Details of Bigan Temple

Bigan Temple, located in Weihui City, Henan Province, is an important building integrating temple and view. It is the first temple in China that contains the tomb owner, and is called "the first temple in the world". The spacious temples and magnificent buildings show the intelligence and artistic creativity of the working people of Han nationality in ancient China. Bigan Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit, and Bigan Tomb is the first recorded tomb in China, which has important historical value.

Chinese name: Bigan Temple mbth: Bigan Temple Location: Weihui City, Xinxiang City, Henan Province Climate type: temperate monsoon climate area 7965438+100000 square meters Opening hours: 8: 00- 19: 00 in summer? Winter 8: 30- 17: 30 scenic spot level: national AAAA scenic spot ticket price: 40 yuan famous scenic spot: Qianlong Yubeiting? Bigan tomb? In the Ming dynasty, "fallen leaves return to their roots" shines on the wall? Happy cypress features: the first temple in the world, the city where Lin Shigen belongs: Xinxiang City, Henan Province, and the country where China belongs: required reading before departure, scenic spot introduction, key information, introduction, related legends, version 1, version 2, scenic spot distribution, overview, temple area, cultural exhibition area, ecological park, Lin Memorial area, commercial service area, etc. Bigan Temple Bigan is a loyal minister in the history of China who admonished the monarch with death, and is known as "the best in the world". Zhou Wuwang regarded Bigen as a national god. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty built a temple because of his loyalty. Bigan Temple in Weihui Ancient City was maintained by the government for generations. The existing building was rebuilt in the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty. Bigan Temple is an important building complex combining temples and tombs. It is the first temple in China that contains tomb sacrifices, and is called "the first temple in the world". This temple is grand, simple and spectacular. The main building of the whole temple consists of Shinto, Zhaobi, Shanmen, Gate No.2, stele gallery, square timber, affiliated halls and main halls, with a total construction area of 47,000 square meters. There are many precious cultural relics preserved in the temple, and its calligraphy, sculpture and architectural style all have high taste and historical value. Bigan Temple is a national key cultural relics protection unit announced by the State Council in 1996, and has now become a tourist attraction integrating tombs, temples and precious historical relics. Bigan Tomb is the first recorded tomb-burial tomb in China. It occupies a decisive historical position with its long history, complete layout, grand scale and rich cultural accumulation, and is called "the first tomb in the world". There are many inscriptions on Bigan Temple, from the tablet carved by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period to the imperial tablet inscribed by Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, covering almost every dynasty in China's history. Yin Bigan's tombstone carved by Confucius' sword is the only original Confucius found so far, and it is known as "the first monument in the world". Emperor Xiaowen's Tomb Hanging Yin Bigan in the Northern Wei Dynasty is said to be Cui Haoshu, a famous calligrapher in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which is above Wei Bei's fine works. Qing Qianlong's Random Thoughts on Passing the Tomb of Emperor Tai Shang of Yin is a regular script, with neat and graceful rhyme, gorgeous and dignified, and quite regal. The fourth stone tablet on the left side of the stele gallery was written by Liu Xilong in the Qing Dynasty. The four characters of "three generations of loneliness and loyalty" are magnificent and solemn. There are also masterpieces handed down from ancient times in the monument, such as Emperor Taizong's imperial edict to seal the surname Bi Gan, playing the seal of the surname Bi Gan, and Liu Minzhong's forgiveness of Bi Gan's tombstone in the Yuan Dynasty. These are world-famous historical sites and rich treasures of ancient calligraphy art in China. The characteristic plants such as Sinkiang cypress, cypress and heartless vegetable in the temple form a unique natural landscape. Bigan is Lin's great ancestor in the world. Weihui Bigan Temple is the root of forest on earth. Since 1993, Weihui Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Party Committee * * * will hold Bi Gan's birthday commemorative meeting every year. Lin descendants at home and abroad have come to Weihui to worship their ancestors, and Bigan Temple has become a holy place for Bigan descendants at home and abroad. The related legend version 1 "Cai Tong" is the most famous legend of Bigan Temple. It is said that after Bigan was cut off by Zhou Wang, his soul touched the sky, and the Jade Emperor sent Jiang Ziya to save him, so that Bigan kept his mouth shut and rode south to Xin (Xinxiang), where he could grow a new heart. He covered his robe without saying a word, and his face looked like dirt. He rode south, only to meet an old woman who had become da ji in Konoha, and stopped to sell the whole dish. Beagan asked, "A vegetable can live without a heart, but what about a person without a heart?" The old woman replied, "vegetables can live without a heart, and people will die without a heart." Beagan vomited blood and fell to the ground to die. Loyal souls turn blue for thousands of years, and red eyes seem to leave clouds. Until now, clusters of cauliflower have grown on Bigan's grave and in the fields around the temple. Cai Tong, with three leaves and no intention, is considered as the seven secrets of Bigan. The passage of history has erased people's memory of ancient historical facts and gradually evolved into this mysterious legend, in order to pin the reverence and grief of Bigan. Version 2 Bigan, as the younger brother of Di Yi in Shang Dynasty, was made a minister. Di Yi died of illness and Zhou Wang succeeded to the throne. Compared with the dry and auxiliary phase, they made great efforts to govern, worked diligently and loved the people, and the Yin merchants became increasingly prosperous. However, Zhou Wang indulged in debauchery, reused treacherous court officials, and neglected loyalty, and the Shang Dynasty soon went into decline. As a result, "I want to go there, I want to be its slave, and I would rather die than remonstrate." Legend has it that when compared with * * * *, Zhou Wang dug up his heart and blood, and the stage was covered with blood. In order to commemorate Bigan's loyalty, the Star Picking Platform in Chao Ge, the silver capital, was changed to the Core Picking Platform, and a stone workshop was built on it. The book "Zhong" is simple and vigorous, and the tragic couplet is engraved on the middle stone pillar: "Strong loyalty and courage, sad desolation, sad sadness!" It is the best praise for comparison. It is said that after Beagan's heart was cut off, he traveled 70 miles south to a new land, but he couldn't talk to anyone on the way. On her way to Bigan, she saw an old woman watering the vegetable garden. The dishes were unintentional, so she asked, "Can this unintentional dish live?" The old woman said bitterly, "People don't want to die, but they have to live, not to mention this dish?" Bi Gan's body was covered with sand, forming a sand dune, which is the tomb where Bi Gan was buried in heaven. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the business, he led a minister to attend the sacrificial ceremony in this place, and Yi Bi became a loyal minister, and personally wrote an epitaph to express his admiration. After King Wu was exterminated, Mrs. Bigen and her son were found in the forest of Taihang Mountain, because when they took refuge, they all lived on the fruits in the forest as food. Therefore, King Wu changed Alin's surname and called him Forest Master. There will be a world where the Lins compete with each other. There are also donations from Lin societies around the world in Bigan Temple. Now, every spring, representatives of Lin's descendants will come here to worship their ancestors. According to the resources and development foundation in the scenic area, the development layout of this tourist area is expressed as "five functional areas with one heart, two rings". Taking Bigan Temple as the core and expanding outward, it is generally divided into two rings: the cultural exhibition ring and the ecological garden ring. On this basis, the Bigan Forest Garden Tourist Area in Weihui City is divided into five functional areas: temple area, cultural exhibition area, forest memorial area, ecological park and commercial service area, with a total area of about 7965438+100000 square meters, of which the expanded tourist area is about 744000 square meters. The tombstone was listed as a national AAAA scenic spot on 20 1 1. Temple area is the core scenic spot of Bigan Forest Park, a national key cultural relic protection area. Its main landscapes include zhaobi, stele gallery, empty lion, Daxiong Hall, Kaixinbai, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qingganlong Imperial Book Monument, Confucius Sword Monument, and cemetery. The built-up area is about 47,000 square meters (in addition, the key protection zones are expanded to 1 1,000 in four directions. ) The cultural exhibition area includes the key protected area in the temple area, extending 200 meters to the south and 353 meters wide from east to west, as well as Bigan Square (with a radius of 63 meters and an area of/kloc-0 1.2463 million square meters), Youwei Garden in Yinshang (with an area of 25,700 square meters), theater (with an area of 400 square meters) and forest of steles for celebrities. , the total area is about 10. The main landscape planning of the scenic spot includes: Sanren Temple, Bigan Deeds Museum, Yinshang Historical and Cultural Center, Zhongjiantang, Temple of Wealth, Bigan Square, Yinshang Funny Garden, Theater, etc. Outside the temple area, the ecological park extends 200 meters to the east and 300 meters to the south respectively. Expand 200 meters to the north; The west to Beijing-Guangzhou railway control line forms an ecological park. The main landscape planning of this scenic spot includes: Rihu Lake, Yuehu Lake, Shenqiao Bridge, Shenshan Mountain, Bamboo Garden, Meiyuan Garden, Pine Forest, Ginkgo Gallery, Orchard, Ecological Flower Nursery, Shanxin Pavilion, etc. Covering an area of about 525,000 square meters (including the key protected areas in the temple area), it is another core scenic spot in the tourist area of Bigan Forest Park. Lin Memorial Area is located outside the temple area, on the northeast side of the ecological park, hidden in the dense forest, with an area of 50,000 square meters. Its main function is to commemorate people and things related to forests. The main scenic spots include: Lin Celebrity Pavilion, Lin Family Tree Wall, Liuguoyuan, Lin Celebrity Statue Area, Lin Zongqin Pavilion (American Forest Pavilion, Thailand Forest Pavilion, Indonesian Forest Pavilion, Singapore Forest Pavilion, Guangdong Forest Pavilion, Hainan Forest Pavilion, Fujian Forest Pavilion and Taiwan Province Forest Pavilion). ), and Kutokuhayashi. The overall architectural style of the scenic spot is Ming and Qing Dynasties. The business service area is located in the south of the ecological park, east of Bigan Avenue, with an area of 60,000 square meters. Its main function is to provide high-quality and all-round commercial services for tourists. The main landscape includes ecological parking lot, farmhouse service point (newly built "Guoshenmiao Village"), tea house, Bigan Avenue and surrounding high-efficiency ecological agriculture park. Tourism information 1. Opening hours of scenic spots: 8: 00- 19: 00 in summer and 8:30- 17:30 2 in winter. Pick-up place: scenic spot ticket office 3. Reservation criteria for special people: a. Free policy:1.2m children are free; Servicemen are free with their military officer's cards, and over 70 years old are free. Guests surnamed Lin are free of charge with their ID cards. B. Preferential policies: students buy preferential tickets with their student cards, and elderly people over 60 buy preferential tickets. To sum up, the architectural distribution of Guozi Temple belongs to the complex of temples and tombs, and the existing basic pattern is what it looked like after reconstruction in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty. The temple faces south, and the main buildings are distributed on the north-south central axis. Monument square, Shinto, Bigan Palace statue, screen wall, gate, gate, wooden square, stele gallery, worship hall, main hall, attached hall, stone square and tombstone are basically well preserved, and the temples are spacious and the buildings are magnificent and quaint, showing the intelligence and artistic creativity of the working people in ancient China. Climb the stone steps at the entrance of Bigan Temple, and look up at the opposite side of the gate. A zhaobi with a height of 6 meters and a width of 10 meters stands tall, which was built during Hongzhi period in Ming Dynasty. Its design is neither carving dragons and painting phoenixes, nor the sun, the moon and the water. The center of the front and back are peony patterns made of 24 high-relief green glazed tiles. The flower root grows in a vase, which means that the descendants of the Lins are prosperous and the tribes are of the same origin. In the center of the wall of Bigan Temple Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition Hall, there is a group of "heartless plates" composed of 24 high-relief green glazed tiles. The wall facing north is a mountain gate, simple and elegant, with the word "Yin Taishi Hall" written on its forehead. Stepping into the gate, there are two Cooper trees on both sides of the corridor. One is: Zhong Bai; One day: Xiao Bai. The four seasons of filial piety are evergreen, symbolizing loyalty to death and filial piety to future generations. On the lintel of the second door, there is an inscription "I am extremely strict in admonition", and there is a pair of stone couplets on the left and right: "It is difficult for the Lord to remonstrate morally. When this relative rebelled, he wanted to be a child, and Ji Zi slaves could not inspire hundreds of millions of people to be loyal; My heart is immortal, and it is this blood that splashes my soul, and the week is prosperous and the day is declining, protesting against the main spirit. " Striking into the second door, there are many stone tablets in the stone corridors on both sides of the aisle. Now, most of these 86 stone tablets are written by wise men, local officials and literati. Emperors and literati of all ages have come here to pay their respects and erect monuments to commemorate them, which has become a precious cultural treasure house. Walking in it makes people feel nostalgic. According to historical data and Lin's genealogy records, Bigan Temple and its tomb were valued and protected by emperors in past dynasties, mainly including sealing the country, building the temple by Emperor Xiaowen, sealing his death by Emperor Taizong, setting up a monument to Bigan, clearing poems, and rebuilding the main hall of Bigan Temple by Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty. They called Bigan "three generations of solitary loyalty", "eternal loyalty" and "eternal loyalty". Among them, Wei Xiaowen's Hanging Yin Bi Gan Wen, written by Cui Hao, the top ten famous calligraphers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, is a treasure of Wei Bei, which is as famous as the twenty products in Longmen, Luoyang, and its calligraphy value is extremely high, which is recognized as a masterpiece in the history of art; Tang Taizong's "Pen Writing" is as high as Zhang Er, vigorous and powerful, and magnificent; Emperor Qianlong's imperial poem tablet is fresh and elegant; In the Ming Dynasty, the cursive poem Stone Carving on the Wall was used smartly, just like a dragon and snake. Liu Xilong's calligraphy "Three Generations of Solitary Loyalty" in the Qing Dynasty is one and a half feet in diameter and vigorous. There are also Li Bai, Wang Wei, Meng Jiao, Tao Qian and Shao Yong. , leaving the eternal quatrains of praise and integrity. It is not difficult to see how the engraver wields the sword, which is worthy of being a rare treasure with high artistic value. In Bigan Temple, there is a stone tablet named Lin, which was written by Pei Qian in Weihui House, Henan Province in the 17th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1538). The inscription is nearly a thousand words, which is legible. It is the only stone relic in China that traces the life of Lin. The inscription reads: "Fu Bigan is a relative of the Prince, and Shao Shi was reinstated, lamenting the chaotic law of sinking and swinging, which hurt the city. "Therefore, I have to say that death is inappropriate ..." The historical materials described in the inscription are informative, vivid and touching, and it is indeed a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. Walking along the tunnel in the center of the temple is the courtyard of the main hall of Bigan Temple. The main building has a main hall, a worship hall and two annex halls. The main hall is five rooms wide and three rooms deep, with nine ridges resting on the top of the mountain and hidden in the shade. There is a towering hall of worship in front of the Hall of Daxiong, which reads "Yin Taishi Hall Daxiong Hall". The main hall is made of pure wood, and no nail is needed. Whether it is a beam frame or a bucket arch, it is carved and kissed, which restricts each other. It looks beautiful, magnificent, simple and elegant. There is a statue of Bi Gan in the Hall of Ursa Major, which is solemn and lifelike. Among them, there are three statues in the East Attached Hall. They are descendants of Bi Gan, with forests in the middle. He is Beagan's son. The Lins are divided into two branches according to their geographical location. Lin on the right is the 24th grandson of Bi Gan, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancestor of Lin in Gwangju, Henan Province, and one of the 72 disciples of Confucius. In the picture on the left, Lin, the people of the dynasty, and today's Lin surname in Southeast Asia all respect Lin as their ancestor. Xipeidian is dedicated to the 22nd Sun Mazu statue of Lin. It is said that when she was born, the room was full of purple light and the fragrance was overflowing. At the end of the month, I didn't smell crying, so I was named "Moline" and honored as "Mo Niang". She is a beautiful, kind, hardworking, brave and knowledgeable fisherman woman. She has been eager to learn since she was a child. At the age of 9, she began to study Taoism, Buddhism and Islam. As a teenager, she was able to predict the ocean weather and fight against the wind and waves. She often guides fishermen at sea, saves them from danger and does many good deeds. She inspires people to conquer nature and fight evil, and has a high prestige in the hearts of fishermen. In the fourth year of Song Taizong's reign (AD 987), on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, she was killed at the age of 28 for giving her life to save others. After her death, people built a temple to worship her, respected her as a sea god, and affectionately called her "aunt" and "Mazu grandmother". Emperors of all dynasties have titles, a total of 40 times, and the last time she was named "Virgin" by Qianlong. There are more than 65,438+0,500 Mazu Tempel in the world, with more than 65,438+0 billion followers. 70% people in Taiwan Province Province of China believe in Mazu, and many Taiwan Province compatriots hold a "remote worship" to Maureen's hometown every year. 1992 10, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China issued a set of Mazu special stamps, which made this heroic China heroine board the "national business card". The tomb of Bi Gan, surnamed Lin, passes through the main hall, and there is the Sun and Moon Square in front of the tomb, which was built in Jiaqing period of Ming Dynasty. It reads six characters "The Tomb of the Yin Taishi Bigen", and there is an eye-catching stone carving on the top ridge, which means "loyalty shows the sun and the moon, and heroism lasts forever". Although the couplets on the stone workshop have been weathered and eroded, they can still be read: "Lonely loyalty never dies, so the social cypress still exists." This means that Beagan's loyalty to Zhou Wang is as eternal as cypress. The sun is in the east and the moon is in the west, representing the spirit of Bigan, shining with the sun and the moon, being with heaven and earth, and the heart in the middle represents Bigan's loyalty. Passing through Dan Xin Square, there is a tombstone pavilion with a cornice. There is a heart-shaped tablet in the pavilion, engraved with "Yin Pen Dries Ink" and inscribed with "Xuan Sheng Zhen Pen", which was written by Emperor Qianlong. This is a stone tablet engraved with Confucius' sword. According to legend, when Confucius traveled around the world, he came to Bigan Temple. He worships Bigan very much, draws his sword with soil as the soil, and deliberately omits the word "soil" under the word "tomb", implying that Bigan is the son of the earth. Later, an uneducated county magistrate thought that Confucius had made a mistake and ordered his men to carve a mound under the word "Mo". Unexpectedly, this act of gilding the lily caused a bolt from the blue, and the word "earth" was blown up with a thunder, and there are still thunder marks on the monument. This is just a myth fabricated by people out of reverence for comparison and Confucius. In fact, the words tomb and mo were common in the Spring and Autumn Period. Some people doubt the authenticity of this monument, because in Confucius' time, most of the characters were seal script (that is, big seal script), but these four characters were thick and hard, with concise momentum. However, the evolution of characters should not be absolutely ordered, and it is a book and a sword, which can only be simplified. Therefore, the sword-carved book "Yin Bi Gan Mo" should be a masterpiece of Confucius' legacy. According to expert appraisal, this is the only original Confucius found in China at present, so it is called "the first monument in the world". Confucius' sword carved Happy cypress stepped out of the tombstone pavilion, and his face was suddenly enlightened. Under the empty sky, it is a tomb taller than Prime Minister Gan. It lies in the lush pine trees, bathed in the sun and the moon. The tomb is surrounded by bluestone, and the top of the tomb is raised, with a height of 20 meters and an area of 20 mu. There are paths around the grave. The ancient cypresses around the tomb are dense and the branches are old, showing the charm and pride of the Millennium ancient cypresses. Surprisingly, the cypress tree didn't have a top, and some branches cracked. According to legend, the crowns of these ancient cypresses naturally formed flat tops without pruning. According to legend, after Bigan's death, these trees lamented Bigan's death, and all the tops of the trees died, as if taking off their hats to show their respect for the saints, and were later called "flat-topped cypresses" by the world. Speaking of the "happy cypress" in front of the main hall, it cracked from the root to the top of each branch, showing a "heart" shape in the middle. According to legend, Baimu has feelings for Bigan. In order to save Bigan, he will take out his heart and let Bigan return to the world to continue to uphold justice. But unfortunately, the tree is heartless, and Bigan can't be resurrected, but Happy cypress remains in the world and becomes one of the wonders of Bigan Temple. Bigan's spiritual feelings are earth-shaking, and even the vegetation is emotional. These cypresses are the essence of the sun and the moon, and the meaning of heaven and earth is really rare in China. How can they not be awed? Kaixinbai characteristic temple faces south, and the main buildings are distributed on the north-south central axis. The hall of worship is located in front of and near the hall of worship. The whole building is relatively well preserved, with majestic temples and buildings, which shows the intelligence and artistic creativity of the working people in ancient China. Bigan Temple Tombstone Cemetery is the first mound tomb recorded in China. The cemetery is round, like a heart, which represents the heart of Dan and presents the meaning of the universe. There is a stone archway in front of the tomb, the sun and the moon are carved with stones on the left and right, and there is a heart-shaped stone carving in the middle. Its moral is to serve the country faithfully, not the country, "the sun and the moon illuminate the heart." The first monument in the world is between the cemetery and the Sun Moon Lake Monument. There is a pavilion, in which stands a tombstone engraved with the four characters "Yin pen and dry ink", which is said to have been carved by Confucius with his sword, and is regarded as "the first monument in the world" by the world. In addition to being "the first monument in the world", Bigan Temple has also preserved a large number of stone inscriptions, and the value of calligraphy is unparalleled. For example, the Tombstone by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Tombstone by Emperor Taizong, and the Monument to the Tombstone of the Taishi's Tomb are all rich treasures of ancient Chinese calligraphy art. At the same time, it also provides good conditions for the development of cultural tourism. geographical position