young emperor still had use value, and only by using him as a cover could he attract the courtiers of the Southern Song Dynasty who had not yet joined, so he named Zhao Xian lord protector and imprisoned Zhao Xian and others in high walls and deep palaces. Zhao Xian is cautious everywhere, drag out an ignoble existence, hoping to avoid persecution. At the age of twelve, Kublai Khan suddenly sent a letter to Zhao Xian to move to Shangdu and go to the remote hinterland of Mongolia. According to a monk told Kublai Khan at that time, from the astrological point of view, Saturn's evil emperor star, there will be people who want to harm the emperor, should be vigilant; I also heard that some people said that they would fight for the captured Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang. Kublai Khan foresaw that Zhao Xian and Wen Tianxiang were indeed a threat to his rule, so he killed Wen Tianxiang in most places and put Zhao Faxian in Shangdu. It turned out that Kublai Khan thought that the Southern Song Dynasty had been extinct for twelve years, and the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in the Central Plains was basically stable. Zhao Xian has no political and military use value, and it is lenient to prepare him to become a monk. To be sure, the confinement life in Beijing must be boring and monotonous. Moreover, after Zhao Xian was captured, there were few historical records, only some bits and pieces. According to records, 1282, Zhao Xian 12 years old, was sent from Beijing to live in Kaiping, Shangdu for six years. 1288, Kublai Khan "gave Zhao Xianbai a hundred ingots". But Kublai Khan does not intend to support them at this time, and plans to find a "promising" career for them. 10 days later, the decision came out. "Zhao Xian, the Duke of Won, studied Buddhism from Tufan", and his mother, the Queen, was ordered to become a nun. A mother and son were arranged to become monks by the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, they have separated. The distance from Shangdu (now east of Zhenglan nationality in Inner Mongolia) to Tubo (now * * * autonomous region) is close to Wan Li. Along the way, Zhao Xian crossed the grassland and the desert, and finally arrived in Tubo, and finally lived in the Canadian Temple. A Han nationality, alone in an environment where he can't speak, is unaccustomed to the environment and has no friends, has obviously formed a world of difference from his previous life! But Zhao Xian quickly adapted to this life and learned Tibetan. After years of hard study, he even became the abbot of the temple. Later, he translated the Hundred Ways of Enlightenment and the profound Theory of Righteousness in Enlightenment, and left an inscription on the title page, claiming to be "the magic weapon of becoming a monk" and being listed as a master translator by Tibetan historians. As a historical miracle, he made a valuable contribution to the cultural exchange between China and Tibet. In his third year in Zhi Zhi, he accidentally wrote a poem and was sentenced to death in Hexi, Gansu. His original poem reads as follows: How many times did the plum blossom open for Lin Hejing? Guests under the golden platform should not come back. The next sentence "Huang Jintai" in the poem is a place name, and there is an allusion: It tells that during the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang built a platform near Chaoyangmen and put his daughter on it to attract talents from all over the world. The ruler of the Yuan Dynasty thought that this sentence was Zhao Xian's complaint that he was an outsider, and he was dissatisfied. The last sentence in the poem is "Lin Hejing", a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, who has no intention of making meritorious deeds. He lives in build house, a lonely mountain in West Lake, Hangzhou, accompanied by Mei Shuhe. He is called "Mei's wife crane". After his death, Song Renzong spoke highly of his lofty ideals and called him "He Jingfu" in posthumous title. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was Zhao Xian who took this opportunity to express his inner resentment and seemed to be trying to promote the restoration. Regarding the ending of Zhao Xian, there is a sentence in the Chinese version of "Records of the Buddha's Past Dynasties": "In April of the third year of the Emperor, I gave the public a statue and died in Hexi, ordering all the monks to write scriptures and collect them." Some people think: "In the three years from the British Emperor to Zhi Zhi, the British Duke was granted death in Hexi." However, some people think that "giving to Ying Guogong" is an independent word, which does not mean being given to death. At least from the text, we can't see that Song Gongdi died suddenly, and behind it, "writing to monks and Confucianism and collecting scriptures" is the courtesy of the court. In any case, in the third year of Yuan Yingzong's rule, namely 1323, Song Gongdi ended his Lama career and 47 years of prisoner life, and he was 54 years old this year. Well, he lived in * * * for 35 years, during which he never set foot in the Central Plains and his dreamy hometown of Jiangnan! Historical Records: Digging deep and shallow historical stories, folk unofficial history, rambling about ancient history, telling the ancient road today.