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The sixth sense is just a trick of the brain.

Human beings turn to "supernatural phenomena" after encountering abnormal experiences such as coincidence, ghost collision and out-of-body experience, which cannot be explained.

The so-called "supernatural phenomenon" has long been scientifically explained. People who are superstitious about the sixth sense may have too much dopamine or abnormal brains.

Telepathy and telepathy are irrational manifestations, which make people mistakenly think that there is a causal relationship between things that have happened successively.

At some point in your life, you may feel something watching you: maybe you are shopping in the market, maybe you are walking on the sidewalk, maybe you are taking a bus, and you turn your head to look at it as if you feel a pair of eyes. At this moment, you have had an abnormal experience. There are many abnormal experiences, such as feeling a strange vibration in the room, which makes your soul out of body. This is the "sixth sense", which is usually associated with soul, luck, witchcraft, aliens, special functions, and life energy ... These explanations seem to be in line with your intuition and make you happy to accept them. Some metaphysical people think that this is a phenomenon that science cannot explain, and even claim to "cultivate your sixth sense".

In fact, all kinds of sixth senses are manifestations of people's physiological and psychological problems. Through a large number of investigations in neuroscience and psychology, scientists' rational understanding of the sixth sense is getting richer and richer. Matthew Hutson, an American popular science writer, reminds those who believe in supernatural phenomena such as telepathy and ghosts: Have you ever thought that you are actually fooled by your own brain tricks?

Abnormal experience: no supernatural explanation is needed.

A man's house was hit by six meteorites. He told reporters, "Obviously, I have become the target of aliens."

Through conscious thinking, we organize all the experiences and ideas we feel into a coherent and organized story, so that the life we feel is no longer a series of irrelevant things. However, sometimes, we will experience some unreasonable things, even things that are contradictory and "impossible" to our scientific knowledge. In order to integrate these phenomena, we often turn to unconfirmed claims and begin to believe in supernatural things.

Many people often describe abnormal experiences as mysterious phenomena that science cannot explain. In fact, scientists are not without answers-at present, some studies believe that abnormal experiences may be related to environmental stress, personal diseases and cognitive defects.

The most common abnormal experience is that you feel watched by something alive. When you see someone staring at you, your emotions will be aroused and you will feel excited, comfortable or creepy. These heartfelt feelings make you feel that the other person's eyes convey some energy. If you look at who is staring at you, this behavior will attract others' attention and further strengthen your suspicion.

Another common experience is to see someone or something that seems familiar, but it's actually only the first time. The study found that two out of every three people had this experience. Most people don't take it seriously, but some people believe that deja vu is a review of past lives. Some researchers have proposed two explanations: 1. This is a kind of special familiarity that appears without memory; 2. There is a delay in the brain's thinking, which makes an idea experience twice and makes the second experience have a strange sense of repetition.

Coincidence experience: meaningful and regular?

Alex and Donna were looking through each other's family photo albums a few days before the wedding. They were noticed by a photo: Donna, 5, took a photo with the dwarf in Disney Park. Behind her was a man pushing a stroller-he was Alex's father, and the child in the stroller was Alex! Alex's family immigrated from Canada to the United States, and the two children didn't know each other until 15. Alex said to his fiancee, "I'm shocked. This can't be a coincidence. It is fate! " "

In fact, almost everyone will be surprised by coincidence. For example, when we hear a word twice an hour and meet someone in Amanome, we will say, "What a coincidence!" The human brain developed a cognitive ability long ago: looking for patterns. This ability allows us to understand sensory information to some extent. For example, when we see an object with four legs, we can understand it as a table. Besides, we can predict the laws of the world. For example, if an apple falls, it will always fall to the ground instead of flying into the sky.

Searching for laws is very important for human survival, so we are always looking for laws everywhere. Over time, just like obsessive-compulsive disorder. Even if there is no regular random data, we should find out the meaning: seeing people's faces in the clouds and hearing "information" in reverse recording.

When we encounter unexpected situations, we need an explanation more. People's favorite explanation is the so-called "spiritual body". The spirit body can be a person, a god or even a robot with super intelligence. In times of danger, we will treat simple things as spiritual bodies, so as to find out their clues and prevent problems before they happen-it is much safer to mistake branches for snakes than snakes for branches.

Sometimes, we are unconsciously looking for rules, and our intuition and sixth sense are like this: suddenly we feel that our partner is lying to ourselves, that the battlefield is very dangerous, and that our friend is pregnant. This feeling of epiphany makes some people think that they have telepathic "special functions".

Peter brug, chief neurologist at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland, found that the people who are most likely to believe and experience psychic premonition and psychic initiation are those who are easy to find the laws of things-they tend to regard letter strings as words, put together pictures as adult faces, and connect two unrelated words with the third word.

Near-death experience: brain injury and insanity

On February 1 2000, Pam Barrett, an American politician, had a severe allergic reaction to anesthetics during dental surgery, and her throat was swollen and she could not breathe. She sat up and told the dentist that she was dying. She felt out-of-body experience and saw her body from top to bottom. The dentist gave her cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and then she was taken to the hospital by an ambulance. When she was rescued in the hospital, she experienced another near-death experience, and finally felt that God had punched her in the chest and let her take a new path, and then she came back to life. The next day, Barrett announced his retirement from politics.

6%~ 12% of patients with myocardial infarction reported near-death experience, which mostly occurred after trauma, fear and medication, and some people could experience it painlessly. Studies on the brain have found that the near-death experience may be caused by brain hypoxia, oxygen excess, carbon dioxide excess and glutamate receptor blockage. Other neuroscientists estimate that the near-death experience is related to the abnormality of the brain awakening system.

The classic near-death experiences are: you are crossing a dark tunnel and hear the sound of "buzzing" or "ding-ding"; You see yourself leaving your body; You meet the soul of the person you love; The past life flashed before your eyes. Many people regard these experiences as evidence of life after death, but Susan Blackmar, a British psychologist, uses physiology to explain that tunnels and light are the result of hypoxia in the visual cortex. Abnormal activity of temporal lobe can cause flashback of memory; People who are in a state of clinical death claim to have seen what happened around them, which may be false memories or fantasies processed according to what others said afterwards.

5%~20% of healthy people have had a special near-death experience-soul out-of-body experience, which is called "soul out-of-body experience". Scientists believe that the out-of-body experience is caused by the injury and stimulation of the "temporoparietal junction" of the brain, which is responsible for integrating the sense of spatial position such as touch, balance and posture. The research of Birmingham University shows that the excitement limit of the cerebral cortex of the ex-vivo experiencer is high, and this feeling will appear repeatedly after the excitement disturbs the understanding of the feeling.

Psychic experience: hitting a ghost is just a feeling.

1In March, 994, Stephen Young was tried in England and accused of killing two victims in a cruel way. After a night of deliberation, the jury found Stephen guilty. That night, four members of the jury were playing divination board in the hotel, which is a psychic game similar to "Disc Fairy". During divination, the ghost of the victim Nicholas Fuller appeared and said that Stephen had killed him. You should convict Stephen. One juror recalled that she began to cry and others felt uneasy. The judge asked for a retrial after learning about it. Stephen's final conviction was based on the testimony of witnesses, not the "apparition" of ghosts.

Gallup poll shows that 32% of Americans claim that the dead will return to the soul, 37% believe in haunted houses, and 16% are skeptical about these things. There are also many goddesses, fortune tellers and even individual psychological counselors in China who believe in channeling and claim to have psychic experiences.

Most people's ghost stories are not wonderful, mostly because they have swept something out of their eyes or heard strange sounds in the middle of the night-this can be explained by airflow disturbance, lighting illusion and pet movement. When you believe in ghosts in the world and expect to see or hear something, your brain is prone to hallucinations, especially when you are tired and afraid.

The scariest experience of hitting a ghost is feeling that the spirit is beside you. In fact, this may be an out-of-body experience, which makes you feel that there are two bodies. Some scientists have suggested that it is an evolutionary instinct to feel the existence of others, which makes us wary of intruders and spies. You can try sitting next to others and then close your eyes to experience it. When we hallucinate in this feeling, we "hit a ghost". In cold, hunger, fatigue, loneliness, fear, altitude sickness and other situations, this sense of existence will come to mind. For example, climbers often have ghost hallucinations. Ernest shackleton, a British polar explorer, described his 36-hour trip to the South Pole like this: "I seem to feel that the team is not three people, but four people." His teammates also have a strange feeling similar to one more person.

The pain of bereavement also makes people feel haunted. The resurrection of relatives usually takes place on the first anniversary after death. The widow may have seen or heard something and felt that the intimacy of her lover had reappeared. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, a Swiss-born psychiatrist who put forward the theory of five stages of death, opened a psychic service in San Diego, USA. A godhead who claimed to have psychic ability pretended to have sex with a widow after turning off the lights. One victim later said, "I need to believe."

Neurotic and extroverted people are most likely to feel psychic, which has a lot to do with their anxiety and the need to communicate with others. Epilepsy patients' psychic experience is more abundant, because their temporal lobe is easily excited and has a sense of spiritual existence-some scientists have successfully induced this sense of existence by placing magnets near the temporal lobe of the brain, and further speculated that the earth's magnetic field may make some people "bump into ghosts".

Supernatural experience: the brain is full of dopamine.

American killer mark david chapman was fascinated by the novel The Catcher in the Rye. He compared the life of the protagonist holden Caulfield in new york with his own life experience and found 50 connections. 1980, 1980 On the evening of February 8, 1980, he covered his pistol with The Catcher in the Rye and fired five shots at John Lennon, a member of the Beatles, causing a generation of rock music superstars to fall. Chapman said in a statement from prison: "All my efforts are for this goal, because this unusual book has many unusual answers."

Chapman may suffer from schizophrenia, which is characterized by excessive neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine can make people find meaningful connections between things and become creative, because creation needs to connect seemingly unrelated ideas. However, looking for a rule and looking too far will make people think and even lose their minds.

It is found that people who believe in supernatural phenomena often believe in conspiracy theories, and are paranoid, always on guard against being blindsided. They don't trust others, feel that fate is involuntary, and it is easy to blame others or fate for their problems. People who trust their intuition think too much. They always feel that others are talking about themselves, and the change of traffic lights has special significance. When they see "supernatural phenomena" such as flying saucers and ghosts, they are more likely to believe them.

Hutson pointed out that people who like to believe in supernatural phenomena have three common characteristics: 1. They are easily fascinated, and people who are addicted to novels and fantasies often regard imagination as reality; 2. Do what you want to do, and impulsive people rarely reflect on whether their ideas are realistic; It is easy for people to accept false memories and describe their experiences as supernatural events.

It is easy to believe in supernatural phenomena after childhood trauma or negative events. Harvey Owen, an associate professor of psychology in university of new england, Australia, believes that lack of control in childhood will make people need to dominate everything. It is found that people who lack a sense of control tend to see meaningful images from meaningless patterns, superstition, and easy to explain coincidence with conspiracy theories.

Chris French, director of the research department of abnormal psychology at the University of London in the United Kingdom, believes that people who believe in supernatural phenomena tend to have weak psychological barriers, including depression, mania and schizophrenia, but this does not mean that people who believe in telepathy and ghosts are crazy.

Spiritual Experience: Selective Attention and False Causality

196610 On the morning of June 2 1, the mud dug out of a coal mine in Aberdeen, Wales, was drenched by heavy rain, which suddenly formed a mudslide and attacked a school and several buildings, killing 28 adults and 1 16 children. A survey found that at least 24 local residents had premonitions before the disaster, including dreams of avalanches, children and the name "Albertvan". The most incredible thing is that the parents of a girl who died reported that the day before the accident, her daughter had a dream: "I dreamed of going to school, but I didn't see it." Some black things rushed down and covered the whole school! "

According to an American survey, two-thirds of people believe or doubt extrasensory perception, including three kinds of "human special functions": premonition, remote viewing and telepathy. In fact, scientists have long figured out the psychological mechanism behind the so-called "special function". Selective attention is one of them: you often miss your friends and friends often call you. When your thoughts coincide with their calls, you notice this coincidence, but they don't happen at the same time, but they just don't attract your attention. The same is true of Albertvan's "paranormal". Investigators only collect seemingly correct "premonitions" and ignore most irrelevant situations.

Mind actuation, that is, the mind has a direct effect on matter, also depends on coincidence. The "law of attraction" advocated by the world bestseller Secret holds that the result you want in your heart will be attracted to you, so you get what you want. Rhonda byrne, the author of the book, claimed that because "all her wishes have come true", her eye disease was cured and she lost weight.

After "thinking", "things are done". Is "thinking" the reason for "doing things"? Emily Pronin, a psychologist at Princeton University in the United States, and other studies have found that even famous students will make this causal mistake, thinking that sticking needles in puppet dolls will give others a headache. In life, we often think that A happened before B. If there is no other obvious reason, A and B are similar in concept, naturally we will think that A leads to B, and sometimes A can be just an idea. However, the successive occurrence of A and B is not necessarily causal, or it may be completely unrelated.