How to improve the educational awareness of rural citizens

Reflections on strengthening the education of farmers' civic awareness in the new period

Citizen consciousness is the psychological and ideological basis of building a national democratic system, and the strength of citizen consciousness marks the degree of self-awareness of citizens as the main body of the country.

General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward an important proposition of strengthening civic awareness education in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which is of great significance. In rural areas, cultivating and bringing up new farmers with modern civic awareness is not only the fundamental way out for new rural construction, but also an important basic work for developing socialist democratic politics and building socialist political civilization in China.

1. Analysis of the reasons for the general lack of civic awareness of farmers in China at present "citizen" is a legal concept, which is essentially different from "subjects" and "subjects" in feudal society. China experienced a long feudal society, with no citizens, only rulers and subjects, and farmers were oppressed and exploited for a long time. Since the reform and opening up, China's civic awareness has been generally enhanced, but it is still relatively weak on the whole. Especially in the vast rural areas, farmers' civic awareness is generally lacking, which is manifested in the following aspects: farmers' scientific and cultural awareness needs to be improved, their awareness of independent subject needs to be strengthened, their awareness of rights and responsibilities is relatively weak, their awareness of democracy and the rule of law is relatively weak, and their awareness of teamwork needs to be strengthened. The fundamental reasons for the general lack of civic awareness of farmers in China mainly lie in the following two aspects.

The lack of civic awareness of farmers in China is influenced by historical factors. China experienced a long feudal society. As the oppressed subject, farmers are not only squeezed economically, but also deeply influenced by their traditional cultural thinking. Farmers in China, with traditional virtues such as hard work, kindness and perseverance, are used to being sent and enslaved subconsciously, only knowing their obligations, not knowing their rights, and lacking the subjective consciousness and independent spirit. Although after the founding of New China. The socialist democratic political system was established not long ago, but ideological innovation is a long-term process. The traditional subject thought still exists in the subconscious of farmers, which fetters farmers' thoughts, affects farmers' lives and seriously restricts the development of farmers' civic awareness, thus leading to the general congenital deficiency of farmers' civic awareness.

The lack of farmers' civic awareness in China is restricted by the real social environment, and civic awareness is the product of the new era. In the special historical period after liberation, the dual system of urban and rural areas was implemented throughout the country, which led to the unfair distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas. Urban schools are well-built and well-equipped, and the overall quality of teachers is relatively high. Rural primary and secondary schools lack teaching equipment, and the overall quality of teachers is not high. This unfair distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas continues to this day, resulting in the education level of rural population in China being significantly lower than the national average education level. Most farmers have a weak cultural background, and there are still a large number of illiterate and semi-illiterate farmers. Judging from the length of education of farmers, "among the 480 million rural laborers, the average length of education is 7.3 years, with a high school education level of 0.5%, a junior high school education level of 49.3% and a primary school education level of 0.2%" 4. The low overall quality of the labor force restricts the cultivation and improvement of farmers' civic awareness, which is far from meeting the requirements of building a new socialist countryside.

In addition, the lag of economic development has also hindered the civic awareness education of farmers to some extent. The government's manpower, material resources and financial resources are insufficient, and the quality of farmers has not really attracted the attention of the whole society, and the education and training of farmers has not attracted enough attention from relevant departments. These are all important factors that cause farmers' general lack of civic awareness.

Second, the main content of farmers' civic awareness education The core issue of modernization is the modernization of people, whose symbol is that people become citizens and have civic awareness. Farmers are the main body of building a new socialist countryside, and they need to have modern civic awareness. It is an inevitable requirement to strengthen education and improve farmers' civic awareness. At present, to promote the construction of new socialist countryside, we must pay attention to cultivating farmers' civic awareness such as scientific awareness, right awareness, responsibility awareness, civic awareness, rule of law awareness, market awareness, ecological awareness and health awareness, so as to ensure the healthy development of the construction of new socialist countryside.

Scientific Consciousness With the continuous development of education and the increasing popularization of scientific and cultural knowledge in China, the scientific and cultural level of the broad masses of farmers has been significantly improved. However, due to farmers' low education level and weak scientific awareness, farmers' ability to accept new things and learn to use new technologies has also been greatly hindered, and many new technologies and varieties have not been widely used and effectively promoted. Therefore, we should strengthen farmers' science and technology education and popular science propaganda, carry forward scientific spirit, spread scientific methods, carry out multi-level, multi-form and multi-channel rural practical technology training according to local conditions, and improve farmers' scientific awareness and level through cable broadcasting, holding scientific lectures and scientific bulletin boards.

Right consciousness, that is, citizens' understanding of the legality of certain acts entrusted to them by the Constitution and laws and their respect for the legitimate rights of others, is the most concentrated embodiment of civic consciousness and the core of modern civic consciousness. The core of right consciousness is that all power belongs to the people, and the people are the masters of the country, which requires citizens to establish the consciousness of right subject, that is, the consciousness of master status. Xie Pengcheng pointed out: "If a country generally lacks rights and interests, then its people can only wander on the road of autocracy and slavery." (2) Due to the far-reaching influence of the traditional subject thought, farmers' awareness of rights is weak and they are in a subordinate and passive position in political participation. Therefore, we must guide farmers to attach great importance to rights and let them feel the meaning of rights in an all-round way. Farmers can only learn to become citizens in the process of practicing specific civil rights and obligations.

Responsibility consciousness Responsibility consciousness is an important measure to measure the strength of a citizen's sense of ownership of the country. Citizens have both rights and responsibilities, and rights and responsibilities are unified.

Building a harmonious socialist society is the common task of the whole party and the whole country, and a harmonious society is a society shared by all the people. Therefore, we must unify the education of strong right consciousness with the education of conscious responsibility consciousness, enhance the peasants' love for socialism and their sense of identity with reform and opening up, and stimulate their strong sense of responsibility for building a harmonious socialist society, thus forming a vivid situation that "everyone is responsible for promoting harmony and everyone enjoys it".

Democratic consciousness democracy, in essence, is that the people are masters of their own affairs and conduct political governance according to the will of the people. In modern society, politics should not only belong to politicians, but also to politicians and all social classes. At present, Chinese farmers' democratic consciousness is generally low and they lack political enthusiasm. Most farmers are still stuck in the traditional thinking of "ruling by officials and the people" and do not realize that they have inalienable freedom and equal rights as citizens. In villagers' autonomy and village-level elections, although many people don't have a high evaluation of village-level leading bodies, they lack enthusiasm for participating in grassroots elections and refuse to actively improve the power operation of villages by standardizing elections. Therefore, we must cultivate and mobilize farmers' awareness of democratic participation, ensure farmers to exercise their democratic rights according to law, and constantly enhance farmers' awareness of democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision.

Consciousness of rule of law Consciousness of rule of law is the ideology of citizens to manage national political, economic and social affairs according to law. The legal quality of farmers is an important aspect of the whole national quality.

Comrade Deng Xiaoping profoundly pointed out: "Old China left us many traditions of feudal autocracy and few traditions of democracy and legal system." (4) As Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out, the concept of "rule by man" is deeply rooted in China society, which has seriously affected the implementation of laws and regulations on villagers' autonomy. After years of legal education, although the overall legal quality of Chinese farmers has been improved to a certain extent, the concept of "power is greater than law" still interferes with people's thinking, and it is still very common for farmers to understand, learn, understand and use the law. Therefore, we must actively promote legal education, urge farmers to know and abide by the law, improve farmers' awareness of the rule of law, and guide farmers to express their interests in a rational and legal form.

Market consciousness Market consciousness is the consciousness of seeking production according to the change of market demand and promoting development according to the law of market economy. For a long time, compared with cities, rural areas in China are backward in economy, inconvenient in transportation and blocked in information. This leads to farmers' weak market concept, lack of risk awareness and market competition awareness, unable to organize production and operation according to the changes in market demand, and difficult to adapt to the requirements of market economy, so farmers are often at a disadvantage in market competition, which is an important reason restricting the development of rural economy.

Therefore, we must guide farmers to actively adapt to the market economic system, get rid of the consciousness of small farmers, establish the consciousness of modern market economy, overcome the idea that small wealth is safe and enterprising, actively cultivate talents who can operate and understand management, actively adjust the industrial structure according to market changes, and improve the degree of marketization and organization of farmers.

Ecological Consciousness Ecological consciousness refers to the cognition and maintenance psychology of ecological knowledge and the significance of the normal operation of the ecosystem, including understanding ecological laws, maintaining ecological balance, resisting ecological destruction, and restraining one's own thoughts and behaviors to maintain the overall balance of the ecosystem. With the improvement of human ability to transform nature, the social ecological environment is deteriorating, and the ecological crisis has become a * * * crisis faced by all mankind. How to achieve the coordinated development between man and nature while maintaining rapid economic development has become a major issue that human beings must solve. "A human plan that is not based on the great laws of nature will only bring disaster." Therefore, popularizing ecological science knowledge in rural areas, advocating the concept of saving and protecting the environment and building an ecological home are the primary tasks to realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Health awareness For farmers who have been engaged in heavy physical labor for a long time, a healthy body is the physiological basis for getting rid of poverty and becoming rich and well-off. In the vast rural areas, a considerable number of farmers have outdated dietary concepts, weak nutrition awareness and poor health knowledge. The incidence of rural population has been high, and the phenomenon of farmers becoming poor and returning to poverty due to illness is more serious. Disease has become a serious restricting factor for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. Therefore, to cultivate farmers' health awareness is to actively advocate modern and healthy lifestyles, popularize health knowledge, carry out nutrition and health education, and help farmers develop good health habits.

Thirdly, the basic path to strengthen the education of farmers' civic awareness is accompanied by the process of modernization in China, which is the "subject consciousness" in farmers' traditional thoughts.

The gradual transformation to "civic awareness" provides a good political soil for the growth of farmers' civic awareness. As early as "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship", Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the famous conclusion that "the serious problem is to educate farmers" for the first time, and profoundly expounded the necessity and importance of educating farmers. Therefore, we must make it clear that high-quality farmers are the representatives of advanced productive forces in rural areas, fundamentally change farmers' traditional modes of production, lifestyle, communication and values, guide farmers to change traditional concepts, improve their cultural level and cultivate their spiritual sentiments through the practice of building a new countryside. In the process of becoming rich, civilized and building a new countryside, we should cultivate a large number of new farmers who are literate, knowledgeable in management, technology and law, adapt to the needs of modern agricultural construction and have modern civic awareness, so that farmers can truly become the value subjects and creative subjects of the great cause of building a new countryside and provide a strong human resource guarantee for building a harmonious society.

Strengthening scientific and cultural education and improving farmers' scientific quality is a new force in building a new countryside, and the improvement of scientific and cultural quality plays a decisive role in building a new countryside. Without the improvement of farmers' scientific and cultural quality, the cultivation of farmers' civic awareness lacks fundamental support.

Strengthen rural compulsory education and improve farmers' scientific and cultural quality. Basic education is the basic project to cultivate new farmers, which is directly related to the quality education of rural teenagers, and the quality education of rural teenagers will directly determine the quality of future farmers in China. Therefore, we must attach great importance to rural basic education, increase investment in rural compulsory education, do a good job in popularizing nine-year compulsory education, comprehensively improve the quality of rural population, unswervingly adhere to the status of "two basics", continue to expand the scope of "two exemptions and one subsidy", implement free compulsory education, accelerate the development of rural education, and strengthen the cultivation of civic awareness.

Vigorously develop vocational education and adult education and create an atmosphere of lifelong learning. To some extent, the quality of farmers has become a bottleneck restricting rural reform and development in China. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the development of rural vocational and technical education and adult education, eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged rural people, popularize cultural and scientific knowledge, improve farmers' vocational skills, attach importance to the cultivation of practical technical personnel, combine education with production practice, and actively do a good job in training, popularizing and applying various practical technologies so that farmers can master the most advanced agricultural science and technology as soon as possible. 2. Strengthen the education of socialist concept of honor and disgrace and improve the ideological and moral quality of farmers. In recent years, rural areas are the key areas where religious forces infiltrate, and the concept of clan has risen in some places. In some villages, feudal superstitious activities such as fortune telling, fortune telling, spelling and geomantic omen have spread, and gambling habits have resurfaced. This has caused great security risks to society. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the education of farmers' socialist concept of honor and disgrace, extensively carry out the education of changing customs and new styles of civilization among farmers, resolutely oppose and resist feudal superstitions and cult activities, and strive to form interpersonal relationships of unity and mutual assistance, equality and friendship, civilization and harmony, and progress. It is necessary to further improve farmers' ideological and moral quality, cultivate farmers' modern civic awareness, stimulate their enthusiasm for loving and building their hometown, and make them consciously safeguard the overall situation of rural reform, development and stability and actively participate in the construction of new countryside.

Strengthen the publicity and education of democracy and legal system, and improve farmers' awareness of democracy and legal system. The weakness of civic awareness directly affects the formation and perfection of the checks and balances mechanism in political operation and hinders the process of political democratization. At present, in the increasingly market-oriented society, the importance of traditional blood relationship and geographical relationship in daily life is decreasing, and the distribution and adjustment of interests are no longer realized through the traditional customs of acquaintance society, but through institutionalized laws. Therefore, we should actively cultivate farmers' democratic consciousness and lay the necessary ideological and cultural foundation for the people to be masters of their own affairs. In the face of the fact that farmers' legal quality and awareness of participating in and discussing state affairs are generally low, we should guide farmers to consciously use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests by strengthening the popularization of law, sending the law to the countryside and providing legal assistance to farmers. It is necessary to improve the system of village affairs openness and democratic deliberation, guarantee the peasants' right to know, participate, choose and supervise, and constantly improve their awareness of democracy and the rule of law.

In a word, the basic unit of modern countries is citizens, not subjects. The awakening and cultivation of civic awareness is the only way for China to build a modern country. The cultivation of farmers' modern civic awareness is a long-term process. We must closely combine the reality of new rural construction, comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality of farmers from the aspects of science and education culture, management, health, ideology and morality, democracy and rule of law, cultivate farmers' civic awareness, establish a brand-new image of farmers, and lay a solid human resource foundation for building a harmonious socialist society.