Does anyone know anything about nickel smelting? I asked!

This is an introduction about butyl nickel smelting that I saw on Shanghai Nonferrous Net (), hoping to help the landlord. Nickel smelting raw materials and production method 0t; The nickel content in the crust of ~1y4p * b (j1.5.1nickel raw material # D# }* h( F 1 j/ m4 {$ q) is estimated to be about 0.02%, which is twice the sum of copper, lead and zinc. However, no matter what kind of mineral nickel is, most of it must be processed to obtain nickel concentrate before it can be used for smelting. 2 ` $ n-~ 7}) X6 | $ r1.5.1nickel ores-E8W6E8t1M4 \: C9KY-~ * S. Nickel oxide ores and nickel arsenide ores. Nickel-bearing minerals in nickel arsenide ore are NiAs, NiAs2 and NiAsS, and only a small amount of these minerals are produced in Morocco in North Africa. About 70% of modern nickel production comes from nickel sulfide ore and 30% from nickel oxide ore. /V+ e: V- N！ J5 y:C)U； x9 I； O9 a. Nickel sulfide+? 5 r# j！ 1. 5. Nickel sulfide ore widely existing in nature is (Ni, Fe)S, with a specific gravity of 5 and a hardness of 4. The second is needle-like nickel sulfide ore NiS (specific gravity 5.3, hardness 2.5). In addition, there are pyroxene nickel ore 3NiS FeS (specific gravity 4.8, hardness 4.5), cobalt-nickel pyrite (NiCO)3S4 or amphibole nickel ore (Ni, SbS) and so on. ? -U) ]7 t+ DB。 Nickel oxide ore1I; U5a0a6an8v1~ * o nickel oxide ore is a silicate ore produced by weathering serpentine containing 0.2% nickel. Unlike copper ore, nickel oxide ore is generally not related to sulfide ore. The common nickel oxide minerals are serpentine, slip surface dark nickel serpentine and nickel chlorite, and their compositions can generally be expressed by (Ni MgO)SiO nH2O. Oxidized ores contain almost no copper and platinum group elements, but often contain cobalt, and the ratio of nickel to cobalt is generally 25-30: 1. One of the characteristics of nickel oxide ore is that the nickel content and gangue composition in the ore are very uneven Because of the existence of a large amount of clay, another feature of nickel oxide ore is its high water content, generally 20-25%, up to 40%. Nickel oxide ore usually contains very low nickel content. Only in a very small amount of rich ore can the nickel content reach 5 ~10% .5m0g (` $ o # a/l% b-j * S3 ~ \&; MC。 Nickel arsenic ore 1 ~" p- q2 f: t" V6 b nickel arsenic ore was discovered very early (1865), which played an important role in the history of nickel smelting, but no large deposit of this type was found later, so the extraction of nickel from nickel arsenic ore is limited to a few countries. Nickel arsenic minerals include NiAs(NiAs 2) and nickel arsenite (Niass)-I) v "H2X4 |"] E8z1.5.1.3 nickel concentrate1D6s) t% y5zv5p # of nickel ore, automatic arsenic nickel ore or arsenic nickel ore. Compared with other metal smelting, the grade of concentrate entering nickel smelter is much lower, the composition of gangue is complex, and the technical difficulty of nickel smelting is greater. The raw materials used in the smelter of Jinchuan Group, the largest nickel producer in China, are mainly self-produced copper and nickel concentrates, supplemented by some purchased raw materials, so as to ensure the increasing output of nickel products year by year. * u &； 【f！ ? 6 [7m+y # h% _ 9] a. Chemical composition of copper-nickel concentrate 5c0u; I$ N( C4 {) O4 R Jinchuan Company uses the following concentrate raw materials: # E- {1 R# H6 {3 r H: a chemical component (%) of Jinchuan late copper-nickel concentrate, and U* H. W. I Y9 q# _* b% f furnace-type Ni Cu Fe Co S SiO 2 Cao MgO 4x (O *). ; The main metal mineral components of nickel sulfide concentrate of v3 H 1 C Jinchuan Company are nickel pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, etc. Gangue minerals mainly include serpentine, talc and chlorite. Gangue minerals are silicate minerals with high iron and magnesium, which become slag minerals and are abandoned in electric furnace or flash furnace smelting. ? * q！ Production method of }9 l 1.5.2 nickel 0D9Y, H.} 4 | * f% 2a1.5.2.1nickel pyrolysis 4 H3 G! J, u7l $] (\ (n1n5zy1.5.2.2 Nickel hydrometallurgy 5 _/a2t; t！ k8 \ 2d； K$ w 1.5.2. 1 nickel "O6 {,{2s&; Mountain Pyrolysis of nickel oxide ore: -z. Q:H8', \: DB. Pyrolysis of nickel sulfide ore: 4x6v9m) d: m (|/q a. Pyrolysis of nickel oxide ore: 2 H! Y7N, d/l a. Blast furnace reduction smelting → injection → electric furnace reduction → crude nickel ingot, 7 E$ N% _) _0 ]) I: a8 Y b. Electric furnace reduction smelting → ferronickel; 1 V 1 j！ C f* J% f2 d5 k' k f c Smelting granular iron in rotary kiln → Nickel-containing granular iron; -Y4 l5 B& amplifier; C. [(l $ o # x d. Blast furnace smelting → ferronickel-ferrophosphorus. /S. [8 [4 @ 7T5D4 Yb. Pyrolysis of nickel sulfide ore:% S7 ]# U) F* C9 ~3 u" M) Da. Blast furnace smelting → converter blowing → layered smelting → casting → electrolytic refining → X Y$ Q4 d" q$ s c2 u$ }' O b. reverberatory furnace smelting → converter blowing → grinding and flotation separation → smelting and casting → electrolytic refining → nickel electroplating; * N * T-D 1J8P 1O8L C. Electric furnace smelting → grinding and flotation separation → melting and casting → electrolytic refining → electrolytic nickel plating; @/c (z+s $ a: m: L. \ d. Flash furnace smelting → grinding flotation separation → melting casting → electrolytic refining → electrolytic nickel plating; 4 x, J2 B3 `* k6 N( @ In addition, nickel pellets or nickel powder can be prepared by "h$ `8 y$ F4 o3 `( F# ~ carbonyl method) through the above smelting method and oxygen top-blown converter. U q:I% y9'+z 1. 5. 2. 2 Nickel hydrometallurgy' G8 M0 x$ d( s6 I, xA. Oxidized ore hydrometallurgy: * q1B3} 3p0y * m/5f+g: r1f $ a6553. Q-B A. Wet smelting of oxide ore: -g! R $ i "r+J3RL \ a. High pressure acid leaching → hydrogen sulfide reduction → nickel sulfide concentrate; )N- l！ O$ i！ F9 t7 T9 @b b. Reduction roasting → ammonia leaching → hydrogen reduction → nickel powder and nickel block; , c & t3 ~ 0 @/e2gb. Wet smelting of nickel sulfide ore: p, [(O3 z&; V5 P9 J a. Acid leaching at atmospheric pressure → reduction smelting → electrolytic refining → nickel electroplating; (m* e3 F @。 M2？ B _ high pressure ammonia leaching → hydrogen reduction → nickel powder.4h7b 4h7b * u7q # u；; J2 v6 z nickel mine has the characteristics of low grade, complex composition, many associated gangue and difficult treatment. Therefore, the production method of nickel is complicated. According to the different types and grades of ores and the requirements of users, we can produce many different forms of products, usually pure nickel: electrolytic nickel, nickel pellets, nickel ingots and nickel powder; Impure nickel: sintered nickel oxide and ferronickel, etc. In recent years, due to the development of alloy steel smelting technology, most enterprises that use pure nickel as raw material to produce alloy steel and stainless steel have switched to impure nickel because it is more economical. Click: /viewthread.php? Tid = 438726 & Highlight =%C4%F8%D2%B 1%BD%F0