Reveal the reason why Sima Qian called Ying Bu "Qing Bu" in Historical Records.

Ying Bu was one of the heroes who opposed the Qin Uprising earlier. After that, he followed Xiang Yu, bravely fought against Qin Jun, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and was named King of Jiujiang after breaking the Qin Dynasty. Chu and Han contended, and Ying Bu rebelled against Chu and returned to Han, and was made King of Huainan, and * * * attacked Xiang Yu. After defeating Xiang Yu, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, and Ying Bu officially took office in the fief, holding the seal issued by the emperor. In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu, Liu Bang's wife Lv Hou killed Han Xin, and Liu Bang personally killed Peng Yue, the king of Liang. Ying Bu was afraid that he would be killed next, so he rebelled and was defeated and killed the following year. Sima Qian put him in the biographies of Historical Records, and the biographies are independent, which shows the important position of this man in history. However, Sima Qian did not use his real name in his biography, but called him Qing Bu. Why?

Ying Bu came from humble origins and was called Qing Bu because he was hanged.

He is from six counties in Ying Bu and comes from a civilian family. In his prime, he was sentenced for breaking the law and sent to Lishan as a slave. There are hundreds of thousands of criminals in Lishan. Ying Bu specializes in dealing with the leaders and heroes of these people. Finally, he fled to the Yangtze River with these people and became a robber. If before this, a common people in Ying Bu, a criminal with black marks on his face, called him black cloth, white cloth or dog or cat, it was no big deal, but it was different to become a bandit leader. Needless to say, the laws of the Qin dynasty were very strict, and even in any dynasty, he was wanted. If you want to make an arrest warrant, the name Bu and the prominent symbol Bu will be written on the arrest warrant. The more wanted notices posted, the wider the scope, and the higher the popularity of Qing Bu.

Cloth is a commodity. Eating well and wearing warm clothes is the life pursuit of ordinary people. Many people surnamed Bu, like Ying Bu's contemporaries, had a Lu Bu under Xiang Yu, a minister named Lu Bu under him, a Lu Bu during the Three Kingdoms period, and so on. The names of ancient people were mostly single words, and the situation of duplicate names was very serious, especially when the ancients called others by their first names instead of surnames, which was even more difficult to distinguish. In order to make it easier to distinguish and let the listener know who it is, remember that people define it in many ways, such as ideographs, nicknames, nicknames, domain names and so on.

Like Guan Yu's word "cloud length", "cloud length" is an ideograph; Su Shi is also known as Su Dongpo, with the name "Dongpo Jushi"; Each character in has a nickname. Although most of these nicknames are for the purpose of shaping artistic images, they also reflect a reality. The Water Margin, Zhang Fei reported himself as soon as he appeared. He is a native of Yan and Zhao Yun is a native of Changshan, which also shows that there are many people named Fei and Yun. Ying Bu has such a ready-made name, how can you not use it! Ying Bu was told by fate that he would become king after being tortured. When he was really punished, he was very happy and didn't care if others laughed at him. This shows that when people call him Qing Bu, he will not be angry, but will accept it happily. When people become a habit and continue to Sima Qian's period, they may still call it that. Since this nickname is loud, people are used to it, and Sima Qian is happy to use it this way.

Ying Bu can't be loyal to the monarch, so he is called Qing Bu, which is derogatory in image.

During the Chen Sheng Uprising, Ying Bu went to see Wu Rui, the county magistrate, and rebelled with his men. After the defeat of Chen Sheng, Ying Bu led the army northward, defeated Qin Jun in Qingbo, and then led the army eastward. I heard that Xiang Liang was in Huiji Uprising. After he crossed the Yangtze River, Ying Bu took the army and belonged to Xiang Liang. In Xiang Liang's army, Ying Bu is brave and good at fighting, and always ranks first among the armies. Xiang Liang established Chu Huaiwang, Ying Bu was named Dangyang Jun, and after Xiang Liang's death, Ying Bu was owned by Xiang Yu. In the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu sent Ying Bu to take the lead in crossing the river. Ying Bu won the first battle and then the second, which opened the door to victory for Xiang Yu's army. After defeating Zhang Han, the leader of Qin State,

However, Ying Bu, the king, parted ways with Xiang Yu and finally betrayed Chu.

In the second year of the Han Dynasty, that is, the second year of Xiang Yu's enfeoffment, Tian Rong, the king of Qi, opposed Chu, and Xiang Yu pacified Qi and recruited soldiers from Ying Bu. As a result, Benazir Bhutto could not afford to get sick, so she only sent a team of several thousand people to deal with Xiang Yu. Liu Bang defeated Chu Jun, occupied Pengcheng, rescued Ying Bu from the ruins, and then bided his time. This annoyed Xiang Yu and sent someone to blame him and ask him to go. Ying Bu panicked and didn't dare to see Xiang Yu. Considering that Ying Bu is a long-term friendship after all, and facing Qi, Hanwang and Liu Bang, Xiang Yu wanted to get close to him instead of conquering him.

In the third year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bangbing defeated Pengcheng and retreated to Emperor Liang. When Liu Bang came to Huainan to persuade Ying Bu to return to Han, Xiang Yu just sent someone here to urge Ying Bu to send troops. At this time, Ying Bu set foot on two boats, ostensibly promised to return to Han, but still left a special envoy of Chu. After the story was revealed, he was forced to kill the messenger of Chu and returned to the Han Dynasty.

After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor and continued to make Ying Bu the king of Huainan. In the 11th year of Han Dynasty, Lv Hou killed Han Xin, and Han Xin was demoted to Huaiyin Hou. Ying Bu was very afraid. This summer, Liu Bang killed Peng Yue, the king of Liang, and presented Peng Yue to his ministers. When the meat sauce was sent to Huainan, Ying Bu was even more afraid, so he secretly assembled his troops to spy on the surrounding military situation. Ying Bu is suspicious and narrow-minded. One of his beloved concubines was ill and asked for medical treatment. The doctor's home is opposite to the doctor's home in China. My beloved concubine has been to the doctor's house for treatment many times. Ben He thought he was a subordinate of Ying Bu, so he gave him a generous gift and drank with his beloved concubine in the doctor's house. During the chat, my concubine said that Hepburn was an honest man, and Ying Bu was very angry.

When my concubine told the truth about her medical treatment, Ying Bu even suspected that she was having an affair with Hepburn, so she planned to arrest Hepburn. Hepburn escaped and prepared to go to Chang 'an to report Ying Bu's preparations to the court. Ying Bu was afraid that Hepburn would complain to the court, so he simply killed Hepburn's family and rebelled.

Ying Bu relied on Xiang Yu to be king, but in the end he betrayed Xiang Yu. Chu and Han contended and finally chose Liu Bang, but it didn't end. This politics is changeable. Whoever has great influence and benefits me a lot will take refuge in Wang Zhidao. From this, we can understand what Sima Qian meant: Ying Bu is not worthy of the name of a hero. In the final analysis, he can only be a prisoner face to face, so his name should be Qing Bu.

Ying Bu was shameless, criminal, rebellious and despised.

When Ying Bu was a child, he was called to tell fortune, saying that he would be king after being punished. Later, he really broke the law and was sentenced. Ying Bu smiled happily and told others about it.

Tattooing your face is a great insult to your personality! Explain that this person will always be a "criminal". It is impossible for him to be on an equal footing with others in life, and it may be difficult for him to enter his ancestral grave after his death. Ying Bu is not ashamed, but proud. It can be seen that his standard of being a man is so low! Once a person has this idea, will he still take crime seriously? Changing dynasties can make criminals heroes, but that's only for political prisoners. This kind of criminal with a golden seal on his face is not the object of imitation. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Song Jiang was bent on wooing the imperial court. Every time he mentioned it, he was opposed by some people. It's just that he found a An Daoquan, gave everyone plastic surgery, and canceled the golden seal on his face. No objection. Why is this? Not everyone wants to be an official in a corrupt officialdom. Being a normal person is everyone's minimum standard.

Sima Qian has reason to despise such people.

In the third year of Qin Ershi, Zhang Han was defeated and killed for fear that Zhao Gao would be framed. He surrendered to Xiang Yu with two hundred thousand foot soldiers. Xiang Yu took these two hundred thousand people to the west to enter the customs. Instead of improving the rescue force, he had to take risks and be alert to them. The prince's army was not kind to these surrendered soldiers, which made them complain. Warm water enema

Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, killed Wang Ziying who had surrendered to the Qin Dynasty, and became a vassal himself. Ying Bu was named King of Jiujiang, and Chu Huaiwang was honored as the righteous emperor, and moved to Changsha. Although Emperor Yi had no power or potential, he was Xiang Yu's nominal superior. It was inconvenient to raise him, so I decided to kill him. It was Ying Bu who carried out this order. Although the order was given by Xiang Yu, the executors could not get rid of the regicide. Since ancient times, kingslayers have been traitors and villains, and everyone should be punished. Calling them Qing Bu is also a movement. Therefore, Ying Bu's "word" is stuck not only in his face, but also in his disgraceful life history forever.

In the year of Water Margin, Sima Qian made it clear that Ying Bu's surname was English, that is to say, no matter what people called him, or that he was willing to accept the title of Qing Bu for his own reputation, in the official language at that time, he would still be called Ying Bu. However, it is definitely inconvenient for Sima Qian to use the name Qing Bu in his book, which should be understood as intentional. This is a punishment. He wanted to tell people that Ying Bu was a guilty man.