An important representative in the history of China's philosophy: Mozi?

Also known as the "three laws". Mozi put forward three criteria for "speaking" or judging whether a sentence is right or wrong in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Mozi &; Middot is doomed: "There must be three statements in words." The three tables are: "those who have a foundation, those who are original and those who are useful." That is, "the matter that originated from the ancient and holy king" should be based on historical experience; "Observing the truth of people's eyes and ears" should be based on people's direct experience; "Abolish (develop) criminal politics and look at the interests of the country and the people", but also put it into political practice to see if it is in line with the interests of the country and the people. It shows that Mozi's naive empiricism is the epistemological basis of Mohist logic theory.

Ten things of Mohism (background knowledge, for understanding only)

Mozi &; Middot Ruben: "If the country is chaotic, the language is Shang Xian and Shang Tong; If the country is poor, the language will be used sparingly and buried sparingly; If the country is full of sounds, then language is unhappy and fatal; If the country is immoral and rude, then language respects heaven and ghosts; If a country seizes aggression, it will love and not attack. "

Dedicate to fraternity

The core of Mozi's thought is that everyone in the world should love and benefit each other. Mozi thought: "Where there are disasters and grievances in the world, those who start things are out of love." ("Quan Yi Love") put forward "the law of mutual love and mutual benefit". So as to achieve "the people to secure their country, if to secure their country;" Treat others' homes as their own; It depends on this person's body, if you look at his body. " And the combination of love and mutual benefit, that is, love is good for others. "Love, people will love it; Those who benefit others benefit. " He advocates "harmony but difference" and "love but unity" and opposes the Confucian thought of kissing. He also believes that "the world loves each other, the countries do not attack each other, the family is not chaotic, the thief is not there, and the monarch, the minister and the father can be filial." If this is the rule of the world. "It reflects the good wishes of small producers to achieve social peace under the ravages of war at that time.

harmless

Mozi language in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "Non-aggression" is the most concentrated and prominent specific requirement of Mohism's "universal love" thought. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "the princes loved their country, but not their country, so they attacked their country to benefit their country", and the world was in chaos. Mozi put forward the idea of "non-attack" and opposed the behavior of vassal States attacking "innocent countries" by force, invading cities, plundering land and killing all peoples. He thinks this kind of war is the greatest injustice. Mozi is not unconditionally opposed to all wars. His "non-attack" is only aimed at the war of aggression, such as "Tang attacked the profits and attacked Zhou" He believes that attacking innocence is not "attacking" but "punishing" confession. The essence of "not attacking" is "not fighting".

Shang Xian

Mozi language in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "Shang" means "advocating" and "xian" means talent. Mozi believes that the matter of being virtuous can be "the foundation of politics" and that "those who are virtuous in the state must be good at governing the country; If there are few sages, the country will rule thin "("Mozi &; Middot on Shang Xian”)。 For people with virtue, we should "list them with virtue, serve them with officials, reward them with merit, and divide them with merit" and give full play to their role in the political power. He also advocated that "officials are impermanent and expensive, and the people have no final foundation." Behave the rules if you have the ability, and treat "workers, peasants and people" equally if you don't have the ability. It is opposite to the Confucian thought of "respecting each other".

Shang Tong

Mozi language in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "Shang" means "advocating" and "Tong" means unity and recognition. It refers to the ideal politics that is the same as the rule of the son of heaven at different levels. Mozi advocated "choosing the sages of the world and making them the sons of heaven" (Mozi &; Middot advocates the establishment of a strict hierarchical ruling order from heaven and the son of heaven to princes, generals and villagers. Under this system, "what is above must be all; Wrong must be wrong ",consistent from top to bottom, you can" accomplish, accomplish, consolidate and finish "("Mozi &; Shang Tong Middot), "Only one person can share the meaning of the world, and it is also governed by the world" ("Mozi &; Middot ditto).

Unnatural/violent death

Mozi language in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Mozi &; Middot is doomed: "The life of the king is violent, and the skill of the poor (described) is also unkind." Mozi opposes to regard people's life experiences such as "the early death of the rich and the poor" as fate, and advocates "doing it with strength". However, we cannot get rid of the traditional concept of ghosts and gods, which is contradictory to fatalism.

Tianzhi

Mozi language in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Mozi &; Middot Tianzhi: "Heaven is precious, and Heaven is knowledge (wisdom)." It is believed that heaven is the supreme master with will and personality, and can reward good and punish evil. "Those who obey God's will, love each other and benefit from each other will be rewarded; Those who violate God's will, don't do evil, and being a thief will be rewarded. " He also believes that the ambition of heaven is the standard to measure human behavior. "I have the ambition of heaven. If people have rules, craftsmen have moments." The lathe worker abides by his rules to realize the Fiona Fang of the world. He said, "The winner is right and the loser is wrong." Mozi, who used the will of heaven as a tool, preached the idea of universal love, and warned the ruler that the benevolent is the holy king and opposed the evil of others and thieves, which was different from the view of destiny since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties.

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