Grammatical vocabulary of Taishan dialect

A prominent grammatical feature of Taishan dialect is the expression of singular and plural personal pronouns. Different from representing Cantonese and modern Chinese, it is expressed by internal inflections such as tone sandhi. Instead of using suffixes to distinguish (Cantonese "Miao" stands for Chinese "male"). In addition, "this" and "here" in demonstrative pronouns, as well as "you" and "that" and "where" are also distinguished by inflections [6].

Personal pronoun: I **i33 (single)-> I **i2 1 (reply); You ni33 (single)-> Uni εk2 1 (complex number); Hey k'ui33 (single)-> He k'iεk2 1 (complex number); There is also a pronoun of "unspecified third person", which is equivalent to "others" or "others": niεk55, which can be used alone or form "human happiness" with the same meaning, without singular or plural. Note that except for the tone, the pronunciation is the same as the plural "you", but the meaning is completely different.

Demonstrative pronoun: this k' * I 21= this-> K'*i2 15= here; nen 2 1 = that-& gt； Nen2 15= there

Interrogative pronoun: which nai 21= that-> nai 215 = there.

In terms of adjective reduplication, Taishan dialect can reduplicate two words, one of which rises in tone sandhi to indicate the degree. Generally, the tone sandhi of the first word is strengthened, and the tone sandhi of the second word is weakened. For example, "red" can mean "very red" (red 15 red 1 1) or "a little red" (red1red 15), depending on which word has tone sandhi.

Douzi is a unique quantifier in Taishan dialect, and both Cantonese and representative Chinese are "trees". Cantonese quantifier "po" is divided into two parts. Nai (nai55) and nit55 (nit 55) have different degrees. The former means more quantity than the latter. As for podo, it becomes nit55du35.

Syntactically, most of them are the same as Cantonese, but the following sentence patterns are unique to Taishan dialect:

I can't hear a word. (I can't hear a word clearly) The following are some unique words and idioms in Taishan dialect:

Beating violence: the first time

Method: One stroke, French words are pronounced in the sun (2 1).

Better than a mouse biting a cat's nose: as the saying goes, it is extremely dangerous.

An axe is not as big as a handle: as the saying goes, it costs more to describe the secondary part of something than the main part.

Three paparazzi spend the night: as the saying goes, it is a metaphor for doing things slowly.

Be a good person with a good person and learn to worship God with a midwife: a midwife is a woman who helps others or an equal woman who looks at fortune-telling.

Nanbi always meets dogs-a symbol of no essence: two-part allegorical saying, Nanbi always refers to a Taoist or monk who specializes in doing things for people; No refined word = no way, there is no Hao word in Cantonese, but there is a pun in this refined word.

Never seen a big snake, a raw chicken leaks eggs-strange: two-part allegorical saying, a raw chicken refers to a castrated rooster.

Beggars (now) and arrivals (where)