Fortune-telling in Tongchuan New District _ The place where the fortune-telling in Tongchuan New District was renamed

There are different opinions about the name "Paoge": the scholar said that it is based on the meaning of "I have no clothes, and my son has the same robe" in the Book of Songs, which means that the scholar likes the ancient and is not sufficient; Paoge himself said it was based on The Romance of Three Kingdoms: After Guan was forced to surrender to Cao Cao, Cao Cao gave him a lot of gold and silver, and he took nothing. He only got a brocade robe, which he seldom wears at ordinary times, but he has to put on one, but he has to cover his old robe outside. Cao Cao asked him why, and Guan said, "The old robe was given by my eldest brother Xuande. The Prime Minister gave him a new robe, but he dared not forget my eldest brother's old robe." Therefore, this Paoge organization, formerly known as "Liu Han", means that the spiritual integrity left over from the Han Dynasty has a long history and spread to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Gu, Wang Chuanshan, Zeng Yaozu and other literary intellectuals secretly joined with like-minded Han people to form a private secret organization with the call of anti-Qing and restoring sight. This kind of non-governmental organization has been deeply rooted in the lower class of society and contains potential power. Therefore, there is a saying in the world:' You wear red, I wear red, everyone wears the same color, you wear black, I wear black, we are all the same color.' That is, this meaning is also "("History of Hanshu "on page 36).

In this way, the Paoge organization, which originated in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, developed in the late Qing Dynasty and flooded the Republic of China, is more practical and reliable. On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, under the planning of Sun Yat-sen's "Alliance", the "Road Protection Movement" broke out in Sichuan. "Comrades' Societies" were organized in all parts of the province to protect the roads, and later developed into an anti-Qing armed force-"Comrades' Army", which essentially took Paoge organizations in all parts of the province as the backbone to guide farmers to overthrow the Qing regime. On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, China Modern History Data Series recorded that the contact between the League and communist party was getting closer and closer all over the country. As early as 1960, Sun Yat-sen recruited Xiong Kewu in Japan, but Zhang and others faced the expedient measures. Xiong and others also believe that Paoge in Sichuan is powerful and widely spread, which is very beneficial for the League to lead Paoge forces all over the country and engage in the revolutionary work of overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. After meeting Sun Yat-sen, Yu Ying received great attention, appointed him as the "southwest commander-in-chief", and sent Xiong Kewu, Xie Fengqi and others back to Sichuan to discuss plans.

After a large number of lower-class people flocked to join the Paoge organization, it gradually affected the interaction between the gentry and the rich, in order to protect their families. In this way, by 19 1 1, the Paoge organization in Sichuan has penetrated into the towns and villages of various counties and counties, and has "opened a mountain and established a hall" everywhere. At that time, there were two popular sayings: "Late Ming Dynasty" (people who did not join the Paoge organization were called Qizi)

The League incited the movement to protect the road and launched a large-scale uprising in all parts of Sichuan, with farmers as the mainstay and Paoge organizations as the forerunner. Among the counties near Chongqing and Chengdu, there are Hou Juyuan and Hou Guozhi in Guanghan, Hou Baozhai in Xinjin, Wu Qingzhao in Wenjiang District, Sun Zepei in Chongqing and Zhang Jiexian in guanxian. , are the best. They are all the leaders of the comrades' army, who led troops to besiege Chengdu, claiming to be more than ten people. The momentum was huge, and wars spread all over Sichuan counties, which accelerated the complete collapse of the Qing regime. After the recovery of Chengdu, Governor Pu Dianjun was caught by Zhao Erfeng, creating a "mutiny" in an attempt to recover. Yin was promoted to local governor, and Yin was an overjoyed person. After he came to power, because of his lack of political understanding and leadership, he mistakenly thought that Paoge's power spread all over the society, and that mastering Paoge's power would stabilize the political power, so he also made many jokes. Similar to other counties and cities in the province, Paoge organizations in Chongqing and Chengdu are rampant organizations, that is, the so-called "brotherly way", which takes five virtues (monarch and minister, father and son, brother, husband and wife, friends) and eight virtues (filial piety, brother, loyalty, faith, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame) as its creed. The intersection of contact was originally called "Shantou" and "xiang tang", but later it was changed from Shantou and xiang tang to "Wharf" (also called "Gongkou" and "She"). There are five tangkou: "Benevolence, Justice, Ritual, Wisdom and Faith" (also called Wei, De, Fu, Wisdom and Faith), and five of the five tangkou participated. There are a few colloquial words that sum up the characteristics: "Benevolence is the top, righteousness is the silver, and courtesy is the knife". There are similar oral expressions in other areas: "Lunziqi is a gentry businessman, Ziyiqi is a businessman, and Yiliqi is a gun". As for the people in the two schools, they are all the "lowest-level" manual workers in the old society, but there are some inexplicable rules on organizational methods. For example, in the old society, prostitutes, boiling water and smoking, pedicurists, back rubs, haircuts, male artists playing female roles, etc. were all forbidden to participate in Paoge, while those who engaged in theft, had sex with men and remarried their mothers were also despised and could not participate in Paoge. But bandits and hooligans who rob goods can participate (they justify that "the object of robbery is corrupt officials, and those are brothers in muddy water").

Each entrance (hall entrance) consists of ten rows: the leader of the first row is called "uncle" (also called "tiller", such as a sailor). In addition to "leading uncles" or "sitting uncles", there are also "law enforcement uncles" who are responsible for rewards and punishments, and some "idle uncles" who are irresponsible. There is a man in the second row, who is called "Mr. Saint". This is an upright, honest and trustworthy person who is known as the "Guan Saint" in Taoyuan, but this person is generally a nice guy who doesn't work on the dock (the homonym of "saint" and "leisure"). There is a "Master III" in the third row, who is in charge of internal personnel and financial revenue and expenditure, especially when the incense hall is opened, and is responsible for arranging and planning various affairs. This is the center of gravity of the whole dock. The fifth row is called "five masters", which is divided into "inner masters", "red flag masters", "deputy masters" and "leisure masters". "Being in charge" means "being in charge with a black flag". You must be familiar with Paoge's standard etiquette and Jianghu terminology. At the meeting, he will be responsible for etiquette, sit in a row by roll call and convey the orders of the helmsman. "Red Flag Butler" specializes in diplomacy, and is responsible for receiving three mountains and five mountains, and the north and south brothers. In contact and communication, sending and receiving is quite complicated. Paoge has two popular words: "If you don't know what to do in internal affairs, ask what to do in foreign affairs." . Below the fifth row are six rows of "Six Ancestors Tour". When the "incense hall" is open during the office meeting, he is responsible for patrolling, investigating the government's trends and informing the people. People in the eighth and ninth rows usually run errands for the brothers on the dock. As soon as the incense hall is opened, they are the busiest. Under the command of the Third Master, the whole dock depends on these people running up and down. In Chengdu, the general docks are called "public" and "cooperative", and the cooperative is divided into "head office" and "branch office".

There are no "four rows" and "seven rows" in Paoge all over the country. It is said that there is a story. During the reign of Kangxi, when Zheng Chenggong sent Chen Jinnan to set up a church in Yazhou, Sichuan, four parties broke their word and secretly reported it to Jianchang Town. Ma Geng led the troops to round up and escape. Later, Hu Si and Li Qi violated the covenant, informed the government, betrayed their brothers, and were secretly executed by the people in this mountain. Their treachery has been tolerated by Paoge, and no one has been on the fourth and seventh rows since then. Although the nursing home advocates "emphasizing chivalry, loyalty, liberating food and being anxious for people" and takes the old ethics of "five ethics and eight virtues" as its creed, some people gradually deteriorated due to the vicious expansion of feudal consciousness, resulting in two different robes: "clear water" and "muddy water".

In Qingshui's robes, there are also "gold belts, gold skins" and "dirty". The meaning of gold belt leather is: gold stands for money, and leather stands for face, that is, a rich man with a face is called brother Jin belt leather robe. He used his power to "become an uncle in one step". As for those who are regarded as low-level industries such as divination, fortune telling, running errands, Taoist priests and rank, they can only be classified as "wisdom" and "belief". The organization of Paoge muddy water is the same as Paoge Qingshui, but the appellation is somewhat different. Paoge Qingshui's leader is called "the tiller" or "the president", Paoge Mud is used to calling the leader "Laoyao" (steering), and those lower than Laoyao are called "the boss of the side shed" and "the steward". Generally, the muddy robe brother is called "beach jump shot". Brother Liu Paoge has several sessions every year, and the most grand one is the "Single Knife Meeting" on May 13th of the lunar calendar. According to legend, this is the day when Guan Yunchang went to the meeting alone during the Three Kingdoms period. On this day, large and small docks and public ports will hold grand activities, decorate lanterns and colorful decorations, arrange a large number of incense tables, celebrate parties and accept guests and friends. For the first time, you must have two conditions: "your own affairs are clean." The former Paoge should also be rewarded and promoted at this meeting. Other parties, such as the "spring banquet" in the first month, the "group meeting" in the twelfth month, and the "welcome party" from time to time. In addition to visiting each other, eating, drinking, gambling and smoking (opium), we should also take this opportunity to solve the dispute of enmity and hatred, and the leading figures will come forward to "get the topic".

In Chongqing, Paoge's docks are mostly in teahouses (there are some teahouses on the docks). In front of some teahouses, the signs of XX Palace or XX Club are officially hung. Teahouse is Paoge's activity center and liaison station, and the red flag manager is always in charge.

Paoge also stipulated 18 charges, such as unfilial to parents, disrespectful to elders, beating relatives, molesting women and so on. After committing a crime, you will be punished by "throwing knives", "hitting nails", "digging holes and burying bodies", "hanging black cards", "uprooting" and "demotion". Other articles in Paoge's classic Underwater include ten articles, ten items, ten essentials, ten prohibitions, five ethics, eight virtues and nine chapters. The writing is popular, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. In fact, all these regulations are rarely implemented in Paoge organizations in Chengdu. Regarding the economic sources of Paoge's organization, according to Fan Shaozeng's article "Recalling my organizational activities in Paoge, Sichuan" written in Volume 84 of the National Collection of Literature and History, "... the sources of money mainly include the following: First, the funds paid by Paoge when he was high or the investment made by Paoge with money; The second is the income from worshipping the pier and opening a teahouse; The third is improper income from gambling and tapping profits, and the fourth is illegal income from dealing in drugs and hoarding grain and oil. Later, a kind of "smoke protection gang" came into being, which specialized in buying bodyguards for opium in mountainous areas. After safely passing through the checkpoint, 20% or 30% of the bodyguard fee will be charged upon arrival at the destination. Fan Shaozeng's description is general, and Paoge organizations in different regions are different, and the means are varied, so it is impossible to elaborate. However, it is obvious that some organizations either explicitly or implicitly accept subsidies from the Secret Service, the army and the government, or put up signs of a certain department of the army and the government to openly collect taxes and urge donations to be pocketed.

In Paoge, Chongqing, there have been more than 0/000 large and small public ports (docks)/kloc in recent ten years. In addition to "Sun, Wu, Ding, Zhang", "Ma, Yuan, Jiang and Tang", there are other famous ones, such as Leng Kaitai, the famous Deng Shucai at the southern foot of Zhenchuan, Ma Kunshan who always turned off the fire on the North Road, and Gong whose chicken feathers were upside down.