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An Analysis of Guangzhou Slang "Lao" from the Perspective of Folklore

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In Guangzhou dialect, slang used by the people covers a wide range and has complex contents. Among them, it is used to indicate that people are called so-and-so places, that people are engaged in a certain industry, and describe people's image; Some name names and accuse people of some improper behaviors, while others are used as swearing language; There are also people who call brothers.

Looking at the name "Lao" horizontally, we can see some social situations and people's psychological state at that time; Vertically, it can be traced back to the origin of some special phenomena in the past society. If we trace the origin and evolution of the name "Lao", we can also trace it back to the pronunciation and vocabulary long ago. This is folklore, as well as linguistics, anthropology and local history. This paper hopes to play a role in attracting jade.

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The names of "guys" can be roughly divided into the following eight categories:

1. Address "Lao" with the place name of this province, indicating that the person being addressed is a local.

Such as Dongguan Lao, Shunde Lao, Xiangshan Lao, Taishan Lao, Deqing Lao, Luoding Lao ... This is the name of the word "Lao" that Guangzhou people are very familiar with. For another example, in Panyu County, there are names such as Newly Made Guy and Overseas Chinese Guy. Zengcheng County has Xintang Old and Xiancun Old. Dongguan has an old man in the lower part of the country and an old man in Huangcun.

Another example is to use a large domain name to summarize people in a certain place. Such as: Chaozhou guy, Hainan guy, Shaoguan guy and so on. Known as Chaozhou guy, it is Chaoyang or Jieyang, or Puning or Chaoan, so I won't distinguish it in detail.

Similarly, people from Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping and Enping are collectively referred to as Siyilao; For Gaozhou, Fangcheng, Hepu and Huazhou, it is generally called "Sixia Mansion Guy".

People who used to speak Dongjiang dialect, whether they lived in Dongjiang or Beijiang, were collectively called Hakkas.

People in Guangzhou are not called Guangzhou guy, and people in neighboring counties or other places are not called Guangzhou guy, but called Guangfu guy, sometimes called mainlander. In fact, the word Guangfulao is a general term for people in Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, Xinhui, Huaxian, Dongguan and Xiangshan.

In a county of this province, the local rural people are called natives and country people, and those who live in mountainous areas are called shanks.

3. For people outside the province, they are divided into Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangxi and Sichuan. For some places farther away, they are collectively referred to as foreigners or Americans, but there is no such name as Nanny in Guangzhou dialect.

People are called tall, short, fat, big and thin for their image and behavior. Blind deaf-mutes are called blind deaf-mutes; A cripple is called a cripple, a pockmarked one is called tofu, a beard is called a beard, and no hair is called baldness. Fear of tigers before, fear of wolves after, so "defeat" because of worry. Have mental illness, or be called a fool, or be called a fool. Spending money lavishly and without stint is called "rich man".

5. The names of all walks of life are: business guy, reading guy, soldier guy, pot repair guy, third-line guy, mud guy, castration guy, castration guy, robot guy, grocery guy, fish guy. What is the name of killing pigs? Piglet, a pork seller is a pork seller.

There are sedan chair guys, witch hunters, boatmen, fortune tellers, feng shui guys, Jianghu guys, drug dealers and so on. Cantonese opera performers are called actors or old people.

6. Those who come to Guangdong from other provinces and wander around begging are called vagrants; Local beggars are called beggars.

7. There is another nickname for some people who have bad hobbies or are not doing their jobs, or whose work style is not correct: in the 1920s and 1930s, many people smoked opium and were called opium addicts or opium addicts; Those who flirt with women are called losers and salty wet guys. In the countryside, those who hook up with other women are called wild men. Robbers are called thieves. A chicken thief is a chicken thief. Some traffickers who abduct children are called kidnappers.

8. Foreigners in Western Europe and the United States are collectively called ghosts, from which the name "Lao Fan" is derived.

For some China people who live in the United States and Australia, or men who come back from there to settle down, no matter how old they are, they are called "Jinshan guys".

Many names.

"Lao" is a common noun in Guangzhou dialect. However, there are some exceptions. For example, a seller of raw herbs is called a raw herb guy, while a listed Chinese medicine practitioner is definitely not called a "Chinese medicine guy" (there is no such word in Guangzhou dialect), but a gentleman. For those teachers who teach the Children's Palace, they will call him "teacher" instead of "teacher".

Is "old" a derogatory term? Does it mean contempt Do not like it! In the past, rich people in old Guangzhou were called rich people. Among relatives, the eldest brother is called big brother and the younger brother is called skinny. Obviously, it is not a derogatory term in such a vocabulary. But the word "old" is sometimes used as a derogatory term; Some men were denounced as "dead guys", "smelly guys" and "bad guys" when the neighborhood cursed the street. This is a derogatory term. As for those who like gambling, they are called gamblers and gambler; For those who lose the game, it is called no mercy; But there are no so-called "gamblers" or "losers". In this derogatory address, the word "guy" is not used.

Before liberation, there were private banks in Guangzhou, which were called "banks" in Cantonese. In Cantonese, the clerks who serve in these banks are called "silver paparazzi", but no one calls them "silver guys". Another example is those who live on wages. No matter how old they are, they are always called "wage earners". They also call themselves wage earners, but they don't have the name "migrant workers".

The slang "Lao" in Guangzhou dialect is neither a commendatory nor a derogatory term. It can be used in both commendatory and derogatory terms, depending on what adjectives people put in front of words and how they express them.

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In Guangzhou dialect, "Lao" is pronounced Lou2, which has two original meanings. The first meaning refers to a mature man (adult). For example, Guangzhou people call Dongguan men Dongguan guys and Dongguan women Dongguan grandmothers. The second layer means ordinary adults (adults). Occasionally asked where so-and-so came from? Answer: Xinhui guy. Or: Dongguan guy. In this way, the word "old" has become a synonym for "people"; Invisible, women in Xinhui County or Dongguan County are also included in this pronoun. In Cantonese, men sometimes call themselves men; Women sometimes call them that. Boys and girls in Guangzhou are called "little boys" and girls are called "little boys and girls". Children are young, not adults. For men, add "essence" and "boy" before and after the word "old", and for women, add "essence" and "female". These names fully prove that the word "Lao" has the meaning of referring to ordinary adult "people" (adults).

As a common name in Guangzhou dialect, the word "Lao" has a wide range. It was first seen by Wu Rengu in the Southern Dynasties (Liang Dynasty). According to the records of "Rebuilding Jade Pieces" written by Sun Qiang and Zhao Songpeng in the Tang Dynasty, the pronunciation of this word is: "Guy: It is difficult to engrave; That guy is also a big boy. " (1) its sound is similar to Liao; According to the word "Xun", "recreating jade pieces" is also interpreted as "big ears"; It can be seen that this word is a common name and has the meaning of an adult.

Some ancient South Vietnamese phonetics and vocabulary are preserved in Guangzhou dialect. Ancient South Vietnamese belongs to a dialect of "Ancient Baiyue" language. In the pre-Qin, Qin and early Han dynasties, the geographical distribution of various branches of the ancient Baiyue nationality was quite broad, reaching as far as Zhejiang today. The word "Lao" written by Gu in the Southern Dynasties, I think, was a popular word in wuyue language at that time, and later it was transformed into a vulgar word in the text.

As for the "Lao" in Guangzhou dialect, did it inherit and evolve from the pronunciation of ancient South Vietnam? Still need to check. Although the ancient South Vietnamese has long since disappeared, I think we can still find out what it is by finding the same or similar words in those branches of Zhuang and Dong languages that are related to the ancient South Vietnamese.

Based on the analysis of some branches related to the phonetics of ancient South Vietnam, the author makes a comparative study of the pronunciations of the appellations of "big shots" (adults). It is not difficult to see that "Lou2" in Guangzhou dialect inherits the phonetics of ancient South Vietnam that refer to "adults" (similar to "Lou2" and "lɑ:u"). This ancient South Vietnamese sound, in ancient Lingnan, is equivalent to today's Guangdong area. In the process of its inheritance, after the appearance of Pian Yu in the Southern Dynasties, and for a considerable period of time, people borrowed this Chinese character to transliterate, thus becoming the "old" of Guangzhou dialect. Later, various names of "old" were derived; Of course, these names have developed with the development of the times, and some names have been abandoned with the progress of the times. For example, at the beginning of the 20th century, the "rice vendor" engaged in gambling and the "opium smoker" ceased to exist due to social evolution.

The society is developing and the name is changing. The name "Lao" will certainly continue to change.

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