The main dance forms of Zhuang nationality

Pole dancing: also called "beating Lv Lie" and "Gulang". Spread in villages such as Mashan and Du 'an in Guangxi. The word "Gulang" in Zhuang language means a wooden mortar for holding rice. In the past, the Zhuang people hollowed out logs to make rice and used wooden pestles to make rice. This dance originated from cooking. At first, it was performed around a wooden mortar, and later it was developed to beat the bench with a bamboo pole. It can be said that only the "pole dance" of the Zhuang nationality is a prop dance that is more lively and free than the original form, and its sound rhythm is more diverse and beautiful. This dance can not only show the labor process of transplanting rice, harvesting, threshing and threshing rice, but also retain the quaint charm accompanied by the knocking of bamboo tubes. "Pole Dance" is especially popular among middle-aged women. The number of performers is generally four, and more than ten people are a group. They either play the bench together or cross each other, one after another, and dance in an orderly way. On the night of the Spring Festival, there are lights everywhere, people organize their own percussion and dances, laughter bursts, the village boils, and there is a scene of bumper harvest. There is a saying in Zhuang Yan that "the first month is full of spring, and there is a bumper harvest everywhere this year".

Rice-throwing dance: It was originally the "rice-throwing hall" of Yue and Ou people in Gudelo, and later developed into a multi-ethnic song and dance form. For example, the rice dance of Buyi and Li nationalities, the inspiration of Wa nationality, the inspiration of Gaoshan nationality and so on. Clam dancing has existed since ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Geng described the sound of rice-beating in Ling Biao Ji: "There is a dining hall in Guangnan, which is made of muddy wooden pits and has about ten ridges on both sides. It stands between men and women and uses rice and grain to beat both sides of the trough. As for the word "pound hall", Zhou Qufei in the Song Dynasty explained in "A Generation Beyond the Ridge": "When the valley falls, the sound is like a monk's temple wooden fish, and the female companion uses rhyme, so it is called pound hall ..." So, pound hall is a woman who beats rice rhythmically. In other areas, it is called "Dancing" and "Beijing Dance".

Jade Bird Dance: It is popular in Wuxuan Zhuang area in Liuzhou. Props are made of bamboo and birds, covered with green silk and sewn with green hair as feathers. The local people like this emerald bird, which has green fur, crisp sound and gentle temperament, and regards it as a symbol of good luck. During the Spring Festival, one person dressed as Pei Cuibird and the other as an old man, holding the bird together to ask about the wishes of various New Year performances. During the performance, the dancer enters the props and holds or hooks the bird's head, eyes, mouth and wing joystick with both hands. The bird's head rotates, its eyes open and its mouth cackles, showing the intimate and moving dynamics of flying, foraging, drinking, bathing and dozing. After the dance, pull out a "feather" from the props and give it to the host, wishing the family prosperity. The host rewards wine, meat and red envelopes. Sending blessings along the door can be associated with the performance of Han Yangko. The performance technique is similar to that of Dai peacock dance, and the dance of various bird-shaped props is integrated with the wisdom and creation of the Zhuang people.

Frog flip dance: that is, "frog flip dance" The local people call the frog Ranguai, and there is a legacy of sacrificing Ranguai. Every year, on the "Strange Festival" of the first lunar month, people will perform a series of dances related to frogs, which are popular in Guangxi's Tiane, Nandan, Fengshan, Hongshuihe and other Zhuang areas.

The grand activities of "Muguai Festival" can be divided into two parts, one is folk activities such as "finding frogs", "mourning frogs" and "burying frogs", and then a series of performances of frog strange dance began. The venue is located in a wide field, with sedan chairs made of colored paper and colorful flags such as dragons, phoenixes, tigers and frogs inserted on both sides. On the field opposite the sedan chair, two bronze drums are hung, next to which is a band composed of gongs and drums and suona, and two big leather drums. Various performances were performed between the bronze drum and the leather drum, and two actors wearing masks and long skirts beat the leather drum to conduct. The dance series includes: the birth of frogs, the worship of frogs, the worship of bronze drums, frogs' fists, knife and stick dancing, harrowing fields, transplanting rice, fishing shrimps, spinning and weaving, etc. Finally, the dance of Qingfeng. In this series of dances, except Frog Born, four actors all wore different masks and life clothes. Children dressed as frogs are wearing shorts and painted with black and white frog patterns all over their bodies, jumping around, showing the appearance of looking for food and catching insects, happy and playful. In addition, there is a nanny and a fortune teller to maintain order and an active atmosphere during the performance.

Frog flip dance is a folk dance discovered in recent years. Like the frog image painted on the bronze drum, it is a manifestation of frog worship psychology. In the folklore of Zhuang nationality, the frog is the son of Thor in the sky and the messenger who decides the rain on earth. Frog worship and sacrificial activities are related to the adequacy of rain and the agricultural harvest of that year. Therefore, there is such a folk dance. Although the content and performance forms of dances vary from place to place, there are dances reflecting working life, all of which are performed with masks, reflecting the characteristics of the integration of various dance cultural factors.

Sanlingwei Bai people-"Sanlingwei" is a traditional festival of the Bai people in Dali, Yunnan Province. Every year, a grand ritual song and dance activity is held for three consecutive days from April 23rd to 25th of the lunar calendar. At that time, villagers from all over the country will line up automatically in costumes, guided by two elderly people holding willow branches, talking and singing, and the masses will sing along with them, followed by performance teams such as Bawangbian, Octagonal Drum and Shuangfeiyan, which are very lively. This custom has a long history. In the past three days, we spent the night along Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake. On the first day, we lived in Shengyuan Temple near Suzhou. On the second day, we lived in the seaside city of love. Finally, we ended our activities in Ma Jiuyi, east of the Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple. According to the Records of Dali County during the Republic of China, "the 23rd, 4th and 5th days are the' Left and Right Three Spiritual Meetings'. In the Western Zhou Dynasty Shengyuan Temple, people living in the countryside were superstitious, and now it is forbidden to abolish it and the statues are destroyed. " Nowadays, the ancient style still exists, and it has become a mass entertainment activity.

"Around the Three Souls" is also called "Around the Mountain Forest", and there are different opinions about its origin. If we look at the time of the activity, it happens to be the time before and after transplanting rice between Grain Rain and Mangzhong, and its purpose obviously means singing and dancing to pray for rain, and its form is similar to that of Yangko in the north. As mentioned in Lu You's poem "Sometimes" quoted in the previous chapter, the timely rain of awn seeds is beneficial to the growth of seedlings, and the harvest of that year is expected. In addition, the willow branches in the hands of team leaders also have the meaning of asking for rain in folk customs. Like the umbrella head of Han Yangko, the umbrella and tiger brace are symbols of good weather and human and animal safety, and the improvisation and gag of the leader are similar to those of the umbrella head. The difference between the two is only the venue and the specific form of activities. For example, a three-day tour around Cangshan Lake and Erhai Lake highlights the characteristics of walking around the temple, incense and staying.

Bai props dance also has its own characteristics, such as "overlord whip" performed by women, while men dance with octagonal drums and "flying swallows". Shuangfeiyan, decorated with four small bamboo boards, decorated with ribbons, performed with both hands. Although it is the same as the "Hand Yu Zi" of the Northeast Errenzhuan, it is more of a dance with a distinctive name. The headscarves and costumes of white flag men are unique and have a strong national color, which is naturally different from the dynamic image when dancing with octagonal drums and swallows. Octagonal drum props are actually hexagonal now. How the original shape evolved, whether the hexagon is easy to dance in the hand, or what other reasons remain to be further verified. As for the white flag folk dance, it is self-evident that it is deeply influenced by China culture.

Fighting Dance of Shui Nationality-"Fighting Dance" is a folk dance showing two bulls fighting, which is popular in Sandu Shui Nationality Community in the upper reaches of Liu Du. Cows are loyal friends of farmers who can't talk. In the past, cattle were an important production tool for agricultural labor. Therefore, since ancient times, farming people have loved cows. They praise cows through various artistic forms, express their love for cows, and place people's wishes for a bumper harvest in agriculture. Some ethnic groups also have customs and festivals related to cattle. Among Chinese folk dances, the Han nationality has "Buffalo Dance" and "Cow Lantern", the Zhuang nationality has "Spring Cow Dance", the Dong nationality has "Teasing Spring Cow" and the Bai nationality has "Playing Cow Dance". Miao, Dong, Yao, Buyi and other ethnic groups all have the habit of bullfighting. Mulao people have the custom of respecting cows and "Niuwang Festival", while Shui people have created a unique "fighting dance". The ancestor of Shui nationality is a branch of Baiyue people in ancient times. They are good at growing rice and love farming cattle. I like it when I see the adjacent Miao and Dong bullfights in the New Year, but I can't bear to let the cows be scarred. So they came up with a way to replace cows with horn props, and they held props to show the competitive performance of two cows fighting at the top corner. Therefore, it is called "gladiator dance".

The prop of "fighting corner dance" is to install a pair of special horns on the hat first, and the dancer dances with the hat in both hands. Later, two small mirrors were inlaid to make the cow's eyes clear. The lower end of the hat is decorated with broken flower strips decorated with chicken feathers, and a long silk is nailed to the back to cover the dancer's back, making the props more beautiful. During the performance, the dancers shook the props, the "bull's eye" flashed in the sun, and the feather cloth fluttered like a fierce bull with wide eyes. Accompanied by the music, another "bull" jumped up and ran over, and its two horns collided. Then, either stretch out your hand or pull, up and down, flash around, and fight like a bee. Compared with the bullfighting of Miao and Dong people, the tense and warm atmosphere has a different taste.

The dance is based on "wave step". It is said that this kind of footwork was created by the ancestors of the Shui nationality imitating the waves. Because the cow looks around, shakes its hair, rolls and other dynamics and footwork, it highlights the docile and naive side of the cow and also reveals people's deep love for the cow. Accompaniment instruments include "Three Drips of Water" (Lusheng with three different timbres) and bronze drums. Ancient music endows dance with quaint and warm colors. The performance of "Doujiao Dance" reminds people of the description of "Jiao Jiao" in ancient hundred plays in ancient books. The ancient book "Yi Shu Ji" records the "Chiyou Opera" in ancient Jizhou: "Its people are in twos and threes, and the corners of the Han Dynasty collide with each other, covering its legacy." As can be seen from this quotation, "Doujiao Dance" is the remains of ancient Jiaodui drama.

Buyi textile dance-Buyi's "textile dance", also known as "weaving dance", is popular in Guizhou Huishui, Luodian, Wangmo and other Buyi inhabited areas. The ancestors of the Buyi nationality are a branch of the ancient Baiyue people, which was called "China and Canada" in ancient times. They are famous for their textiles and batiks, and their ingenious "Chinese armour cloth" has long been famous all over the world. Among the ethnic minorities in southern China, Zhuang, Dai and Li women are mostly good at textile and embroidery, while Zhuang brocade, Dai brocade and Li brocade have their own advantages and can compete with each other. There are also many dances reflecting textiles and embroidery among these ethnic groups, which show the agricultural cultural characteristics of China since ancient times, but this form of expression, such as Buyi textile dance, can be said to be unique.

"Textile Dance" is usually a group of three people, with two wooden sticks with flat middle and round ends as props. Two men stood opposite each other, clutching the two ends of the props, and a woman stepped on the middle of the props with her feet, that is, stood on a wooden stick more than one meter above the ground to perform. During the performance, the two closely cooperated with the movements of women's feet to make the wooden stick swing up and down and left and right regularly, just like a loom spinning with a shuttle under the control of a girl, which is wonderful. Although the actor hangs on a stick, he is as dexterous as usual in front of the loom, showing the process of spinning, drawing and weaving in detail. The actor's steady leg movements and bold performance are amazing.

Buyi women are famous for their virtue of hard work and hard work. They work in the fields like men during the day and weave in front of the loom at home at night. Hard work has trained their dexterous hands and sharp eyes, and created exquisite textile dances, thus imparting textile skills to future generations and promoting beauty and goodness. With the development of rural economy, the ancient textile machinery has been gradually eliminated. However, the exquisite textile skills of Buyi people are still developing, and the textile dance crystallized by people's wisdom has become a bright pearl in Buyi folk dance.