Lingzhou fortune-telling _ Lingxian divination

Author's brief introduction, book background, work theme and famous quotations from Water Margin and Robinson Crusoe.

As China's first novel praising the peasant uprising, Water Margin vividly describes the whole process of Liangshan heroes from uprising to prosperity and finally to failure, especially by writing about the different life experiences and resistance roads of many rebellious heroes, which clearly shows the theme of "officials forcing the people to rebel". The Water Margin was originally named "The Legend of the Hawks in the Jianghu" or "The Water Margin". The title of Water Margin was ordered by the Water Margin of Luo Guan (12), and books were banned at that time. The author of Water Margin has always been controversial. It is generally believed that it was written by Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong according to the story of Sung River Uprising circulated among the people. This is the first novel written in vernacular in the history of China. Lang Yingqi's manuscript once said, "The Three Kingdoms and Sung River was compiled by Luo Guanzhong, a native of Hangzhou. Give meaning to the old, there must be books, so it is called compilation. " Sung River is also recorded in Shi Naian's book "Hundred Rivers Record" by Gao Ru in Qiantang: "There are 100 volumes of loyalty and righteousness. When the author is mentioned in Shi Naian Ben of Qiantang and The Water Margin of Loyalty edited by Li Zhi by Luo Guanzhong, it is said to be "Stone and Luo Gong". In addition, Tian Rucheng's Notes on the West Lake and Chen Shi both contain Luo Guanzhong's writings. Hu Yinglin's "Shao Shi Shan Fang Bi Ji" is said to be "compiled by a historian in Wulin" and "passed down from generation to generation in the name of Naian". To sum up, there are three viewpoints in Ming Dynasty: the theory of "Zhi", the theory of Luo Guanzhong and the theory of history, and the theory of Romania's cooperation. At present, most academic circles think that it was written by Shi Naian. Shi Naian's date of birth and death is unknown. It is generally believed that he was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Wu Mei's Gu Qu Tan records that Shi Naian was a favorite of the playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty, which is not very reliable. From the1920s, it was originally named Biography of Hawks in Jianghu, and was officially published as Song Jiang. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Legend of Heroes together with Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Su, such as epitaphs and biographies in Ma Family Tree, Ma Biography and Tragedy Wang Biography. However, there are many contradictions and obvious unbelievability in these materials, so the academic circles have different opinions on the authenticity of these materials, and most researchers are skeptical and need further study. According to the folk story of Sung River Uprising. The book tells the story of officials forcing the people to revolt and Liangshan heroes gathering to revolt at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and reproduces the whole process of peasant uprising in feudal times from occurrence, development to failure. Created heroic images such as Lin Chong, Zhang Shun, Wu Yong, Lu, etc. It is one of the excellent novels in ancient China. American woman writer Pearl Buck translated it into English as The Water Margin (that is, all men are brothers in the four seas), and there are foreign versions called 105 Tales of Men and Three Women and Stories Happening by the River.

Shi Naian (1296 ~ 137 1), a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, was born in Baijuchang, Xinghua (now Jiangsu). Originally from Quanzhou, Fujian, he lived in Shi Jia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province). He wrote a long classic novel "Water Margin" based on the story of Sung River Uprising circulated among the people. Life story water margin

When I was in Song Zhezong, there was a homeless boy named Gao Qiu in Tokyo. He plays chess well, but he has no other specialty. After many tossing and turning, few people are willing to take Gao Qiu in and finally work in a mansion. The master knew Duan Wang, the younger brother of Emperor Hui Zong, and was loved by Duan Wang, becoming his confidant. Later, Duan Wang became emperor. This is Hui Zong. In less than half a year, Gao Qiu was promoted to commander of the temple army. On his first day in office, Gao Qiu severely punished Wang Jin on the grounds that Wang Jin had not arrived due to illness, forcing Wang Jin to flee Tokyo with his mother. The reason is that Gao Qiu was once taught a lesson by Wang Jin's father for gathering people to oppress the people, and Gao Qiu wanted to take the opportunity to attack Wang Jin to settle old scores. Wang Jin had no choice but to design an escape. On the way, I came to Shijia Village in Huayin and was taken in by Shijin's father. Later, he was worshipped as a master by his son Shi Jin. Later, due to Gao Qiu's hot pursuit, Wang Jin had to bid farewell to Shi Jin and defected to Yan 'an Mansion. After Wang Jin left, Shi Jin made friends with the leaders of Shaohua Mountain. After knowing this, Huayin county magistrate framed Shi Jin for having an affair with bandits, and Shi Jin burned Shijiazhuang for this. Shi Jin had to leave Huayin to find Wang Jin. When passing through Weizhou, I met Lu Da, the satrap of Weizhou, and Jong Li, Shi Jin's master. The three of them came to the restaurant to drink. I was drinking when suddenly there was crying from next door. Ruda, who was reckless and generous, asked the bartender to bring the crying man. The Kim family's father and daughter were taken away, and the daughter cried and said: Because there is no place to visit relatives in Weizhou, Zheng Tu of Zhuangyuanqiao butcher shop took advantage of the danger of others and wanted to marry my daughter to be a concubine. Now she has been driven out, and Zheng Tu asked my father and daughter to give him money. After hearing this, Lu Da was furious and determined to punish Zheng Tu. The next morning, Lu Da saw off the Kim family's father and daughter and went to the butcher shop in Zhuangyuanqiao. First, he let Zheng Tu cut the meat himself. After teasing the villain, he ended his life with three punches. Immediately left Weizhou. Half a month later, Mr. Zhao came forward and sent Luda to Wutai Mountain to become a monk, with profound dharma name and wisdom. After leaving Wutai Mountain, Lu managed a vegetable garden at Suoguo Temple in Tokyo. One day, Lu practiced martial arts in the garden, pulled up poplars in public, and then threw instruments at everyone. Lin Chong accompanied his wife to the Yue Temple to make pilgrimages, and they hit it off at once. Just as I was happy, the maid came to report that someone was molesting my wife. Lin Chong rushed to Yue Temple and saw that it was Gao Taiwei's adopted son, so he had to let him go, say goodbye and go home. Gao Yanei (son of Gao Qiu) saw that Lin Chong's wife was beautiful and wanted to marry her. Fu 'an, the pawn, offered a plan to Gao Qiu to trick Lin Chong into taking Baodao into the White Tiger Hall. Lin Chong was arrested and sent to Cangzhou for assassination. Gao Qiu also sent a bribe to kill Lin Chong in the boar forest. Thanks to the secret protection, Lin Chongcai survived. In Cangzhou, Gao Qiu sent his minions to set fire to the forage field to kill Lin Chong. Unbearable, Lin Chong killed his minions and went to Liangshan with the help of Chief Chai. Wang Lun, the leader of the shanzhai, was jealous of Lin Chong and asked him to go down the mountain as a warlord to kill people. Lin hurried down the mountain and waited for three days before he saw a man pass by. This man is Yang Zhi, the blue-faced beast. Lin Chong fought with him for a long time, but he didn't win or lose. Wang Lun persuaded them to invite Yang Zhi up the mountain. Lin Chong joined the team in the fourth place, while Yang Zhi refused to join the team and went south to Tokyo. Yang Zhi had nowhere to ask for help in Tokyo, so he had to sell his ancestral treasure knife to earn some money. Niu Er, a rogue, made trouble without reason and tried to get a nod, but Yang Zhi killed him. Yang Zhichong joined the army and left Daming Fu Company. Liang Zhongshu, the son-in-law who stayed in Cai Jing, took a fancy to Yang Zhi's martial arts and asked Yang Zhi to escort a birthday class worth 65,438+10,000 yuan to Tokyo to celebrate Cai Jing's birthday. Liu Tang, a red-haired ghost, persuaded Classical to rob this batch of ill-gotten gains. Classical told Xing Wu, the intellectual star, to find a way. Wu Yong invited six people, including Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan and Gongsun Sheng, and decided to grab these birthday classes in Huangnigang. Yang Zhi and his party came to Huangnigang. Chao Gai and others pretended to be jujube merchants. When Yang Zhi's men were buying wine and drinking, they threw the medicine in, drugged them and robbed the birthday class. When Yang Zhi woke up, he found that the birthday class had been robbed. Knowing that disaster was imminent, he went to Erlong Mountain in Qingzhou as a robber. Liang Zhongshu informed Cai Jing that the birthday program had been robbed, and Cai Jing ordered Jeju to catch thieves. Jeju magistrate sent He Tao to take charge of the case, only to find that it was Chao Gai and others, and He Tao took people to Yun (pronounced "Yu N") cities and counties to arrest Chao Gai. Baozitou linchong

Song Jiang, an escort in the county, is a good friend of Chao Gai. When he heard the news, he immediately informed Classical. Classical burned his manor, defeated He Tao and led the people to the water margin. Wang Lun made things difficult for him and refused to take him in. Lin Chong was furious, killed Wang Lun and elected Classical as the leader of water margin. After defeating the loyalist and stabilizing the water margin, Classical sent Liu Tang to thank Song Jiang with letters, gold and silver. Song Jiang returned the gold and silver and hid the letters. Halfway through, he was stopped and dragged Song home to betrothed his daughter to Song Jiang to thank him for his support over the years. Song Jiang doesn't care about women, and barely stays at her house for one night. But when the letter was discovered by Yan Poxi, she asserted that Sung River had secret contact with the water margin and would report to the official. Sung river begged for nothing. In a rage, he killed Yan Poxi and fled back to Songjiacun. The magistrate of a county sent Zhu Tong and Lei Heng to catch Song Jiang, but he deliberately let Song Jiang go and let him hide in Chai Jin Zhuang. Song Jiang became brothers with Song Wu who fled here. Song Wu recovered and bid farewell to Song Jiang to find his brother Wu Dalang. Song Wu killed the tiger when he passed Jingyanggang, and was appointed as the captain of the infantry by Yanggu magistrate. One day, Song Wu met his brother in yanggu county. Wu Dalang was very happy and led Song Wu home. Sister-in-law Pan Jinlian saw that Song Wu was burly and had evil thoughts, and was scolded by Song Wu. Soon, Song Wu went to Tokyo to escort property for the magistrate. After Song Wu left, Pan Jinlian hooked up with Ximen Qing, a local bully who opened a pharmacy, and poisoned Wu Dalang with drugs. Song Wu returned to the county and learned about it. He told the magistrate that he was not allowed to complain. In a rage, he went to a restaurant and killed Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian. He was found guilty and sent to Mengzhou. Meng Zhou Xiao Guan Ying was very kind to Song Wu, and begged Song Wu to help recapture the Happy Forest store seized by Jiang Menshen. Song Wu got drunk, beat Jiang Menshen and got Happy Forest back. This Jiang Menshen bribed Zhang Dujian through Zhang Yongying, framed Song Wu for stealing treasures, and sentenced Song Wu to banishment. Song Wu was taken to the road, broke the shackles in Feiyun, killed four workers who wanted to harm him, returned to Mengzhou City, and killed Zhang Du, who was giving a banquet to celebrate the removal, and escaped from Mengzhou. At Hengpo, Sun Erniang disguised him as a walker and sent him to Erlong Mountain to join Lu. Song Wu saw Song Jiang again in Sunjiazhuang, Baihu Mountain. Song Jiang went to Huarong Road, and the two walked hand in hand, breaking up in Ruilong Town, and Song Jiang went to Qingfeng Village. There are two branches in Qingfeng village. Gao Liu, the master of Zhizhi Zhai, is a civilian, and he is jealous of Huarong, the master of Zhizhi Zhai. Song Jiang was caught by Gao Liu as soon as he arrived, saying that Song Jiang had an affair with bandits in Qingfeng Mountain, and Huarong was thus implicated. The leaders of Qingfeng Mountain, Yan Shun and Wang Ying, heard the news and went down to save Sung River and Huarong Road. Huarong Road shot Gao Liu, and everyone decided to go to Classical. As soon as Shi Yong arrived at the water margin, he sent a letter from Song Jiang's father, asking him to go home. Song Jiang retreated quickly, was caught by the government and stabbed Jiangzhou to death. In Jiangzhou, Sung River was taken care of by Dai Zhong and Li Kui. However, due to drunkenness, he wrote an anti-poem on the wall of Xunyang Building and was sentenced to death by Cai Jiu, the son of Jiangzhou magistrate Cai Jing. Just as he was preparing for the execution, the heroes of the Water Margin, under the planning of Zhiduoxing, made a big scene at the Jiangzhou giving ceremony to rob Song Jiang and Dai Zhong. After that, 29 heroes gathered in Bailong Temple in Jiangzhou and returned to Liangshan Park in a mighty way. Song Jiang took the second place in the thatched cottage. Soon after going up the mountain, Song Jiang took his father and Li Kui jy went home to take his mother up the mountain. On the way, he met a Li Kui jy who robbed him. Only after he was arrested did he know that this man was called Gui Li, saying that he had a 90-year-old mother who was left unattended. Li Kui jy gave him 10 silver to persuade him to turn over a new leaf. Later, Li Kui jy found out that he had been cheated and killed Gui Li, while Gui Li's wife ran away. When I got home, my mother was blind. Li Kui jy coaxed her to say that I am an official and enjoy happiness with my mother. Carry your mother on the road. One day, Li Kui jy went to Yiling to fetch water for his mother. When he came back, he found that his mother had been eaten by a tiger. Li Kui jy was so angry that he killed four tigers and was welcomed into Cao Taigong Village by Orion. At this time, Gui Li's wife who fled here recognized Li Kui jy, and Cao Taigong and others were preparing to plot against Li Kui jy. Thanks to the help of Zhu Gui and others sent by the water margin, Li Kui jy was able to escape and return to the stronghold. Yang Xiong, Shi Xiu and Shi Qian who came to the water margin were bullied by Zhujiazhuang Hotel. The two sides fought and Shi Qian was arrested. In order to save the capital, Classical and Sung River sent troops to attack Zhujiazhuang three times, which swept away Zhujiazhuang. Li Jiazhuang and Hu Jiazhuang, allied with nearby Zhujiazhuang, surrendered to the water margin. The water margin is famous, and heroes from all over the world have defected. Sung River surrendered to Mars. Soon, Li Kui jy came to Chai Jin Village and met Chai Jin. Chai Jin received a letter from his uncle, saying that Yin Tianxi, the brother-in-law of Gao Qiu's uncle Gao Lian, wanted to seize Chai's garden. So Chai Jin and Li Kui jy rushed to Gaotang and saw that the garden had been taken away. Li Kui jy made a scene in Gaotang and killed Yin Tianxi. Magistrate Gao Lian ordered the army to capture, Chai Jin was captured, and uncle Chai Jin was robbed. Li Kui jy fled back to the stronghold, and Classical ordered Song Jiang to lead 22 leaders to attack Gaotangzhou, killing Gao Lian and saving Chai Jin. The imperial court sent Qiu to arrest him, and Gao Qiu ordered Hu to attack the water margin. Huyanzhuo was defeated by Song Jiang's army and fled to Qingzhou, where he defected to the Murong magistrate rebels who attacked Taohua Mountain, Erlong Mountain and Baihu Mountain. Shen assembled troops from three mountains and came to Liangshan Park for help. Sung River led a great army to attack Qingzhou with Sanshan Rebel Army, Hu surrendered, Mr. Murong magistrate was killed, and went to Liangshan Park with Sanshan leader. Since then, Shao Huashan Shi Jin was caught by the government, and Song Jiangling led the troops to make a scene in Huashan and killed the satrap. A few days later, the five tigers of Zengjia in Zengtou City, Lingzhou stopped the hero who fled to the water margin and slandered the water margin. Classical was furious and ordered 5000 troops to attack Zengtou City. In the battle, Classical was shot by Shi Wengong's poisonous arrow and returned to his stronghold to die. Song Jiang was promoted to be the owner of the thatched cottage and changed Juyitang to Loyalty Hall. In order to avenge Classical, Sung River thought of Lu Junyi, a famous jade unicorn in Beijing. Knowing that he is superb in martial arts, he is a big talker in nightclubs, and he wants to invite him up the mountain to join in, which is completely revenge. So Song Jiangpa strategist Wu Yong went to Kyoto and pretended to be a fortune teller to tell Lu Junyi's fortune, saying that Lu Junyi would be beheaded in one hundred days, and Lu Junyi would be tricked into the water margin and captured by Zhang Shun. Sung River advised Lu Junyi to join the partnership, but Lu Junyi refused. Two months later, Song Jiangpa Lu Junyi went down the mountain. After Lu Junyi left home, the housekeeper hooked up with Lou's wife. When Lu Junyi came home, they set an ambush and sent Lu Junyi to Liang Zhongshu. Lu Junyi was stabbed to Salmonella Island. Yan Qing, Lu Junyi's domestic servant, killed two guards on the way to Shamen Island and went to the water margin with Lu Junyi. On the way, Lu Junyi was arrested again. Yan Qing went to the water margin alone for help and met Shi Xiu and Yang Xiong who were going to the water margin. Three people decided to let Shi Xiu go to Beijing for information first, and Yan Qing and Yang Xiong went to the water margin for information. Shi Xiu arrived in Beijing and learned that Lu Junyi would be beheaded the next day. On the day of execution, Shi Xiu, the hero of the Water Margin, robbed the almsgiving ceremony and rescued Lu Junyi. However, because he was alone and outnumbered, the two were captured. In order to save Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu, Song Jiang sent his troops to attack Beijing. Pleading with Cai Jing, a surname, Cai Jing adopted Guan Sheng's plan of besieging the state of Wei to save Zhao, and led 1500 troops to attack the water margin directly. When Song Jiang heard the news, he went back to the mountain to capture Guan Sheng and defeated the loyalist. Then Sung River appointed Guan Sheng as the pioneer to attack Beijing again, and fought for several months until the Lantern Festival broke through Beijing the following year. Suo Chao was captured, Liang Zhongshu escaped from the south gate, and Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu were rescued. Soon, Cai Jing sent Shan Tinggui and Wei Dingguo to attack the water margin, and they were all defeated. Sung River and Lu Junyi led the troops to attack Zengtou City, killed the five tigers of Zengjia, and went back to the mountain to pay homage to the classical spirit. Then they attacked Dongping and Dongchang, and the army returned home in triumph. At this time, the scale of the leader of the Water Margin is just 108, which is the number of demons released by Hong Taiwei in that year. Everyone gathered in the loyalty hall, and Song Jiang took the first place and set up the apricot yellow flag of "doing good for the sky". After the shanzhai prospered, Song Jiang had the intention of "hoping that the heavenly king would send a letter early to woo", which was resolutely opposed by Lin Chong, jy, Liu Tang and Lu. At the end of the year, Song Jiang will go to Tokyo to see the Lantern Festival next year, and Chai Jin and Li Kui jy will accompany Song Jiang to Tokyo. By chance, Sung River entered Li Shishi's mansion, and the emperor Hui Zong was there. Just when Sung River wanted to woo Hui Zong's letters, Li Kui jy beat people and set fire to them outside, and the whole city was in chaos. Sung river three people fled, Li Kui jy stayed alone in Jingmen Town, and heard the shopkeeper Liu Taigong say that Sung river robbed her daughter to go up the mountain. Li Kui jy was furious and ran back to the water margin, cut down the apricot yellow flag and drove Sung river out. Later, after testimony, it was a bad thing done by a thief named Niutoushan. Li Kui jy offered a humble apology, went to Niutoushan to kill the thief and saved Liu Taigong's daughter. The growth of the water margin shocked the officials and the people. Chen Shanbao, Qiu of Hui Sect, went to woo, and Qiu Gao Qiu and a surname Cai Jing followed Chen Shan to Liangshan. Because of his arrogance, Li Kui jy took the imperial edict and tore it into pieces, which failed to woo. The imperial court sent Tong Guan to attack the water margin. The shanzhai ambushed on all sides and defeated Tong Guan's two attacks. Tong Guan fled back to Tokyo, and Gao Qiu sent ten armies to attack the water margin. Song Jiang defeated Gao Qiu three times, but he went up the mountain alive, treated him with courtesy, and asked Gao Qiu to convey his wish to harness the court. After Gao Qiu left, Song Jiangpa Yan Qing went to Tokyo, and Yan Qing got the imperial edict from Hui Zong through Li Shishi. A few days later, Qiu Suyuanjing went up the mountain to read the imperial edict. Song Jiangling accepted the invitation of all the heroes in the mountain and went to Tokyo to be inspected by Huizong under the banner of "Shuntian" and "Protecting the country". After Liangshanpo Rebels accepted Zhao 'an, they were invaded by Liao soldiers, and Song Jiang was ordered to break Liao. So the army went north, captured Tanzhou, retaken Jizhou, outsmarted Bazhou, occupied Youzhou, surrounded Yanjing, and the Liao Lord pleaded guilty and surrendered. Song Jiang sent his troops back to China and returned the occupied counties to Liao according to Hui Zong's will. Back to the capital, Hui Zong sent a letter to Song Jiang to pacify tian hu, Hebei Province, and then moved to pacify Wang Qing in Huaixi and Fang La in Jiangnan. In the process of pacifying Fang La Army, the rebels suffered heavy losses. Although Fang La was finally captured and accomplished, 59 heroes were killed and 10 heroes were killed, totaling 69 people. On the way back to the army, Lu sat in Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou (the monk sat cross-legged and died peacefully), and those with disabilities did not want to return to Beijing, so he became a monk here. After leaving Hangzhou, Lin Chong was paralyzed, Yang Xiong, Shiqian, Yangzhi and Mu Hong died, and Yanqing quietly left. In Suzhou, Li Jun, Tong Wei and Meng Tong left again. The army returned to Beijing and entered Chen Qiaoyi, leaving only 20 leaders. Treacherous court official Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Gao Qiu, Yang Jian and Song Jiang were appointed, so they designed to harm Lu Junyi with mercury, and poisoned Song Jiang and Li Kui jy with poison mixed with royal wine medicine. Huarong Road and Wu Yong hanged Sung River's grave, and then Gao Qiu wrote to Sung River and others to be reburied. Buried in Liao Erwa. In this way, a vigorous peasant uprising ended in tragedy!

Robinson Crusoe, an old translation of Robinson Crusoe, is a famous realistic memoir adventure novel, written by Defoe, a famous British writer in the18th century, and inspired by the experience of a Scottish sailor in distress at sea. Defoe created a new character in the book-Robinson Crusoe who dared to face the challenges of nature. He disdained complacency, devoted himself to pioneering, and repeatedly abandoned a well-off family and went out to sea to break into the world. After being shipwrecked on a desert island, he used his mind and hands to build a residence, grow food, domesticate livestock, make utensils and sew clothes, and transformed the desert island into a paradise. He has traveled overseas for many years and gone through hardships, and finally gained considerable wealth and completed the entrepreneurial process of a hero of the times. Because of this, Defoe won the title of "the father of English and European novels". As soon as it came out, this novel became popular in Britain, and its plot was true, concrete, cordial and natural, which made people fondle it. Since its publication, this novel has been published in hundreds of versions and translated into almost all languages in the world. It is said that Robinson Crusoe is the most frequently published book besides the Bible. This book is regarded as the first novel in the history of English literature and an immortal masterpiece in the treasure house of world literature. The plot in the story is fascinating and the narrative language is easy to understand. This is a good work that appeals to both refined and popular tastes. Robinson Crusoe mainly tells us how to learn to survive, learn to be strong and learn to face difficulties without fear. My father wants me to study law, but I am bent on sailing. One day, I went to hull. One of my companions is going to London on his father's boat. Nothing moves me more than this. I had to go with him-it was August of 165 1, when I was nineteen years old. As soon as the ship sailed out of Haikou, it was attacked by a terrible storm, which made me feel unspeakable sadness and fear. I swear with pain that if God spared my life on this voyage, I would return to my dear parents after landing and follow their advice from now on. But the next day the wind stopped and the waves stopped. The sun sets in the west, followed by a beautiful and lovely night. At this time, I drank a bowl of sweet wine brewed by my companion and forgot my determination to go home after this voyage. This habit of mine has brought great misfortune to my life-willful actions often bring me disasters, but when disasters come, I always refuse to seize the opportunity to repent. As soon as the danger passed, I forgot all about Robinson.

Some vows, but also desperate to invest in my life, without any tricks. After the first stormy voyage, I experienced several different adventures. When I was doing business in Guinea, Africa, I was caught by a Turkish pirate ship and sold as a slave. After many difficulties and dangers, I fled to Brazil, running a sugar cane plantation alone and living a happy life. But then I became a victim of temptation. Because Brazil is short of manpower, several plantation owners know that I have been to some slave market ports in Africa to do business, so they try their best to coax me to sail and buy some slaves for their plantations. If you listen to bad ideas, you will be in trouble. Our ship hit the rocks on an unnamed island on the north coast of South America, and all the sailors and passengers were drowned. God bless, only I was washed ashore by the high waves and saved my life. All I had at that time was a knife, a pipe and a little tobacco in a box. I walked along the coast when my strength recovered and I could walk. To my great joy, I found fresh water. After drinking water, I put a handful of tobacco in my mouth to relieve my hunger. I lived in a tree, slept comfortably, refreshed my mind, and the sea was calm. But what pleased me most was that I saw the boat. When the tide receded, I saw that it was close to the coast, and I found it convenient to swim to the boat. There is only one dog and two cats left on the boat, and there are no other creatures. But there were many necessities on board, so I started to work. In order to transport those things to an inlet on the island, I specially made a raft and made a flat highland with fresh water on the island as my residence. Bread, rice, barley and wheat, cheese and dried mutton, sugar, flour, boards, logs, ropes-all these, plus a few muskets, two pistols, several shotguns, a hammer, and-that's the most useless-36 pounds. I carried all these things from the boat to the shore day after day-between low tides. On the thirteenth night, my handling work was completed. When I lay down, although I was still scared as usual, I was full of gratitude to God, because I knew that I was ready to deal with this desert island in the future, and my heart was very solid. There are many wild fruit trees on the island, but it took me a long time to find them. I dried them to make raisins. There are goats running around the island, but if I don't get guns and ammunition from the boat, what good will they do me? Therefore, I have reason to thank the merciful God for putting the boat on the coast until I bring everything useful to me. There are still many things to be done to ensure that I can survive on this island. I did what I had to do as continuously as possible. But my efforts are not always lucky. When I first planted the seeds of barley and rice, half of these precious stocks were wasted because I planted them at the wrong time. I worked hard for several months and dug several cellars to store fresh water. It took 42 days to cut a big tree into my first long board. I worked hard for several weeks to make a mortar for pounding wheat, but in the end I had to hollow out a large piece of wood. It took me five months to cut down a big iron tree, cut it down again and again, and made a decent canoe to escape from the island, but I had to throw it away because I couldn't get it into the sea. However, every failure has taught me something I didn't know before. As for the natural environment, there are storms and earthquakes on the island. I was used to everything then, too. I plant and harvest my barley and wheat; I picked wild grapes and dried them to make very nutritious raisins; I raise tame goats, then kill them, smoke them and pickle them. Because of the variety of food, the supply is not bad. Twelve years have passed, during which I have never seen anyone on the island except myself. So until that big day, I came across a man's bare footprints on the beach. I seem to have been hit by a bolt from the blue. I listened attentively and looked around, but I heard nothing and saw nothing. I ran to the seaside and went to the sea to check, and there was only one footprint in total! I was terrified to the extreme and fled back to my residence like a person being followed and chased. For three days and nights in a row, I was afraid to go out. This is the best explanation for being afraid of people! After 12 years of pain and hard work, 12 years of struggle with the natural environment, you will be terrified because of a person's footprint! But that's the truth. After observation, I learned that this is the habit of those savages on that continent to eat people. They took the prisoners captured in the war to that place on the island where I seldom went, killed them and had a big meal. One morning, I saw thirty barbarians dancing around the bonfire through the telescope. They have cooked one prisoner, and the other two are preparing to roast on the fire. At this time, I ran to them with two loaded muskets and a big knife, and saved a prisoner who had no time to eat. I named the person I saved "Friday" to commemorate his rescue on Friday, and his voice became the first voice I heard on this island in 25 years. He is young and smart, and he is a barbarian of a high tribe. Later, when I was on the island, he was always my reliable partner. He told me about the mainland on Friday after I taught him a few words of English. I decided to leave my island. We built a boat, this time not far from the coast. Just when we were almost ready to set sail, 2 1 barbarians took three prisoners in three canoes and came to the island to prepare for a banquet. One of the prisoners is white, which makes me very angry. I loaded two shotguns, four muskets and two double-ammunition pistols, gave Friday a small axe and drank a lot of sugarcane wine. I brought my own broadsword. We rushed down the mountain and killed them all. Only four barbarians escaped. One of the prisoners is Friday's father. This white man is Spanish. He is the survivor of the ship I saw hit the rocks on my island a few years ago. At that time, I also took more than 1200 gold coins from the boat, but I didn't value the money at all, because they were not worth more than the sand on the beach. I gave the Spaniard and Friday's father guns and food, and told them to take the shipwrecked sailor on the Spanish ship to my island in my newly built ship. While waiting for them to come back, an English ship broke down near my island because of sailors' troubles. I helped the captain get his boat back and returned to England with him. When we left, we took two honest sailors who also wanted to go back to England, leaving a few sailors who had the most trouble on the island. Later, those Spaniards came back and settled on the island. At first, they quarreled with each other, but after settling down, they finally established a prosperous colony. A few years later, I was lucky enough to go to that island again. When I left the island, I had been there for 28 years, 2 months and 0 19 days (the author miscalculated here, according to Robinson's visit time, it should be 27 years). I always thought I would be so happy in England, but I didn't expect to be a stranger there. Unfortunately, my parents have passed away. Otherwise, I can take care of them dutifully now, because besides the 1200 gold coins I got from the Spanish ship, I still have 20,000 pounds waiting for me to collect from an honest friend, who is a Portuguese captain. Before I went to do that unfortunate job, I entrusted him with the management of my manor in Brazil. I have lived on the island for 28 years for this mission. I'm glad to see him so honest. I decided to pay him one hundred Portuguese gold coins every year and fifty Portuguese gold coins every year after his death as their lifelong allowance. I got married and had three children. I didn't roam again, except because I wanted to visit the island where I lived mentioned above. I live here, grateful for the enjoyment I don't deserve, and determined to travel the longest. If I have learned anything, it is to realize the value of retirement and pray for peace for the rest of our lives. How long can I live?