Who has information about ancient marriage customs?

Brocade is full of makeup bun, red eyes and red mouth.

The bride must be blessed, and everyone has a good matchmaker.

A little red among the green trees, Weaver Girl will be a cowherd tonight.

Like flowers blooming side by side, in pairs into the bridal chamber.

Puxian folk songs vividly describe the real scene when men and women get married.

In the old society, the marriage between men and women in Puxian basically followed the orders of parents and the words of matchmakers, emphasizing the bad habit of getting married early and enjoying early. The main procedures of marriage are basically the same as those in the Central Plains, such as receiving gifts, asking names, Naji, receiving gifts, inviting parties, and welcoming relatives. However, due to Puxian's special geographical location and profound traditional cultural accumulation, the marriage customs in this area are colorful, and some life scenes of ancient predatory marriage system still exist, from which we can spy out the living fossils of ancient marriage.

Discuss marriage. In Puxian, when men and women are of marriageable age, parents should ask their elders to come out to discuss marriage, or ask the matchmaker to try their best to get along. A thousand miles of marriage is tied by a thread, and people often call the matchmaker the elder under the moon. The matchmaker industry has a long history. The Book of Songs says that bandits and media are not allowed. It refers to the custom that marriage must be arranged by a matchmaker at that time.

The matchmaker was invited by the host and also came to the door on his own initiative. They often use glib words to make their parents and elders who don't know each other very excited, and further ask both men and women to send Geng stickers (that is, birthday stickers) so that they can have a blind date. If the woman's parents intend to get married, they will give their daughter's birthday to the man's house, and compare and calculate according to the eight characters of both men and women, commonly known as "matching eight characters", and put the eight characters of both sides in the stove and incense burner for three days. If everything is safe and smooth at home within three days, it means that it is a match made in heaven, and the man can formally find a matchmaker to propose to the woman.

Blind date, Pu Xian commonly known as seeing family. That is, after the man formally proposes to the woman, his parents will go to the woman for a blind date. The blind date ceremony is relatively simple. The man chooses an auspicious day, and the matchmaker tells the woman's parents that when dating, the daughter should dress up more, and the man and his parents only observe the woman's appearance. At this time, the woman also took the opportunity to peek at the man's figure and appearance. If the man is satisfied with the woman's appearance and posture, approve it. Others just rely on matchmakers to tell stories. As a result, both men and women have had many jokes or tragedies.

According to the custom of Puxian, the man comes home for a blind date. If the woman is satisfied with the man, she will give each of the man's guests a bowl of boiled eggs, commonly known as "old moon eggs". If the man is satisfied with the woman (including family situation, etc.). ), he can eat the old moon eggs; Don't transport this bowl of eggs if you don't like it. Express the wishes of the parties in this euphemistic way to avoid embarrassment and unhappiness for both parties. After the man eats the old moon eggs, the woman will make snacks ~ noodles (longevity noodles), which means peace and longevity. After the guests finish eating longevity noodles, everyone should put a generous red envelope at the bottom of the bowl to show their gratitude. After the blind date, both men and women and their elders had no objection, and the marriage was basically agreed.

Engaged. Engagement, commonly known as "engagement", "congratulations" and "release" After the blind date, the matchmaker played a very important role. After several bargaining, she made both parties happy, thus successfully carrying out the engagement ceremony.

When engaged, the man should choose an auspicious day, and his relatives, such as husband and wife, rich children, or the woman who gave birth to a boy for the first time, will form 6, 8 or 12 people and matchmakers (both parties). Women should wear red clothes, bring some dowry and gold and silver jewelry, and send them to the woman's house together with Geng stickers, incense sticks and fireworks. At this time, the woman set off firecrackers and then cooked snacks (noodles) for relatives and neighbors, indicating that her daughter had been betrothed to others. In modern times, the candy and cigarettes given by the man are distributed to relatives, friends and neighbors, and banquets are prepared to entertain the man's guests. When the woman sets off firecrackers again, the engagement ceremony is completed.

Book a wedding day. Commonly known as "looking at the sky." The man fixed the wedding date, informed the woman of the auspicious day with a red sticker and sent a tray of gifts. The dish is a round dish with thin bamboo strips woven into the wall, painted red, called red dish, with a diameter of about 50 cm. * * * per load, red plate 10, 5 on each side, big and small. There are also wealthy families with generous gifts as high as 10. The gift of carrying a plate is a respect for the woman's family. If the grandmother of the woman's family is alive, there should be a plate of pork and a plate of noodles in the red plate as a tribute to the elders, commonly known as the mother plate. Among the gifts sent to the tray, there are pork knuckle meat, noodles, rice noodles, red balls, cakes, vegetable balls, as well as bride price money, as well as clothes of various colors, which are loaded into the tray layer by layer. After receiving the red plate, the daughter's family immediately offered sacrifices to her ancestors, and then distributed the meat noodles and cakes in the gift to relatives and friends to inform her daughter of the wedding date. When relatives and friends know about it, they should add makeup to their gifts, commonly known as holding pollen, which is also called sending a wedding, and leave when they say it. As the wedding approached, the woman's family began to prepare dowry according to the amount of money paid by the man. According to the agreed etiquette, the man's family sent the prepared red headscarf (called bride's hat in Pu Xian), red coat with wide shoulders and big sleeves (commonly known as coat), fireworks and firecrackers and gift stickers to the woman's family. Married women will dress up and try on new clothes three to five days before they get married. In some coastal and mountainous villages, women also have the custom of sleeping with their boys in-laws (commonly known as little brothers), hoping to have boys next year.

The wedding ceremony is commonly known as marriage. Both men and women are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations. The day before the wedding, the woman divided the dowry into several columns and then carried it to the man's house. The more she recited, the more decent the woman's family would be. Marriage varies in thickness, and there are mainly five clothes (inside and outside clothes), thread-wrapped food seeds and other daily necessities as dowry. In some places with good economic conditions, bicycles, motorcycles, color TVs, refrigerators and other household appliances are used as dowry.

In ancient times, Pu Xian married with gifts, commonly known as the bride's adult ceremony or the head ceremony. The bride should freshen up in the boudoir before going to Hongqiao. The bride's family asked an older woman who lived a long life to comb and decorate her hair, and inserted five-core flowers made of paper or red silk on both sides of the new bun, commonly known as "top". The custom of "reaching the summit" has a long history. According to "The Palace Poems of Mrs. Hua Rui", the fifteenth day of the New Year is the most romantic, and it is convenient to climb to the top when giving it to the temple. Therefore, male and female gifts are called "heads".

At the wedding ceremony, the man sent someone to hire a vegetarian bridge and carried it in the hall of the woman's house. The red sedan chair is called "Bridal sedan chair" in Pu Xian. The red sedan chair is made of wood, carved and colored. There are four golden rolling dragons inserted above the sedan chair, so it is also called "dragon sedan chair". There are a pair of red notes on both sides of the car door, indicating the identity of the woman's family and showing her dignity. A piece of red pork is hung on the car door to avoid the injury of the "white tiger". After the red sedan chair, it was changed to a sedan chair with flowers and ventilation, commonly known as "makeup". However, the bride still held the ceremony before getting on the sedan chair according to the custom, and was reluctant to get on the sedan chair. It was not until that auspicious moment that I bid farewell to my parents and relatives, put on a red coat and a red silk scarf hat, and with the help of my mother, I bid farewell to the sedan chair with tears. Xi Niang closed the car door and tied it with a red rope. When the sedan chair set out, Xi Niang poured a basin of water and the bottom of the sedan chair and praised four auspicious words, commonly known as shouting four words. Every time I called Xi Niang, everyone shouted "Good!" ! For example:

Sprinkle it on the bearers ... good!

Good husband ... good!

Sprinkle it at the foot of the sedan chair ... okay!

Hello everyone (Puxian dialect mother-in-law) ... very good!

As soon as the bride's sedan chair came out of the hall, the woman's house was closed immediately, and an iron rake was used to block the door to prevent the colorful dragon from being dragged away by her daughter. This is an ancient custom.

When the sedan chair goes out on the road, the bride will cry in it. If your parents have lost their lives, you should shout your father's name and mother's name and cry loudly; If not, it is called unfilial.

When the sedan chair arrives at the door of the man's house, the groom's grandparents, parents and family members should temporarily avoid it, commonly known as avoiding driving. As soon as the bride's sedan chair entered the door, the bride who presided over the wedding asked Brother Fang to take out the mosquito net from the dowry tray, hang it on the bed of the new house, and then sprinkle red dates, peanuts, melon seeds, dried longan, candy and coins into the curtains in order to give birth to your son as soon as possible. Brother Paifang talked about his account while praising good words:

East, west, north, south,

Jiang Taigong, everything is forgiven.

Gui Sunlian's brother,

Prosperity is in a hurry.

Inviting "Fangjiege" in Puxian folk marriage is a legacy of ancient predatory marriage system. This can also be seen in many places in Zhiyun. According to Jiaqing Southern Yunnan Magazine, in ancient times, three days before her daughter got married, she set up a hut in front of the door and stored dozens of cans of rice washing water. On the day of the man's wedding, the groom and the wedding team went straight into Songfu and took the woman away on a fast horse. Parents spilled rice soup on the man and asked relatives and friends to come over. If they can't catch up, they will return. The man's family robbed the marriage, fearing that his wife would rob him, he invited many strong relatives and friends to defend or cheer until the cock crowed behind the door.

In the coastal areas of Putian, there is also a custom that the bride goes to the man's house one day in advance and holds the wedding the next day, which is different from others.

Visit the church. Commonly known as "adult" (wedding). After the sedan chair enters the main hall, the bride can't get off the sedan chair immediately. When it was auspicious, the master of ceremonies shouted a greeting and invited the groom to court. Xi Niang led the bride to the front of the sedan chair. The bride untied the red rope of the sedan chair door herself, and then the groom retreated to the left side of the hall to wait. At this time, Xi Niang led the groom's little brother (brother-in-law) or two children to the front of the car with their parents and asked the bride to get off. At this time, Xi Niang opened the car door, helped the bride out and stood opposite the groom on the right side of the hall. The wedding was held.

In Puxian, weddings are usually held at dusk. This can be traced back to the ancient marriage custom of marrying a wife (Shuo Wen Jie Zi). It is because the ancient love affair between men and women is mysterious, and it is often more appropriate to carry out it under the cover of night. When the wedding is held, gongs and drums are loud and firecrackers are ringing outside the hall.

The bride and groom worship heaven and earth first, then their ancestors. Then the husband and wife prostrated themselves in worship and toasted three soups and three points (that is, a small bowl filled with longan, red dates and lotus seeds to make soup). Then, please invite the groom's father and mother, both of whom sit in the Eight Immortals chair to be worshipped by the bride and groom. After the ceremony, my father sent a pair of red chopsticks (10 pairs) to wish you an early birth, and my mother sent a pair of red balls to show family reunion. The bride and groom should also pay New Year greetings to the elders present, and the elders will give back small red envelopes to show their respect.

After the bride and groom pay homage to their ancestors, the groom's family should prepare a banquet to entertain the guests. The banquet should have 12 dishes, which means that there are 12 months in a year, and every month is happy. On the sixth course, the groom, accompanied by an uncle, raised his glass and made a toast. The last two dishes of the banquet are sweet: balls made of glutinous rice flour; Sweet soup made of longan, red dates and lotus seeds means a sweet wedding and a long life together. After the last dish of the wedding banquet was finished, firecrackers rang again and the banquet broke up. Puxian's unique wedding custom ~ "noisy bridal chamber" began. It is said that ancient marriage customs tease or tease the bride and groom on the way to marriage, mixed with many banter programs. Pu Xian moved the ancient marriage custom to the bridal chamber.

In Puxian's wedding custom, making trouble with the bridal chamber is the climax of the whole wedding, which mainly takes the following forms:

Before the wedding banquet, Kirin sends the son (that is, the son). Before the wedding reception, the band and Phoenix Lantern led the brothers to send children with porcelain in their hands, followed by children with lanterns, candles and fruit boxes. They were sent to the bridal chamber from the outside. The groom greeted them at the gate of the bridal chamber, put the children on the shelf of the bed with porcelain, and put red candles, fruit boxes and a bowl of water on the table. Phoenix lanterns are hung on the ground beam in front of the bed.

Tonight, everyone will send the children.

The bride and groom smiled.

Yaner's newly married fish gets water,

It is very expensive to have children early.

After the praise was sung, the guests crowded into the new house to see the bride. Brother Fang deliberately spilled a bowl of water on the bed, saying that the baby had peed.

Put out the lights. After the wedding banquet, the evening has been relatively quiet. The guests gathered in the bridal chamber under the organization of Brother Fang, ready to make trouble in the bridal chamber. First of all, holding a lantern (indicating early birth of a boy), hanging a pair of small red lights in front of the new house and new bed, commonly known as the hundred lanterns. Under the command of Brother Fang, the groom picked up the bride and asked her to exchange left and right lanterns. After hanging them again, Fang Ge immediately praised the auspicious words:

Candle fairy in the bridal chamber,

There are a pair of phoenix lights hanging on both sides.

Introduction to east-west communication,

Wait a minute, Chi canela Ku boy.

Do scripture (that is, make fun of the bride and groom after lights out). In addition to holding lanterns, its main programs include Nose Melon Seeds, Fairy Crossing the Bridge, Fighting for Fairy Fruit, Guanyin Dew and so on. Generally speaking, there are only programs that joke with the bride and groom, but there are many programs that "send brother Fang". Oriental rooster announces the dawn, "Brother Fang" only asks the owner to set off firecrackers. And sing four hymns:

Everybody go out together,

Cover the door with your hands.

First meeting in the bridal chamber,

Husband and wife love.

While singing praises, Fang Ge conveniently closed the door for the bride and groom, commonly known as consummation. At this time, the exhausted bride and groom breathed a sigh of relief and wanted to have a rest, but the east turned white and the golden rooster was happier.

The bride answers the door. Commonly known as please turn the horse (the bride, accompanied by the groom, returns to her family for the first time).

On the morning after their wedding, the bride went to the hall to greet her in-laws and elders and meet relatives at home, commonly known as going out of the hall. Kissing the kitchen for the first time

On the third day after marriage (now it is usually the second day after marriage), the bride and groom must marry the groom's family. Before returning home, the woman's family sent the bride's brother (brother-in-law) to the man's house to invite the groom, commonly known as the son-in-law, also known as the horse transfer. The newlyweds sit in a sedan chair (groom or horse), and the grandfather leads them to the door, while the bride can always sit in the sedan chair to the door. When the newlyweds started, Yanari played music. After that, according to local customs, it is inevitable to hold a tasting banquet and a lively meeting.

Advocate freedom of marriage and love after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the 1950s, with the implementation of the Marriage Law, arranged marriages and complicated and vulgar marriage etiquette based on parents' orders and media agreements were gradually abolished, and simple and frugal new weddings such as tea parties and sharing candy were quite common. Since 1980s, free love has become a common practice. On holidays, dozens or even hundreds of collective weddings will be organized all over the country, and the bride and groom will be married by local leaders. The wedding was simple and grand. In economically developed places, the new fashions of traveling, marriage and honeymoon have also become popular. I don't know Cai

Commonly known as marriage negotiation or matchmaking, please ask the matchmaker to go to the woman's place to find out her mind and see if there is any hope of success in this marriage. When a matchmaker proposes marriage to a woman's family, he usually takes a live goose as a gift to symbolize loyalty.

Ask. name

Ask the name: commonly known as "eight-character combination", the matchmaker first sends the woman's eight-character wedding card to the man's house, which reads the date and time of her birth. The man must put it on his ancestors' box for a few days. If everything is safe at home these days, the man's character will be sent to the woman's house. Within three days after the woman accepts the male constellation, she will burn incense in front of the Buddha at home every morning and evening. In these days, if anything ominous happens in a man's or woman's home, such as theft, damage to goods, or family illness, then marriage will be impossible.

gina

Also known as Xiaoding or Wen Ding, that is, engagement. If you get a good omen after asking the name, the man will ask the matchmaker to give a gift to the woman's home and inform her to fix the marriage. At the same time, the man will choose an auspicious day to go to the woman's house and give the bride a gold ring.

I don't know a surname

Commonly known as the big engagement or the end of the engagement, the man chose an auspicious day to hold an engagement ceremony at the woman's house. Recruitment usually takes place within ten days to one month before the wedding. Besides preparing the bride price, there are 62 gifts. The names of the bride price all have auspicious meanings, and the numbers are even, which means in pairs.

Please. period

Commonly known as date selection, the man chooses the wedding date and asks for the consent of the woman's family.

Kiss. welcome

Officially hold a wedding. Write all the characters of the couple on red paper, ask the Japanese teacher to choose the auspicious day of the ecliptic, and the matchmaker will give it to both parties for approval before holding the wedding.