Grandpa Mao Zedong's words

Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang North, Orange Island.

I saw that the mountains were red all over the place, the forests were dyed, and the river was blue and transparent, and it was invincible.

The eagle strikes the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frost fight for freedom.

Lonely, ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs.

I took a hundred couples on a trip to reminisce about the past years.

Just classmates and teenagers, young, scholar spirit, Fang Qiu.

Pointing out the maze, inspiring words, the dirt in Wan Huhou that year.

Do you remember that you hit the water in the middle stream and the waves stopped the flying boat?

Qinyuanchun, snow

Mao Zedong

1February 936

Northland scenery,

Thousands of miles of ice,

It snows in Wan Li.

Looking inside and outside the Great Wall,

Only Yu Yu is arrogant;

Upstream and downstream of the river,

I lost my mind.

Mountain dancing silver snake,

The original wax figure,

Want to compete with the weather.

It must be sunny,

Look at that red dress,

Especially enchanting.

There are so many beautiful women in this country,

Attract countless heroes to compete.

Cherish the martial arts of Qin Huang,

Slightly lost literary talent;

Tang zong song zu,

Slightly coquettish.

A generation of tianjiao,

Genghis Khan,

I only know how to shoot an eagle with a bow.

It's all gone,

Count romantic figures,

Let's look at it now.

Snow, pure and pure, is the sustenance of interests and the embodiment of personality.

1February, 936, it was the moment when the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants completed the Long March, and then, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, set out from northern Shaanxi, crossed the river and marched to the front line of resisting Japan and saving the nation. Chairman Mao wrote "Qin" at this time, which highly summarized the political situation in the new period when the China Revolution completed its strategic shift and ushered in the Anti-Japanese National Liberation War.

Ten years have passed. The people of China won a great victory in the War of National Liberation against Japan. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was determined to launch a counter-revolutionary civil war. In order to deceive the people, he pretended to be peaceful in order to pounce on China and push China into the bloody sea of civil war.

The great leader Chairman Mao was far-sighted. In order to strive for peace as much as possible and expose the Kuomintang's conspiracy of fake peace talks and real civil war, the leader Wa went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang in order to realize the historical goal of creating a new China with the fearless spirit of proletarian revolutionaries and regardless of personal safety. At this moment, Chairman Mao's book Qinyuanchun, which was written for nearly ten years, appeared in front of people and was first published in Chongqing.

Since ancient times, poets and poets have mainly focused on snow; In the literary world of poetry, there are many poems about snow. Mao Zedong also has a special interest in snow. Sometimes he praises snow with beautiful words and sentences. However, this article is the first one, which is sung three times in a special chapter. Not only that, it is Mao Zedong's earliest work handed down from ancient times, and it also causes the most chorus and controversy. The most fundamental thing is that this word is the first full display of Mao Zedong's poetic wisdom and the first artistic display of Mao Zedong's rich and lofty spiritual world. With so many firsts in one, the word naturally plays an important role and is widely expected.

"There are first-class minds, first-class knowledge and first-class true poems." (shenqing Deqian, Judging Poetry). The word Mao Zedong is the swan song of ancient and modern snow poems, and its mind is magnificent and broad, which can really be described as "crossing the Liuhe River and sweeping the world" (Preface to the Collection of Xinjiaxuan in Song and Liu Kezhuang).

The first word is a large sum, which describes the snow scene in the north; The next film is a vertical and horizontal review of ancient and modern characters. The ups and downs are seamless, forming a vast world of time and space, casting a perfect and unique artistic whole and showing the spiritual realm of a great proletarian revolutionary.

"Northland scenery, thousands of miles of ice, snow in Wan Li", sung at the beginning, is extraordinary, and always covers more than half of China's winter snow scene. Poets praise snow. Their eyes don't just stay on the snow, but they write the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and comment on the long history of the motherland through learning, which makes them see big and speak deep. The geographical object of the first sentence is completely unified, covering half of China in one fell swoop. Describe the characteristics in two or three sentences and point out the topic. A Thousand Miles, Wan Li and Northland crisscross from the underground to the sky, and their writing style is broad; "Frozen" and "Snow Gone with the Wind" inherited the word "scenery", which set each other off by static and dynamic, and outlined the fierceness and grandeur of winter. There are only twelve words, which constitute a magnificent picture, providing a huge artistic space for the following description, and the lofty sentiments are stirring and wrapping the whole article.

The next seven sentences, starting from the word "Wang", are handed out in three layers, which describe all aspects of the frozen snow picture in detail and further express the heroic and passionate feelings. You see: the north and south "look inside and outside the Great Wall, the rest are boundless", which is a vast snowfield, echoing the "Wan Li Snow Floating" from a distance; Things look around, "the river rises and falls, and the momentum is lost", which is cold and powerful ice, responding to "thousands of miles of ice"; Looking up and down, you can see that "the mountain dances with silver snakes, like wax elephants, and wants to compete with God". Mountains and plateaus are so lively and full of vitality, they seem to be "dancing" to the clouds and "galloping" to the sky, competing with God with the high pressure of snow clouds! These seven sentences are as big as rafters, written all over the east, west, north and south, up and down inside and out, and the brushwork is very important. These seven sentences, dedicated to the Great Wall of Wan Li, touched the historical depth of the eternal civilization of the Chinese nation. "I want to compete with the weather" gives the lifeless landscape a tenacious vitality and a sense of competition. This is a personalized snow scene and a personalized poem. The natural landscape and human landscape are unified, and the image landscape is integrated with the main artistic conception. Only Mao Zedong has this brilliant idea! The poet interweaves the scene in front of him with imagination, selects the Great Wall and the Yellow River symbolizing the Chinese nation to paint vertically and horizontally, and depicts the mountains and plains from many aspects, such as color (silver wax), shape (snake, elephant), movement (dancing, galloping and dancing), highlighting the great image of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and vividly showing the magnificent spectacle of "the scenery of the North". At the same time, through this vivid artistic description, he also expressed his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland and aroused readers' strong national pride. The undulating mountains of flying snakes and the undulating plateaus of wax not only leap from the paper, but also give the mountains and plateaus high morale, reminding people of the Chinese nation with revolutionary traditions who have lived and worked in this land since ancient times. Only Mao Zedong has this wonderful word for this kind of article that describes empathy and lures people into the scene!

The mountains and rivers in front of us are so vivid and magnificent that they have been vividly laid out here. However, the poet is still unfinished. With his rich and unique imagination, he made a surprise scene with romantic style: "It's sunny, and it's especially enchanting to see plain clothes wrapped in a red dress." These three sentences are anthropomorphic. On the vast picture of ice and snow, imagine that when the snow is fine, the red sun shines on the snowy mountains and rivers of the motherland, just like a girl in red, which is more beautiful and charming. Use the word "must" to express optimism and expectation; The word "look" carries "hope" and shows the intention of watching carefully; "Dressed in red, wrapped in plain clothes" set each other off, which is particularly charming and bright, so the last sentence says "particularly enchanting". This is the way that the poet personifies the natural scenery through subjective similarity. Taking this fantasy as the ending of the last film, the written snow scene has a new beauty without decoration and carving. In this way, the poet captured the magnificence and spirit of the mountains and rivers of the motherland. Being able to describe the natural form artistically through objective feelings is what the ancients called "the essence of the topic".

The first one pays great attention to the magnificence of the motherland, so the next one naturally leads countless heroes to bow down to her. "Beautiful mountains and rivers" is very wonderful. On the one hand, it continues the "northern scenery" in the snow written in the last book, on the other hand, it draws countless heroes from the beauty of rivers and mountains. The phrase "attracting countless heroes to compete and bend their backs" is not worth mentioning, and it has a sudden emergence. The following seven sentences, in general, coordinate with the vast space in the last movie, and write a vast time, which runs through thousands of years, to survey the history of Chinese civilization, and quote five feudal emperors such as Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu and Genghis Khan from Countless Heroes for comments. A word "pity" vividly connects seemingly illogical people and things to form a magnificent historical picture; "Neglect", "neglect" and "only know" are three levels of derogatory meanings, and their shortcomings are objectively and fairly evaluated with euphemistic and implicit style and humorous tone. These figures have played a certain role in the progress of history. They have great achievements and are giants of history. It's a pity that they have more martial arts than literary talent, and they just want to absorb and not innovate, so they are not worthy of such beautiful rivers and mountains. Then, it is natural to introduce the ending of "past, count romantic figures, look at the present", which is full of infinite pride. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Tiren said, "The knot is the most difficult, especially the knot." "there must be a knot of' not worrying about the full moon, having its own night beads'." This is the beauty of the last three sentences of this word. The first three words, first of all, have a sudden turning point, like canoeing, and go straight to the next two sentences. The word "go" is preceded by the word "furniture", such as the iron broom that swept through "countless heroes" in history; The word "Yi" is full of emotion. Two or three sentences, in the verbs "number" and "look", show the confidence of the proletariat in China, which is rich, moving and meaningful. Heroes through the ages have been swept away by the rolling torrent of history. Only today's proletariat is the real driving force to push forward history and the well-deserved master of the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Only in this way can the motherland prosper and make the Chinese nation stand on its own feet among the nations of the world and make due contributions to mankind. This is the most warning place of the whole poem, and it is also the gathering place of the poet's divine light. With this most concise and general conclusion, the poem's praise for snow is beyond words.

Appreciation of Qinyuan Spring in Changsha

Wanshan Mountain is full of magnificent autumn scenery.

Aesthetically speaking, sublime beauty is manifested in the external aspect, which is embodied in magnificent scenes such as tall, vast, majestic and magnificent. German philosopher Kant divided sublimity into two categories: mathematical sublimity, such as the volume of mountains; The sublimity of mechanics, such as the momentum of a storm. Chernyshevski, a famous Russian literary critic, also said: "One thing is much bigger than everything compared with it, and that is sublime." Confucius also linked "greatness" with sublimity and praised: "greatness! Yao is the king. This is embarrassing, only the sky is big, this is just embarrassing. " This kind of sublimity, broadness and magnificence is vividly reflected in the description of mountains and rivers in Chairman Mao's poems. Qinyuanchun Changsha is one of the masterpieces.

The first half of the word focuses on scenery. "Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang North, Orange Island." From the beginning, the author put himself in the broad background of autumn water and sky. At the same time, it also brings readers into a lofty realm of late autumn. Looking from a distance: "The mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed." The author not only saw the maple forest in Yuelu Mountain in front of him, but also thought of the yellow ash in Xiangshan Mountain in Beijing, and thought of countless mountains in the motherland that changed from green to red, such as Ubuntu, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Acer, Quercus, Pistacia chinensis, and so on. Mountains and layers of trees let the god of nature touch the colored pens, making them dizzy and more beautiful than the spring flowers that smile in February. Close-up: "The river is overflowing, and a hundred people are fighting for it." Autumn water is clear, Jiang Bibo is in autumn, and the Xiangjiang River at the foot is more crystal clear in autumn, such as green jade and transparent crystal. On the river, Qian Fan is fighting for hair and crossing, silent and full of vitality. Looking up, "the eagle hits the sky", the cloudless autumn sky in Wan Li, and the eagle is brave and strong, flying freely. Looking from afar, "the fish is fragrant and shallow", because of the transparency and shallow bottom of the river, the fish swing their fins and swim at will. In just four short poems, the author depicts a three-dimensional and vast south of Wan Li with colorful autumn colors, just like Guan Shanyue, a famous contemporary Lingnan painter, with colorful landscapes. It is worthy of being the masterpieces of "driving the mountains and setting your eyes on the sea" (Li Bai's "Dangtu Zhao Yan Shaofu's Painting Landscape Songs") and "Talking about Wan Li" (Du Fu's "Song of Wang Zai's Painting Landscape Pictures"). It and the northern scenery described in the author's other poem "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" are unprecedented panoramic landscapes in classical poetry.

A glorious period in the prime of life

The sublime beauty is manifested in the inner aspect, which is the reflection of a great and noble mind. Ron Girnus of ancient Rome put forward that sublimity is "the echo of a great mind" in his article On Sublime. The second half of the word focuses on lyricism, which is the expression of this great spiritual echo. This expression is first obtained through memory.

"I took a hundred couples to travel and recall the past years." The author remembers walking, swimming and talking about world events with classmates and friends, and recalls that unforgettable and eventful time.

This word was written in the late autumn of 1925. This is when Comrade Mao Zedong left Hunan for Guangzhou, which was the center of the revolution. From 19 1 1 to 1925, Comrade Mao Zedong studied, worked and engaged in revolutionary activities in Changsha for many times. During this period, many important events occurred at home and abroad, such as the Revolution of 1911, the First World War, the October Revolution in Russia, the May 4th Movement, and the establishment of the China * * * Production Party. , are all major changes affecting the world situation. Such years are like towering peaks in the mountains of history.

"Just classmates and teenagers, in their prime; The scholar was furious and cursed Fang Qiu. " In these eventful years, the author and his classmates, such as Cai Hesen, He Shuheng, Zhang Kundi and other intellectual youths who are determined to save the country, are full of youth, brilliance, vigor and enthusiasm. The poet skillfully used the artistic conception in Zhuangzi Tian Zifang that "as a human being, one can look up to the sky, dive into the grave, swing the octupole and keep the spirit unchanged" to describe the free and unrestrained mind of young people in the new era liberated from the shackles of old ideas. (Free and unrestrained. Fang Qiu is also full of vigor and vitality. In the past, some people interpreted "reprimand" as a critical refutation and "Fang Qiu" as an expert authority, which is inaccurate. )

"Pointing the way, making bold remarks, manure was in Wan Huhou that year." This is the further concretization of "eventful years" and "reprimanding Fang Qiu". Faced with the beautiful scenery of "all mountains are red all over the place", they not only admire the magnificence of splendid rivers and mountains, but also lament the destruction of great rivers and mountains. Therefore, he published an article to set things right, attacking the darkness, preaching the truth, and despising the "Wan Huhou" at that time-warlords were like dirt. During this period, comrades organized Hunan Students' Federation and Xinmin Society in Changsha, set up evening classes for civilians, cultural bookstores and self-study universities in Hunan, participated in activities against Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor, and led the expulsion of Zhang and other warlords. In particular, the establishment of Xiangjiang Review and Marxist Research Association made ideological and organizational preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party in 192 1. These are not only the specific contents of "pointing out the mountains and rivers, inspiring words, and shit is Wan Huhou in those days", but also the background of writing this word. Understanding this background will help us to further understand the beautiful light of the revolutionary's lofty mind shining in his ci.

Hit the water in the middle of the stream, and the cloud in the tube.

"Young people should take the cloud to heart." (Li He's "To Drink") The poet and his companions' worries about taking clouds, from "traveling with a hundred couples" to "Wan Huhou's past", can be said to be straightforward, surging down like the Yangtze River, magnificent and stirring. At the end, "hitting the water in the middle stream, stopping the boat and not flying" is a symbolic way, vividly expressing the lofty aspirations of a generation of revolutionary youth.

"The mid-stream hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat." One explanation is that "hitting the water" means swimming and rowing hard in the rapids, and the waves even stop the fast-moving boat. I always feel that this artistic conception is not in line with the author's spirit of advocating "hundreds of battles and streams". I prefer the transformation of "mid-stream hitting water", that is, "mid-stream hitting water". Biography of Zu Ti in the Book of Jin:' Zu Ti can't clear the Central Plains, and those who help others are like great rivers! Later, Zhong Liu Jing became synonymous with vowing to revive the motherland. Here, it is said that the poet should ride the wind and waves in the tide of the new era, go forward bravely, and swear to revitalize China's lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments. After reading it, people seem to hear a heart that loves their country and hometown, and they are pounding, thus feeling the sublime beauty reflected by a great heart.

The artistic expression of China's classical poetry attaches great importance to the blending of scenes. Liu Xie said: "If the taste is complex and indifferent, it will be light." (Wen Xin Diao Long) Xie Zhen said: "Landscape is the medium of poetry, and love is the embryo of poetry; It is a poem, a few words are unified, and the vitality is endless. " The word "Poem Four Styles" has reached the realm of well integrating scenes.

In the first half of the year, although he focused on the scenery, he was full of feelings in the scenery. "The mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed" is not only a portrayal of the surrounding maple forests, but also a reflection of the poet's fiery revolutionary feelings. Red symbolizes revolution, fire and light. Wan Shan Hong Bian is a vivid expression of the author's idea that a single spark can start a prairie fire, and an optimistic vision for the revolution and the future of the motherland. "The eagle strikes the sky, the fish jumps shallowly, and ten thousand kinds of frost fight for freedom" is the author's yearning and pursuit for freedom and liberation. The sigh of "melancholy, ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs" directly shifts from writing scenery to lyric, which naturally brings out the lyric movement in the second half.

Although the second half focuses on lyricism, there is no lack of scenery in it. Recalling the past eventful years describes the years in an eventful, novel and vivid way, turning the intangible extraordinary years into tangible towering peaks, giving people lofty beauty. "The mid-stream hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat" is also a magnificent picture of bravely breaking the waves. It can be said that the sublime beauty of Qinyuanchun Changsha is interwoven with emotion as the warp and scenery as the weft. It not only enables us to enjoy the artistic enjoyment of magnificent autumn scenery, but also draws confidence and strength from the poet's passionate revolutionary feelings.