After reading this passage, I want to say to Zhang Ze Duan

Zhang Zeduan (1085-5), born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), was a painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty. He has been eager to learn since he was a child. In his early years, he studied in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and then studied painting. Song Huizong works in Hanlin Painting Academy and is good at painting palaces, especially ships, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. After that, he lost his home and made a living by painting, and he wrote "West Lake Auction Map" and "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival". He was an outstanding realistic painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Most of his works have been lost. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival and the Bid Winning Scene at Jinming Pool are ancient art treasures in China. These two works are in the Palace Museum. In addition, there is a small "West Lake Auction Map" signed by Zhang Zeduan in Tianjin Art Museum, which is a fake. The work has now been transferred to Tianjin Museum. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival still exists, which is the best example of Tokyo's dream of China, the sacred relics and the border capitals, and is of great historical value. It not only inherits and develops the long-lost China ancient genre painting, but also inherits the fine tradition of historical genre painting in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is dedicated to Song Huizong and has been circulated for more than 800 years. Its theme is mainly to describe the living conditions of residents in Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the bustling scene of shops and people on the Bianhe River, and to describe the busy scene of oil tankers carrying grain, rice and goods from the southeast passing through the bridges and culverts on the Bianhe River. The work is magnificent, with a length of 528.7 cm and a width of 24.8 cm. There are 587 people with different identities, all of whom have both form and spirit. There are 13 kinds of animals and 9 kinds of plants, all of which are lifelike. There are 56 livestock, more than 20 cars and more than 20 ships of different sizes. This masterpiece of realism is a precious historical material for studying the economic and social life of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. "The Auction Map of Jinming Pool" depicts a lively scene in which the emperor led the near ministers to Jinming Pool to watch the water fight and dragon boat race. The picture is 28.6 cm long and 28.5 cm wide, slightly square. A small picture depicts all the scenery around the pool surface and edge for more than 9 miles. This paper focuses on the dragon boat in the pool and the ships around it, and outlines the whole picture of Jinming pool and the scene of the emperor watching the target. The picture is compact, the structure is rigorous and the theme is prominent.

The long genre painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a rare treasure in the history of painting in China. With realistic techniques and panoramic composition, it vividly and meticulously depicts the bustling scenes and rich social customs and habits of Kaifeng and Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The whole picture is large in scale, tight in structure and orderly in composition. Its pen and ink skills, combined with writing style, are vivid and concise, and the characters are vivid and vivid. The shapes of livestock, houses, ships, battlements, bridges, trees and rivers are all wonderful and can be called a must. Summarizing China's ancient paintings, many scholars are narcissistic. It's really hard to find a picture that depicts the common life and commercial and economic activities of hundreds of people with a lot of pen and ink, and puts people in the master's position to make a correct artistic summary, like The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. This is rare in China's ancient paintings and even in modern paintings. The first recipient of this painting was Song Huizong, who wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in fine gold.

[Edit this paragraph] Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival 1 Introduction (partial)

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a silk book with pale ink and wash, with a length of 24.8 cm and a width of 528.7 cm. It is the Qingming Riverside Map of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (figure 1). At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll collected by the Palace Museum. According to an inscription by Zhang Zhu of Jin Dynasty in the postscript after the picture, the author is confirmed to be Zhang Zeduan. Zhang Zhu's inscription has only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong)." When I was young, I studied in Beijing, and later I learned to draw. I am a painter, and I like boats, cars, bridges and Guo Jing very much, so I have no family. "However, in the book Xuan He Hua Pu written at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's name could not be found. Some people speculate that it may be that he entered the painting academy late and the editor had no time to compile it into the book.

This picture scroll is a part of the capital city chosen by the artist, and it is described in detail, just like a slice in a live video. From the vegetable garden in the outer city to the most prosperous area in the inner city, visitors can enjoy themselves. Now, whenever a volume of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is exhibited to the public in the Palace Museum, the front of the showcase is always crowded with spectators, who walk slowly in line and watch with interest, constantly exclaiming in their mouths. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival attracts the audience's artistic charm, which is not only magnificent and superb in realistic skills, but also excellent in detail description.

Zhang Zeduan and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

Zhang Zeduan was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng). He studied in Bianjing in his early years, then studied painting, and worked in Hanlin Painting Academy during the reign of Song Huizong Evonne (11-1124). The technique of drawing lines with boundary pens and rulers in Chinese painting is used to express themes such as palaces, towers and houses, and is especially good at drawing boats, cars, bridges, streets and battlements. His paintings are unique and unique. Most of Zhang Zeduan's paintings are scattered, and only The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is well preserved.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers passing through the city and four land routes. It is a national land and water transportation center, and its commercial development ranks first in the country. At that time, its population exceeded 1 10,000. There are many busy streets in Bianjing City, and there are all kinds of shops on the streets, even at night. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. In order to show the prosperity of Beijing, Zhang Zeduan chose the scene of Qingming, an important festival, and gave 59 performances. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival focuses on the busy land and water traffic in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure painting was dominated by religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan worked in Hanlin Painting Academy, his works were all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush to the life of all social classes and created social genre paintings describing urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts a large number of various figures (parts). Moreover, the movements and expressions of each character in Zhang Zeduan are vivid. This fully shows that Zhang Zeduan's life is very rich and his creative skills are very skillful.

In the history of painting, there are many paintings called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts have studied this subject, everyone basically agrees that this painting of the Palace Museum is an original of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name were later copied or imitated by Zhang Zeduan.

At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll collected by the Palace Museum. According to an inscription by Zhang Zhu of Jin Dynasty in the postscript after the picture, the author is confirmed to be Zhang Zeduan. Zhang Zhu's inscription has only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong). I studied in Beijing when I was young, and later I learned to draw things. I am a painter, and I am particularly interested in boats and bridges. I have no family. " However, there is no Zhang Zeduan's name in the book Xuan He Hua Pu written at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Some people speculate that it may be that he entered the painting academy late and the editor had no time to compile it into the book.

Brief Introduction of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

China is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation. The genre paintings of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a width of 24.8 cm (24.8 cm) and a length of 528.7 cm (528 cm), are the only representative works of Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, and belong to the first-class national treasure. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly records the life of China12nd century cities, which is unique in the painting history of China and even the world.

In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture scroll. This painting is mainly divided into two parts, one is the countryside and the other is the collection. There are 865,438+04 people, more than 60 livestock, 28 ships, more than 30 buildings, 20 cars, 8 sedan chairs and more than 65,438+070 trees in the painting. They wear different clothes, look different and lifelike, and various activities are interspersed among them. They pay attention to the plot, have dense composition, are full of rhythm and rhythm changes, and have good brushwork.

This painting depicts the prosperity of Bianjing in the Qingming period, which is a witness of Bianjing's prosperity in that year and a portrayal of the economic situation in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through this painting, we learned about the city appearance of the Northern Song Dynasty and the life of all classes at that time. In a word, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is of great historical value.

The center of the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival consists of a rainbow-shaped bridge and the street surface of Qiaotou Street. At first glance, crowded and chaotic; A closer look shows that these people are from different industries and engage in various activities. There are some vendors and many tourists on the west side of the bridge. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the stall. There are teas and fortune tellers. Many tourists lean against the railings by the bridge, or point at them, or watch the ships coming and going in the river. On the sidewalk in the middle of the bridge, there are bustling people; There are people who ride cars, ride horses, carry loads, drive donkeys, transport goods and push unicycles ... The south side of the bridge is connected with the street. On both sides of the street are teahouses, pubs, pawn shops and workshops. There are many vendors with big umbrellas in the open spaces on both sides of the street. The street extends eastward and westward to the quiet suburb outside the city, but there are still pedestrians on the street: some are carrying goods, some are driving ox carts to deliver goods, some are driving donkeys to pull trucks, and some stop to watch the scenery of Bianhe River.

There are many boats coming and going on the Bian River, which can be described as a race in Qian Fan. Some are parked near the dock, and some are driving in the river. Some big ships were overloaded, and the owners hired many trackers to tow them. A big ship carrying goods has passed under the bridge and will soon cross bridge opening. At this time, the boatman on this big ship is very busy. Some people stood at the top of the canopy and put down their sails; Some people are struggling to support the pole by the boat; Some people hold the ceiling of bridge opening with long poles, so that the boat can pass safely with the water. This tense scene attracted the attention of tourists on the bridge and nearby boatmen, who stood by and cheered. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly depicts the busy and tense traffic scene on the Bianhe River, adding more vitality to the painting.

Zhang Zeduan has a high artistic generalization, which makes The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reach a high artistic level. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is unprecedented in its rich content, numerous characters and grand scale. The picture of Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival is dense and orderly, from quiet suburbs to bustling inner streets, which is fascinating everywhere.

Based on Qian's Zhuo? According to the statistics in Volume 8, there are 1659 characters and 209 animals in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is more than the classical novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1 195), Dream of Red Mansions (975) and Water Margin (788).

The whole picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be divided into three sections. When the picture unfolds, the first thing you see is the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtu Bridge and Bianhe River. The second half depicts the street view of Bianjing District. The size of the word is less than 3 cm, as small as a bean. If you look at them carefully, they are both physically and mentally interesting.

According to the textual research on the inscription of Li Dongyang, a Ming Dynasty man, there should be a landscape map of the outer suburbs in front of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is inscribed with Song Huizong's fine gold lettering and Ssangyong's small seal for his collection, but now these have disappeared from the painting. There are two reasons. One possibility is that this picture has been circulated for too long, and the beginning part was broken after being enjoyed by countless people, so it was cut off when later generations mounted it; One possibility is that Song Huizong's inscription and Shuanglong Xiao Zhuan are valuable, and later generations deliberately cut them off and made another painting.

Many experts suspect that the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is missing, because this painting should not come to an abrupt end just after entering Kaifeng City, but should be painted all the way to Jinming Pool. However, more experts believe that the name of this painting is Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which means that Tomb-Sweeping Day goes to the river (what to do is not discussed for the time being), and the willow at the end of the painting is the protagonist of reverie, so the meaning of the name of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be completely interpreted. On the contrary, some experts think that the beginning of the painting is abrupt, as if it had been artificially cut off, because the original painting has an inscription on it at the beginning, and the statement that it was cut off for profit is more credible.

But also included in the primary school language book.

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