It's interesting to enlarge the riverside scene on Qingming Festival by 30 times!

If you want to ask a painting that is the most well-known and widely circulated among the people in China, I think eight out of ten people will answer The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down in China and a national treasure. Legend has it that it was written by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is 25.2 cm wide and 528.7 cm long. The works, in the form of long scrolls, vividly recorded the city appearance of China capital in the12nd century and the living conditions of people from all walks of life at that time, which is a portrayal of the urban economic situation in the Northern Song Dynasty.

△ Zhang Zeduan's "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in the Northern Song Dynasty (partial) is colored 24.8x528.7 in Beijing.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the scene of people going to market and traveling in Bianjing (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty. After zooming in, you can see many interesting details. Let's have a look.

The matchmaker dropped the sedan chair.

The woman in the sedan chair looks at the street with a curtain, and the corolla on her head is a flower-shaped headdress made of silk, which is a symbolic costume of the Northern Song Dynasty matchmaker, and the Northern Song Dynasty matchmaker also gets extra points. There are more than 8 10 people on the riverside map at Qingming Festival, but few women can be seen. Most of them are hidden in sedan chairs like the matchmaker in the picture. The worship of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty is the reason why there are more men than women in the whole picture, and the tradition of ancient women's foot-binding also rose in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Bianjing first

This is one of the 72 official shops in Bianjing authorized by the imperial court, and it is also the largest restaurant in the picture. The official store is a hotel. Unlike the foot shop, which is also a restaurant, this shop is rich in capital, with not only passengers but also prostitutes. At the same time, it is also a brewery, which can make and sell wine, and operate wholesale wine business to foot shops in designated areas.

Jiugang dingshan

Behind the punctual restaurant is a forest, surrounded by a fence and a pile of vats. The vats were stacked on four floors, which were reserved by the owners for brewing. Some experts say that this superposition is also calculated by numbers. The rush of wine trucks, the prosperity of restaurants, the accumulation of jars, the standby of wine officials, and the drunken street of drinkers ... The drinkers in Bianjing City are also one of the manifestations of the emptiness of national strength in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

Wine official tries the bow

The street hut on the right side of Zhengdian was originally a military patrol room, which was equivalent to a fire station. Now it has been changed into a military wine transfer station. All three hemp poles used for fire fighting in the house have been abandoned. The eight wooden barrels in front of the house, originally used for fire fighting and water storage, have now become wine barrels. Three imperial guards were ordered to escort military liquor. Before leaving, they routinely checked their weapons. The strong man wearing a wristband is pulling a bow to try the string. Soldiers who are supposed to guard the city gate can only cheer up when delivering spirits.

Shave in the street

The old man with a scraper shaved the customer's face in the street, and the customer seemed to be avoiding the scraper. This should be the earliest beauty shop in Chinese painting. It turns out that the Northern Song Dynasty more than 800 years ago was also a "face-watching" society.

Out of town in torrents

The wide-open city gate was unguarded, and several camels passed by, carrying books and sundries bought from Beijing on their backs. A commander with a meeting face and a Chinese costume led a camel in front, and the team followed the pedestrians with luggage and straps tied to their legs. He looked around from time to time, as if it was his first time to visit Bianjing. The appearance of this foreign camel team shows that the Northern Song Dynasty has developed world trade.

Seal in Volume: Appreciation of Jiaqing

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was collected by Liu, Bi Yuan after it entered the Qing Dynasty. In the second year of Jiaqing, Bi Yuan died. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Bi Jia copied it, and the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival was accepted as an official for the fourth time, and it was placed in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Since then, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace.

Fishing in Pinglan

On the Pingqiao outside the city, a few scholar-like people were lying on the railing to look after the fish swimming in the city river, which was one of the sightseeing activities in Tomb-Sweeping Day at that time. There are the same people watching the water on both sides of the arch bridge, which also means "going to the river".

Cold Buddhism

There is a temple deep in the alley with a royal plaque hanging on the door. The gate of the temple is closed, and a statue of King Kong Lux stands on each side. The side doors on both sides are open, and a monk is looking in the west. Abandoned temples are in sharp contrast with noisy commercial places.

Divination and doubt

There is a reed shed next to the old willow tree, which is hung with three characters: "God lesson", "Seeing fate" and "Solving doubts". A fortune teller was sitting in a divination shop under the shed. A man in white bent down to ask questions, and three servants seemed to be whispering behind him. The fortune teller seems to know the fate of this man like the back of his hand. There are three divination scenes in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. In ancient times, good or bad luck must be measured before going far away and taking exams.

The scholar asked the official.

Outside the "Jie" shop, it was packed, and all of them were Confucian scholars who came to tell fortune. Everyone could predict the future by spending100p. At the end of March after Tomb-Sweeping Day, it was the day of the triennial Jinshi examination, and all the listeners were trying to solve the scientific cause.

Signboard menu

The business of this tea shop is booming, and the clerks are busy cleaning. People come here for dinner in an endless stream. Some researchers say that there is a small vertical curtain hanging in the shop, which may be the earliest menu in the world.

Twin-propeller passenger ship

In the picture, there are two oars at the fore and aft of the ship. Paddle and paddle are both propulsion tools of a ship, but the difference is "rowing" and "shaking" paddles. According to legend, Lu Ban saw fish wagging their tails in the water and chopping wood into paddles. The rowing boat in the picture can be used by 6 to 8 people at the same time. The invention of rowing boat is China's great contribution to the world shipbuilding technology.

Wind crane

There are wooden poles around Hongqiao, with cross wooden frames on the poles and bird-shaped objects at the top. This is an ancient anemometer, which was first made of five or two chicken feathers, also called "five or two". Just look in which direction the bird's head is facing, and you will know the wind direction.

Frontal seal: Shiqu Baodi

Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty obtained Zhang Zeduan's rare Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival through property acquisition. At this time, the Qing court was compiling a catalogue for the preserved ancient paintings and calligraphy, named "Shiqu Baodi", in which Zhang Zeduan's original works were included.

Preface: Baodi Part III

After the Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival was incorporated into the Qing Dynasty's Shiqu Baodi, the frontispiece was stamped with "Shiqu Baodi" and "Baodi Trilateral" as official titles, so today's Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival in the Palace Museum is also called "Shiqu Baodi Trilateral Edition".

The seal of the frontispiece: the place where Bi Yuan's Secret Collection was tested.

Bi Yuan was an official and scholar in Qing Dynasty. He has been a scholar for 25 years. He is the first in Tingkao and the top scholar. In the first year of Jiaqing, I rewarded a captain and didn't make public. He once collected Riverside Scenery in Tomb-Sweeping Day. After his death in 1797, he gave it to Prince Taibao for sacrifice and burial. Two years after his death, he was involved in the case and was confiscated. The Riverside Map on Qingming Festival was also returned to the Qing court.

Frontal seal: seal collected by Northeast Museum.

1945, Puyi was captured by the Soviet Red Army in the northeast, and a large number of cultural relics of the Forbidden City were seized from the accompanying articles. The Soviet army handed these items over to the Shenyang authorities and then put them in the Northeast Museum in Shenyang. Therefore, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival bears the seal of Northeast Museum on the front, 1950 was handed over to the Central Committee and returned to the Palace Museum for preservation.