I know Zhu: The first chapter was born in Youxi.

Whether we want to study the history of China or the cultural history of China, it is hard to avoid one person, that is Zhu.

Zhu's personality is mixed. Praisers are mostly people who know Zhu and are deeply impressed by Zhu. For example, Qian Mu, who is regarded as the "great master" of China academic circles, called Zhu "a masterpiece of Neo-Confucianism since the Northern Song Dynasty, and it can also be said that it is a masterpiece of Confucius' academic thoughts"; For example, historians say that "it is better to be Zhu's dog than to be anti-Confucianism for the whole world." Most of the detractors are people who don't know Zhu. They follow the notes of some scholars in history, learn from others and listen to others' suggestions. Of course, there are also a few people who have original opinions.

Zhu's life is legendary, and his birth is legendary enough.

Throughout the history of China, every celebrity was born with some auspicious stories. Zhu is no exception. When he was born, there were four auspicious events:

First, good luck is a good thing. Zhu was born on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar in the fourth year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 130). At that time, the Zhu family lived in the Zheng family in the south of Youxi County (now Fujian) in Nanjian Prefecture. The day before Zhu was born, two mountains in front of and behind the Zheng family caught fire at the same time. These two mountains are called Wenshan and Mountain respectively, and they are named after mountains, such as "Wen" and "Gong" in seal script. The fire spread along the ridge, and its shape was more like the words "Wen" and "Gong" in the seal script.

When Zhu Song, Zhu's father, saw the fire, he said, "There must be a seal from heaven. This is a good sign of fire! " The next day, Zhu was born, so Zhu Song named his newborn son Xi according to fire, which is a combination of Xi and fire.

After Zhu's death 10 year, that is, the second year of Jiading (12 10 year), the court of Southern Song Dynasty gave Zhu posthumous title a "Wen", and the world honored Zhu Wengong, corresponding to the fire before Zhu was born.

Later, Zheng Zhai, where Zhu was born, was converted into Nanxi Academy, dedicated to Zhu. When Luo Jing, the deputy envoy of Hongzhi Ming Dynasty in Fujian, inspected Nanxi Academy, he was also very surprised by the fire and left a poem: "Wenshan is across the water, and it is no accident that the Academy is open." Outstanding people and spirit finally fit together, and we must think that Zhu is no longer alive. "

? Wenshan Harmony, as if it were formed on Youxi land to fulfill the birth of Zhu, stood tall and caught fire.

The second is the purple gas in Hongjing. Zhu was born in Youxi, and another strange thing happened in Wuyuan County, Huizhou (now Jiangxi) 500 kilometers away. According to legend, three days before Zhu was born, a rainbow-like purple gas rose from an ancient well in front of Zhu Jiazu's house in Wuyuan for three days. Later generations called this well "Hongjing".

Zhu's ancestors lived in Huangdun, Shexian County, Huizhou for nearly 30 years, and there is a mountain called Ziyang Mountain nearby. In memory of his ancestors, Zhu signed Ziyang Zhu in some works. Later generations therefore called Zhu "Mr. Ziyang", which corresponds to the purple gas emitted by Hongjing before his death.

The third is the seven moles of Beidou. When Zhu was born, there were seven moles on his right face, arranged like the Big Dipper. According to historical records, Confucius is different all over and looks like Beidou from a distance. Accordingly, there is a saying that Zhu is the incarnation of Confucius.

Of course, this statement can be ignored. But the seven moles on Zhu's face are real.

In 2008, I went to Fujian Jian 'ou Museum, and I was lucky enough to witness Zhu's self-portrait in the mirror, the treasure of the museum. In this photo, the moles on Zhu's face are very obvious, just seven, which is amazing.

According to legend, Zhu Song once asked someone to tell a fortune, and the fortune teller said, "So much wealth, so much expensive. Giving birth to a child is Confucius. " I don't know what Zhu Song was thinking when he saw seven moles on his face.

The fourth is overlapping Geng Xu. Zhu was born in the fourth year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 130), and heavenly stems and earthly branches was the year. Confucius was born in 55 BC1year, also Geng Xunian.

This should be purely coincidental, but some scholars don't think so. They just want to make a fuss about it.

In the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing made an appointment with the officials of the official department, and when he visited Nanxi Academy, he left a poem saying: "Zhenyuan is a Taoist plan, and two Geng Xu will meet. Zhou Dongni's father was born, and Song Nan was born. " Confucius is associated with Zhu (without benefiting Weng), which means "Zhou Dong moved and Confucius was born; In view of the position of Confucius and Zhu in the cultural history of China, later generations are also called "Northern Confucius and Southern Zhu". ?

Zhu Zu was born in Youxi, Fujian, which started with his father Zhu Song.

Zhu Song was a scholar in the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1 1 18) and served as a county magistrate. In the fifth year of Xuanhe (1 123), he moved to Youxi County. The normal term is four years and expires on 1 127.

In December of the seventh year of Ke Xuanhe (1 125), Jin Bing invaded the Northern Song Dynasty on a large scale. In the first month of the following year, Song Huizong gave way to Song Qinzong and changed to Jingkang (1 126). This title did not bring good luck to Qin Zong. In February of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Qin Heng and his father, who had been evil emperors for more than a year, were taken away by nomads and imprisoned in (now Yilan, Heilongjiang), and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.

Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Huizong, proclaimed himself emperor in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and was named "Emperor Gaozong" and "Jianyan".

In the second year of Jian Yan (1 128), he fled all the way to the south under the pursuit of the nomads from Zhao Gou. Fortunately, Zong Ze, who was alone in Tokyo, successfully repelled the nomads from the attack, and only gained a foothold in Yangzhou.

Three years after the proposal (1 129), the nomads from the army raided Yangzhou and Zhao Gou fled to Hangzhou. In March, Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan defected again. Fortunately, it was quickly pacified by Liu Guangshi and Han Shizhong organized by Zhang Jun .. However, Zhao Gou's ambition was completely destroyed in successive escapes. He never wanted to go north to the Central Plains again, but devoted himself to the southeast.

Imagine, at this juncture, who in the imperial court will remember Zhu Song, a small official in Youxi County? Who else has time to give him a term assessment and a new post?

Zhu Rensong Youxi county commandant expired, natural dismissal. But the new appointment didn't come down. My hometown Jiangxi is not only close to the nomads from the army, but also the uprising of Zhongxiang and Yangmao broke out, and I can't go back if I want to. After much deliberation, it is safer to stay in Youxi.

Fortunately, Zhu Song's good friend Zheng has a house (villa) in the south of Youxi City, which is usually used for literati gathering and entertainment. At this time, it came in handy and was temporarily lent to Zhu Song. Zhu Song's family moved from the dormitory of the county government to the Zheng family in the south of the city.

It is said that it is a family because Zhu's grandmother, parents, two uncles and two brothers are all here at this time, and with his birth, a family of eight is a big family.

Song lost his salary? For such a big family, eating is a problem. The hardships of his life can be imagined.

After a child is born, the placenta should be buried under the bed, which is an old custom in Youxi. Because Zhu Song borrowed someone else's house for temporary shelter, he dared not bury Zhu's placenta under someone else's bed, so he had to bury it outside.

The funeral gave birth to another story. It is said that the burial place of Zhu's fetus is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, which has created Zhu's extraordinary life.

Later generations also built a pavilion to commemorate it, named "Yu Xiuting". There is a monument in the pavilion, which reads "Zhu Wengong's clothes collection office". "Bury" means burying, and "clothing" means placenta. Zhu's descendants are very respectful to this pavilion. When they come, they will kneel down and knock on the big gift.

This is superstition, believe it or not. But someone in Youxi believed it and secretly took the child's placenta and buried it here. But as a result, the child is either demented or unable to live. Therefore, some people say that Zhu's life is very difficult, and no one dares to touch the idea of this land of feng shui again.

It is reasonable to say that Zhu's life is hard. After Zhu was born, his two brothers died one after another. Of course, it is not so much Zhu's hard life as I think it is the cause of poverty. As I said before, eating is a problem for a family of eight.

But Zhu's life is really unfortunate. When he was 5 years old, his grandmother died, and soon his two brothers died; /kloc-when he was 0/4 years old, his father left him; At the age of 47, his wife Liu Qingsi died; At the age of 62, his eldest son Zhu Shu died before him. I lost my brother in childhood, my father in adolescence, my wife in middle age and my children in old age.

Since Zhu, the Zhu family began to be named according to the five elements. Zhu Song and his two younger brothers, Zhu Fang and Zhu Ying, have the word "wood" next to their names; Zhu's name is next to the word "fire", which means to make a fire with wood; Zhu's three sons, Zhu, Zhu, all used the word "earth" next to their names, which means to make a fire. By analogy, descendants are named after this sort.

Zhu's nickname is "Shen Lang" because Youxi is also called Shencheng. Later generations named two camphor trees planted by Zhu as a child "Zhang" in memory of Zhu.

Another nickname of Zhu is "Wu Erlang", and the textual research of Professor Shu Jingnan, the author of Biography of Zhuzi, is based on the ranking of ethnic groups.

I don't believe this statement. What is the basis for the Zhu family to rank 52nd? Moreover, it was difficult for Zhu Song to get in touch with Zhujiajian at that time, and how did he learn about Zhu's ranking?

I think this nickname is to commemorate Zhu's grandmother's birthday. When Zhu was born, his grandmother was still alive, only 52 years old. Youxi has the custom of naming children according to their elders' age.

(To be continued)