Basketball knowledge

Basketball is the core event of the Olympic Games, and it is an antagonistic sport centered on hands. So what do you know about basketball?

Basketball knowledge 1: basic rules 1

1. Competition method

There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain and at most seven substitutes, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The game is divided into two halves, each half is 20 minutes, and the intermission is 10 minutes. At the end of the game, if the two teams have the same points, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken.

2. Fraction type

After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points for shooting outside the dividing line and 1 point for free throws.

3. Way of proceeding

At the beginning of the game, each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game. Throw a foul ball.

4. Player replacement

The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.

5. Free throw

Each player is allowed four fouls, and the fifth one is all fouls. And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 5 seconds after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.

lawbreaking

It can be roughly divided into (1) common violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice, kicking the ball or hitting the ball with your fist. (2) jump ball violation, (3) jump ball violation: the jumper can enter the central jump ball area before the jumper touches the ball.

Basketball knowledge 2: basic rules 2

1.30 second rule

When the attacker controls the ball on the court, he must shoot within 30 seconds (24 seconds in NBA and 35 seconds in NCAA).

2. 10 second rule

The team must control the ball from the backcourt and make the ball enter the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 10 seconds.

3.5 the second rule

After holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within 5 seconds. FIBA rules stipulate that free throws must also be made within 5 seconds (NBA rules are 10 seconds).

Rule number two

A foul caused by physical contact with the opponent, such as an argument with the referee.

5. personal foul

Foul behavior caused by physical contact with the other side.

6. Technical foul

A player or coach is convicted of a foul because of poor performance, such as an argument with the referee.

7. Cancel the game knowledge foul

A foul action made by an athlete that does not reflect the spirit of the athlete, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately.

8. Five fouls by the player

Whether it is a personal foul or a technical foul, a player must leave the field for five fouls (six in NBA) and no more games are allowed.

9. Violate the law

It is neither a personal foul nor a technical foul. The main violations are: illegal dribbling; Take the ball away; 3 seconds violation; Take the ball out of bounds.

10. Player out of bounds

The ball is out of bounds when the player touches the line or off-line area with the ball or the ball itself. The ball is not out of bounds in the air until it touches the line or the area outside the line.

1 1. Interference ball

When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders can't touch the ball when it is under the basket.

12. closely watched athletes

Players closely watched by defenders must pass, dribble or shoot within 5 seconds, otherwise their team will lose possession of the ball (there is no such provision in NBA rules).

13. Send the ball back to the backcourt

If the team has moved the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the players of the team can no longer move the ball across the center line and transport it back to the backcourt.

Basketball knowledge 3: basic skills of basketball

1) ball control skills

1. Control the ball

Hold the ball with five fingers and tighten your fingers inward. When the ball falls, catch it with your palm.

2. Trunk dish ball

Put the ball on your waist and hover. The key to this action is to face forward, don't watch the ball at the same time, and then do the practice of dribbling clockwise and counterclockwise.

3. Neck dribbling

Practice the neck ball. This exercise is also to face forward, keep your neck still, and practice alternately clockwise and counterclockwise.

4. One-legged hockey

Keep your feet apart and your center of gravity low. Hold the ball and dribble with one foot. Don't watch the ball with your eyes, practice alternately with your left and right feet in the positive direction and counterclockwise direction.

Throw the ball before and after stepping down

Keep your feet apart and your center of gravity low. Throw the ball lightly from front to back, catch the ball quickly from back with both hands, and throw the ball lightly from back to front. Repeat this exercise as many times as possible in 30 seconds.

6. Knee ball

Put your feet together slightly, lower your center of gravity and practice dribbling along your knees. Don't watch the ball with your eyes, practice alternately clockwise and counterclockwise.

7. Get off the 8-wheeler

This is the application of one-legged dribbling. Dribble the ball in figure 8 along your feet. Don't watch the ball at the same time. Practice alternately clockwise and counterclockwise.

Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball Basketball was founded by James of Springfield University in the United States on 189 1. It was invented by Mr Naismith. The earliest rules of basketball game were also formulated by Mr Naismith.

At that time, the purpose of his basketball rules was:

(1) Basketball is a game played by hands, and the ball is round;

② Walking or running with the ball in hand is not allowed;

(3) Athletes can go anywhere on the field as long as it does not affect or hinder other athletes;

④ Physical contact between athletes is not allowed;

⑤ The hoop should be horizontal.

According to these five basic principles, Mr. naismith made the most primitive rules of basketball match. The original rules of basketball match are 13. The basic content of article 13 is:

1. Players can throw the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands.

2. Players can catch the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands, but they must never hit the ball with their fists.

Players can't take the ball away.

You must hold the ball with your hand, but you are not allowed to kick the ball with your head and feet.

5. Players are not allowed to use shoulder bump, hand pull, hand push, hand bump, foot trip and other methods to deal with opposing players. Any player who violates this rule will be regarded as the first foul and will be forced to stop playing until he hits a ball.

Participate in the competition. If you intentionally hurt the opposing player, you will be disqualified from participating in the whole game and will not be allowed to substitute.

6. hitting the ball with fists violates rules 3 and 4.

7. If either side fouls three times in a row, it is counted as the other side's goal. Continuous foul refers to: during a period of time, the opposing team members did not foul, while their own team members fouled continuously.

8. If the defender doesn't touch or interfere with the ball, when the ball is thrown into the basket and stays in it, it is considered a basket. If the ball stops at the basket and the other team touches the basket, it is also a fortune teller.

9. When the ball is out of bounds, the ball will be thrown into the field by the first person who touches it. If there is an argument, the referee will throw the ball into the field. Throw a foul ball for five seconds. After more than 5 seconds, the ball was awarded to the opponent.

10. The referee is the referee of the player, and he has the right to call a foul. When a team fouls three times in a row, he will notify the assistant referee. He has the right to declare an athlete disqualified.

1 1. The assistant referee is the referee of this ball. He can decide the time of the ball in the game, he should count the time, decide the stroke of the ball, record the number of strokes of the ball, and bear the responsibility that the referee should bear at ordinary times.

12. The game will be played in two 15 minutes with a 5-minute break.

13. The team that hits the ball the most wins. If there is a draw, with the consent of both captains, the game can be postponed until another goal is scored.

Although the original 13 basketball competition rules are not systematic and complete, and some terms are not clear enough, they have played a great role in promoting the development of basketball in the early stage. In particular, basketball has developed into a modern basketball sport today, and the technical and tactical level is getting higher and higher, so the rules are even more important. It requires strict, scientific and systematic management of basketball games.

Basketball knowledge 4: the evolution of basketball competition rules

The modification of rules promotes the development of basketball, and the continuous improvement of basketball skills and tactics promotes the appropriate modification or supplement of imperfect rules, thus making basketball develop in a healthy and advanced direction.

Rules and basketball skills and tactics, like productivity and relations of production, are complementary, interdependent and mutually reinforcing. By affirming, denying, allowing or not allowing, the rules ensure the normal progress of basketball games and promote the healthy development of basketball. The action that conforms to the rules of the field is the correct action, and vice versa.

The rules have developed from the initial 13 to the present 58, and the basketball skills and tactics have developed from the initial simple low level to the present high level, which is the result of their mutual restriction and promotion for many years. For example, the development of dribbling technology from the initial elbow joint as the axis to the current shoulder joint as the axis is precisely the result of the constant affirmation of the developing technology by the rules. Now the rules clearly point out that the symbol of the end of dribbling is the moment when both hands touch the ball or dribble with the palm up, and the thumb exceeds the vertical plane to end the dribbling. Always in your hand.

Down, the thumb does not exceed the vertical plane, and the ball can't stay in the hand. Therefore, the modern technology of arm dribbling with shoulder joint as the axis and one-handed back-pulling and back-turning dribbling has been affirmed in legal form. Another example: the development of shooting techniques, from the initial in-situ two-handed chest shooting to top-down dunk, one-handed or two-handed basketball and other superb techniques, the rules clearly stipulate that all players are shooting. Therefore, modern technologies such as dunk and makeup have developed rapidly. In recent years, there have been many techniques in the competition, such as back jump shot, back jump shot and hook jump shot, which are also determined by the basic principles of dealing with physical contact and foul, such as vertical plane principle and flying man principle. When dealing with fouls, the guiding ideology of offensive and defensive balance is particularly emphasized, forcing and promoting shooters to adopt various forms of jump shot techniques, get rid of defense and avoid hitting people because of fouls, so as to achieve the goal of scoring and promote the continuous development of defensive tactics.

Under normal circumstances, FIBA will revise and supplement the rules every four years, with the purpose of promoting the further development of basketball skills and tactics, limiting rude movements and making the game develop in a civilized, clean, intense and hard-working direction.

The change of rules is unknowable, and no one can change it at will on a whim. It is carried out according to a certain review purpose. The specific guiding principles for modifying the rules are:

1. Gongping. This is the basis for modifying the rules. Rules should be fair to both sides of the game. Because the basketball game is a contest of basketball consciousness, skills and tactics and physical quality between the two sides under the same conditions of time, space, venue and number of people.

2. Balance. Balance (or balance) means that both offense and defense must be balanced. If a game is easy to score or difficult to score, it will make the game dull and not exciting, then the wonderful charm of the basketball game will be lost.

3. Define the meaning. The definition of rules should be concise and accurate.

4. compile. Rules should be compiled, avoid duplication, be consistent and not contradictory.

5. Keep it short. The rules should be short and to the point, and avoid verbosity that makes people difficult to understand.

6. Outside the case. There are many rules in front of the rules. If there are no exceptions (that is, comments), it is difficult to enforce the rules. The exception is to ensure the implementation of positive law.

7. Safety. Rules should ensure personal safety and the smooth running of the competition in a good environment and atmosphere.

8. power. The referee must be given the power to execute the rules competently and authoritatively in the competition.

9. Continuation. The rules should minimize the number of interruptions of the game, so as to ensure the continuity of the game and make the game more compact and exciting.

10. No profit. Rules should make no one in the game benefit from violating the rules, so that the game can be played fairly and reasonably.

Basketball knowledge five: a brief description of the main terms

(1) Dunk: The athlete holds the ball with one hand or both hands, jumps in the air, and directly pours the ball into the basket from top to bottom.

(2) Make-up: When the shot is missed, the athlete jumps in the air to make up the ball in the basket.

(3) Blocking: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with footwork. This footwork is called blocking.

(4) Catch the ball: move along the passing flight direction to facilitate catching the ball.

(5) Dislocation defense: The defender stands next to the attacker he defends and prevents him from catching the ball, which is called dislocation defense.

(6) Important position: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his body and occupies a favorable position to catch the ball.

(7) Breakthrough: Break through the defender with the ball.

(8) Empty cut: The attacker ran to the basket empty-handed.

(9) One pass: The receiver passes the ball 1 time from defense to attack.

(10) Blocking: When the attacker shoots, the defender tries to hit the ball out of the air.

(1 1) Complement: When 1 defender loses the correct defensive position, other 1 defenders make up the correct defensive position in time.

(12) assist in defense: assist in defending peers.

(13) Press defense: Keep close to the attacker, and constantly threaten the opponent's ball control safety or prevent the opponent from receiving the ball with offensive and defensive actions.

(14) Oblique insertion: Run diagonally from the sideline to the basket or the center of the field.

(15) Time difference: When shooting, in order to avoid the cover of the opponent's defense, the air block is used to change the shooting time.

(16) serve: The offensive player without the ball takes the initiative to grab the position and receive the ball.

(17) Down: During the transition between attack and defense, the positions of both sides are arranged.

(18) Coordination: The attacker receives and transfers the ball through the tactical coordination organized by the players in the frontcourt or the middle of the whole court, resulting in attack opportunities such as empty cutting, bypassing cutting and covering.

(19) Cover: An offensive cooperation in which the attacker blocks the opponent's way with reasonable technical movements and creates opportunities for the partner to get rid of the defense.

(20) Sudden score: The offensive player with the ball passes the ball after breaking through.

(2 1) cross-cut: The attacking player with the ball uses the empty cut immediately after passing the ball, and must catch the ball to attack.

(22) Make-up defense: When 1 defender loses his position, it is possible for the attacker to score directly with the ball, and another 1 defender nearby immediately gives up his opponent to defend the attacker with the ball breakthrough.

(23) Changing the defense: the defenders exchange the defense.

(24) Closing the door: Two adjacent players who defend the ball holder quickly move closer to the attacker's breakthrough direction, forming? Barriers Block the attacker's breakthrough route with the ball.

(25) Attack: Two defenders jointly block 1 the attacking players and block their passing route.

(26) Squeeze: When two attackers cooperate with each other, the members of the protected person approach to the back, seize the position at the moment when the attackers are about to complete the cooperation, squeeze between the two attackers from the side, destroy their cover and continue to defend their opponents.

(27) Crossing: When the attacker covers, the defender's players are slightly away from each other, so that the companions can pass through their own cover players and continue to defend each other.

Basketball knowledge 6: Precautions for shooting

There are many different shooting methods in basketball training and competition, but no matter which shooting method, there are two things that must be done:

First, the power is exerted from the soles of the feet, that is to say, although shooting by hand, the power is initiated from the front foot, then passes through the ankles, knees, crotch, upper body, arms and wrists, and finally transfers the power to the fingertips to throw the basketball. The whole transfer of power should be a coherent and coordinated process.

Second: the arm posture should be that the upper arm is at 90 degrees to the forearm, and the wrist is at 90 degrees to the forearm and parallel to the upper arm. Hold the back and lower part of the ball with your fingers. When shooting, the arm is extended upward and forward (pointing to the basket, of course), the wrist is bent upward and forward hard, and finally the ball is pushed out with your fingers. This will make the basketball spin down, and it won't cause a big rebound when playing rebounds or baskets. You should also keep your hand in contact with the basketball for as long as possible (that is, follow the ball for a long time), which is conducive to controlling the direction of the ball and improving the shooting percentage. Don't think too much about whether the ball is thrown into the basket at first. The focus is on body posture, movement and the rhythm of the whole shooting action. Repeat the same action essentials every time you shoot. When the correct shooting action becomes smooth, the hit rate will naturally increase. You should also practice shooting from different positions and angles under the basket.

Basketball knowledge seven: one-handed in-situ shooting

One-handed in-situ shooting, especially for teenagers, is a basic shooting method. Let's take right-handed shooting as an example:

Hold the ball with your hands flush with your eyes, slightly to the right, with your right foot slightly ahead of your left foot, and your knees slightly bent. Lift the ball, and extend your right wrist backward, so that most of the weight of the ball falls on your right hand. Hold the ball gently with your left hand, use your forefoot to exert your strength, lift your heel, straighten your knees and stretch your right arm to throw the ball (refer to shooting). Shooting starts with the wrist bending backwards, then goes up and forward, and the fingertip is the last place to leave the ball.

Basketball knowledge 8: How to improve the shooting percentage

Basketball is a sport with strong technical comprehensiveness, and the number of shooting points determines the outcome of the game. Then, how to create more scoring opportunities and improve the shooting percentage, the following are some methods in teaching and training:

First, strengthen the practice of standardized shooting movements. Shooting has one hand and two hands, no matter which way is adopted, it must be done in strict accordance with standardized movements. Cultivating and mastering the sense of muscle when shooting is the premise of taking precedence over everything, so we should increase the practice of standardized shooting actions and finally achieve dynamic stereotypes.

Second, improve the level of physical training. The degree of physical training is the basis of completing all kinds of technical movements and has obvious influence on shooting percentage. For example, players with poor physical training, when the amount of exercise increases, the hit rate drops significantly. Therefore, shooting should be combined with physical training, and shooting training should be carried out within a certain lower limit of intensity, so that there is enough physical strength to ensure the stability and improvement of shooting percentage in fierce competitions.

Third, choose a good shooting opportunity and make a decisive shot. Good shooting timing is the key to improve shooting percentage. Good scoring opportunities are created by the cooperation of individuals and the whole team, and we should be good at catching shooting opportunities. The shooter should observe the defender's center of gravity, position and defensive distance. Once the defensive side loses its normal defensive position and cannot interfere with shooting, or when the shooter induces the defensive side to lose its center of gravity, position and defensive distance with fake actions, the shooter creates a shooting opportunity and makes a decisive shot. Take advantage of the opportunities created by team tactics or take advantage of the temporary time difference and sense of space between the offensive and defensive sides.

Fourth, we must have a strong desire and confidence to shoot. Strong shooting desire and self-confidence are the premise of improving shooting percentage and play an important role in shooting. In teaching, it is necessary to make shooters fully exercise, master various shooting skills and give full play to their subjective initiative. Usually, we should pay more attention to students, help them, encourage them, praise them and cultivate their self-confidence.

Fifth, strengthen the training of overall coordination and stability of hand movements. In the game, it is often seen that some shooters can still throw the ball when they suddenly lose their balance under the action of external force, which shows that the shooter has good physical coordination, his body and hands are relatively stable at the moment of releasing the ball, and the shooter has a strong sense of time and space, good hand feeling and strong self-confidence, which makes the whole shooting action even, soft and natural, coherent and smooth.

Sixth, choose the right shooting angle and the flight path of the ball. According to science and practice, the shooting angle of the ball affects the flight path of the ball. Generally, there are three kinds of flight trajectories of the ball: low arc, middle arc and high arc, and the middle arc is the best. However, the distance of shooting, the height of the player and the quality of bouncing are different, so the flight trajectory of the ball is different when shooting, which should be decided according to the actual situation in training. At the same time, stable psychological factors are also very important. Learn self-adjustment and self-suggestion, and take reasonable and decisive action to shoot, which is not affected by the referee, the venue, the audience, the atmosphere and the score.

Basketball knowledge 9: How to jump shot

The advantage of jump shot is that it is not as easy to be blocked by opponents as in-situ shooting. Young athletes may not be able to jump shot well because of the lack of muscle strength in legs, arms, shoulders and back, so they can give up temporarily, otherwise the wrong action caused by insufficient strength will affect their self-confidence, and it will be difficult to obtain the ideal jump shot technique after the strength meets the requirements. The technical essentials of jump shot are as follows:

Hold the ball with both hands and put the non-shooter in front of or on the side of the ball (according to your comfortable position). The shooter puts the ball behind his back, knees slightly bent, hands holding the ball from his chest to his eyes, and then his feet bounce. When jumping up, bend your elbow (forearm backwards) and turn your wrist backwards. When jumping to the highest point, reach forward with your forearm, throw the ball forward and down with your wrist, follow the ball with all your strength, and keep your eyes on the basket all the time.

Basketball knowledge 10: three-step layup practice

Three-step layup is the most basic and simple shooting technique. Let's take the right hand three-step layup as an example to illustrate how to practice:

Start from the right side of the front about 3 or 4 meters away from the basket, dribble the ball forward with your right hand, face the basket with one hand, and finally step out with your left foot (and prepare to take off). After the last step, hold the ball with both hands (left hand in front of the ball, right hand behind the ball, close to the bottom of the ball), jump with your left foot, keep your eyes close to the basket, face the direction you want to send the ball, leave the ball with your left hand and fully extend the ball with your right hand. Pick a basket? ) Give the ball away.

Left-handed layups only need to dribble with the left hand, and right-footed take-off with the left hand? Pick a basket? Do it. At the beginning of practice, lay up with your accustomed hand (strong hand), and then practice laying up with your other hand after you are proficient. If you find it difficult to master the jumping point or adjust the last step during dribbling, you can practice the previous step first, jump and shoot, and then start with dribbling after you are proficient.

Basketball knowledge 1 1: Basketball sports injury

Playing basketball is prone to "bone and joint injury". That is, young people whose bones are not hardened are most prone to knee edema when their knees are strongly stimulated. Preventive methods; Do some exercises that strongly stimulate the knees, such as total knee flexion and rabbit jumping. Don't go too far, and at the same time train and strengthen the exercises around the knee joint.

1) ankle sprain

Before practice, wrap your ankle with adhesive tape (tripping paste and bandage) to prevent sprain. However, the most effective way is to prepare the ankle and kick the ball unilaterally, and at the same time strengthen the muscles that should not be done. If you are unfortunately sprained, first apply cold compress to the affected area and apply appropriate pressure. Only cold compress with ice water, press with sponge, and wrap it with elastic bandage from above the sponge.

2) Finger tingling

It was caused by a strong impact on the finger. Prevention method: fully prepare for finger movement. Finger injuries can be divided into five types according to the degree: 1. Sprain, 2. Dislocation, 3. Fracture, 4. Tendon rupture, 5. Blunt injury (split skin). If a sprain occurs, its treatment method is the same as that of other parts, and cold compress should be carried out first. After 2~ 3 days, the part should be kept warm and massaged at the same time. When dislocated, you should be able to bear the pain, let the medical staff straighten your fingers, restore them to their original state, and then dispose of them as before. As for serious finger injury, fracture and tendon rupture, it is not allowed to move. It is the best policy to send a doctor for treatment quickly.

3) Muscle dislocation

The sharp force (flexion and extension) is applied to the muscle, which breaks the muscle fiber or part of the muscle membrane in the muscle and leads to internal bleeding. Precautionary measures: before practice, rub the muscles of all parts to relax them, especially the players with hard muscles, and pay special attention to them in hot and cold seasons. The treatment method is as follows: if it happens in the leg, fix the knee for 2~3 days first, don't move it at will, and use water or ice. Bandage can prevent the expansion of internal bleeding. After this treatment, keep warm a little and engage in relaxation activities. The characteristics of treatment are: after the internal bleeding stops, although the body still feels stiff, it should be slightly active.

4) Foot swelling and pain

The movement of the feet; Especially when I practice moving and stopping for a long time, I feel that my heel hurts twice. This disease is also called calcaneal osteopathy, because when the foot looks at the ground, the fatty tissue between the bone and the heel skin is damaged by many sharp impacts. Its prevention method: pad a soft sponge under the heel or pad cotton on the inside of the heel, which can prevent the subcutaneous tissue from being pressed to one side despite the force from below. The method of treating heel pain is not easy to operate. Only before the pain is eliminated, try to avoid a strong impact on the heel and practice the ball at the same time.

After that, you should do medication, such as hot compress with a warm wet towel. Therefore, if this disease is ignored, it will often become a chronic disease and it is difficult to treat. It is best to treat the symptoms at the early stage.

5) Knee injury

Knees are easily injured by heavy injuries. Prevention: Use knee pads. If you get a strong blow or impact, the treatment depends on the situation. If it is serious, you must have an operation.

6) Foot injury caused by friction of sports shoes

As long as you wear clean, wrinkle-free socks and sports shoes that fit your feet, it should have a certain preventive effect. If there are blisters caused by the friction of sports shoes, don't break them rashly. It is best to sterilize this part first, then squeeze out the liquid wrapped with sterilized stitches, and then post an OK itinerary.

7) corns

Cornus officinalis is the keratinization and value-added part of skin. If the core is deep enough to reach the inside of the dermis, carefully cut off the added value bit by bit with a razor. Precautions: When taking a bath, rub the thick skin with pumice.

Basketball knowledge12: abbreviation of NBA technical statistics

NBA technical statistics abbreviation meaning:

3P% 3-point hit rate 3PM 3-point success

3: 00 p.m.-A three-point shot/throw times APG assists per game.

AST assists AVG to score points per game.

Successful shooting times of BLK Blue Cricket FG

Shooting percentage (excluding free throws) FGM hits

Free throw percentage

FTM-A hit forward F with a free throw.

G guard c center

G-F defender forward F-G small forward

G appearances HI the highest score in a single game this season.

Minimum MPG score of total playing time per game

PF foul PPG average score

PTS total score ST steal

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