Psychocognitive (behavioral) therapy

Rational emotive therapy

ABC therapy

Animal neurosis

Systematic desensitization therapy

1. Rational Emotional Therapy (REBT) Hypothesis-A Basic Hypothesis

2. Our emotions mainly come from the letter about the living conditions.

Evaluation, explanation and reaction. Through the treatment process, visitors can learn

These skills enable them to confirm and debate unreasonable beliefs that I have built and kept by myself.

? A (event) →c (result)

B (including letters)

3. Understanding of emotional disorders

We first learned unreasonable beliefs from important people in childhood.

We are also creating unreasonable dogmas and superstitions ourselves. Then, through the process of self-suggestion and self-repetition, and through self-considered effective behavior, these self-defeating beliefs are actively strengthened.

Case: Girls are worthless.

Emotional disorder is largely our own unreasonable repetition of early indoctrination, not just the repetition of parents that leads to persistent dysfunction and dominates ourselves.

Ellis's point of view: blame is the core of most emotional disorders. So you need to stop blaming yourself and others. It is important to learn to accept your imperfections.

BEBT encourages people to experience natural sadness when they are not accepted; At the same time, try to help people find ways to overcome negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, pain and loss of self-worth.

4. The role of consultants

1. Mirror image: Let visitors see their unreasonable "should" and "must".

Coach: Counselors encourage visitors to participate in activities that can challenge their self-defeating beliefs.

3. Authority: Help visitors change their thinking and give up unreasonable ideas. Help visitors understand the vicious circle of self-blame.

Fortune-telling is to change one's life and fortune.

4. Give people fish: Help visitors to establish a reasonable philosophy of life, so that they can avoid becoming victims of other unreasonable beliefs in the future.

Summary: Cognitive behavioral orientation is a persuasion method that emphasizes education.

1. argue with unreasonable beliefs

Counselors actively debate the unreasonable beliefs of visitors, and

Teach them how to argue, so as to shake their unreasonable beliefs. Visitors should make progress on a specific "must" or "should"

Conduct in-depth analysis until the visitor gives up this unreasonable belief or at least stops insisting.

2. Complete cognitive homework

REBT requires visitors to list their problems, find their absolute beliefs and argue with them.

Step 3 change the language

REBT believes that inaccurate language is an important reason for the distortion of thinking process. Tourists realize that "must" and "should" can completely become wishes. The language pattern of visitors is often helplessness and self-blame.

Responsible for the reaction, so change the language model:

If ... it will be a disaster → if ... it will become a bit troublesome.

Step 4 use humor

REBT believes that because people are too serious, they lose their sense of humor and understanding of life. Humor allows visitors to see what they have always held.

Humor can help tourists relax, because some opinions are absurd.

For example, watch Tik Tok's humorous videos and listen to cross talk.

1, reasonable emotional imagination

Visitors imagine that they think, feel and act in their own way in real life.

Counselors can teach visitors how to imagine the worst thing that can happen, how to feel uneasy about this situation, how to feel some emotions strongly, and then how to turn this experience into digestible negative emotions.

2. Role-playing

Psychological counselors often interrupt visitors, guide them in time to see that what they tell themselves has caused trouble, and let them know how to turn unhealthy emotions into appropriate ones. Visitors can express their feelings in a certain situation through behavior.

Practice overcoming shame

I think we can appropriately reduce our sense of shame and tell ourselves that it's no big deal if someone thinks we are stupid. Through practice, visitors will not feel ashamed even if others clearly disagree. To improve the self-acceptance level of visitors.

Slightly "violate" some social customs or pursue cutting-edge fashion when necessary.

For example, speaking and acting training.

Use coercion and force

Psychological counselors instruct visitors how to have a compulsive conversation with themselves. First of all,

Express your unconfirmed beliefs and then take strong action on them.

Refute. Counselors play anti-role-playing and stick to the self of visitors.

I frustrate philosophy. Then ask the visitors to have a heated debate with the consultant.

Let them give up these abnormal ideas.

Three behavioral skills

1. Behavior technology:

Imitation reinforcement

Relaxation skills

System desensitization

1, the cake sucks

Draw a conclusion without support or relevant basis. Including "catastrophic" or trying to get the worst situation and results in most cases.

Example: Girls are afraid of AIDS.

2. generalize by partiality

Only when we know the details of the incident can we form a conclusion.

In this process, other information is ignored, and the importance of the overall background is also ignored. It contains the assumption that those events related to failure and deprivation are important.

3. Absolutely

Extreme beliefs derived from accidental events are inappropriately applied to different events or situations.

Step 4 exaggerate and shrink

Perceive an event or situation in a sense that is larger or smaller than it actually is.

For example, visitors will assume that any small mistake in blind date may have a devastating effect.

The Tragedy of Hao Han Byrd

Step 5: Personalize

The tendency of individuals to associate some external events with themselves without any basis.

Example: Blame yourself for bad luck.

label

Describe a person and define a person's essence according to his previous mistakes.

Example: Who did Henan people provoke?

7. Extreme thinking

Think and explain in an all-or-nothing way, or classify it by not/yes. Dichotomy thinking is either good or bad.

Three-month-old baby's split mode: good mother/bad mother

First, cognitive logic technology.

1, looking for evidence

① Error logic analysis: People who eat fish are smart.

② Providing information: Lack of information or only wrong information will aggravate the communication between visitors.

Hypothesis test: counselors encourage visitors to write predictions, and then counter the catastrophic predictions of visitors.

Step 2 find a new explanation

① Looking for another explanation: Usually anxious people's closed and limited views on reality make it impossible for them to make a neutral and true explanation of the situation. Cognitive therapy is to teach visitors to think about possibilities and accept uncertainty, rather than to predict directly.

Decentralization: Why did it happen to me? The imaginary hope of tourists

Everyone is paying attention to him, but it's not just looking for someone.

A bunch of gentle eyes. Such as spotlight anxiety (Domingo)

③ Broaden horizons: Visitors' perspectives are usually limited, and consultation is to provide visitors with a broader perspective and look at problems from a long-term perspective.

Like lovelorn.

3. Even if it happens.

(1) Catastrophic: The visitor didn't use all the information he could use when predicting the results that could be filmed, nor did he consider the direct prediction that didn't come true before.

Consultants need to work hard to expand the range of information that visitors use to predict and broaden their perspectives.

Coping plan: Usually visitors are afraid that they can't cope with anxiety. Counselors and visitors negotiate to find out strategies or methods that can be used to deal with anxiety.

Second, imagination technology.

1, induce imagination

The visualization task in behavior correction is outstanding in learning or improving motor skills through fantasy technology. Visitors can reduce their anxiety and change their performance in stressful situations by repeatedly imagining scenes, such as learning to drive and taking important exams.

Step 2 repeat your imagination

When visitors completely repeat a fantasy they have experienced, the content usually changes with each repetition and gets closer to reality. The attitude of adoption also changes with the change of content.

Describe the same thing repeatedly in language, constantly supplement the details and be close to reality.

Step 3 turn off your imagination

This closing technique is particularly effective for visitors attending meetings with traumatic events, such as car accidents.

Train visitors to turn off those independent fantasies by increasing sensory input. Methods to interrupt fantasy include snapping fingers, ringing bells and clapping hands.

Insist on recording activities

Empirical test belief

Soviet dialogue

homework

1. Mindfulness and relaxation

Focus.-now.

Positive number 1, 2.3... 10, counting down 10, 9,81.

2. Anxiety is like a monkey

Inner anxiety is like a monkey swinging in the forest. In order not to let the wandering monkey get lost, we must always watch this monkey and even blend in with it. At this point, anxiety can be slowly calmed down.

1, body and eye focus

Visitors are advised to observe the consultant's furnishings and furniture placement.

Describe the items in detail, such as size, color, material, whether there is dust, etc.

Experience activities

2. Key points of tongue and nose:

Invite tourists to taste snack tea together and describe the taste.

1, accepted

I must be cared for by those who love me;

If others don't love me, I am nothing.

The worst thing in the world is being rejected.

I must be a big shot;

If I'm not the first, I'm a loser.

1, active self-guidance

Change the negative sentence pattern into the positive sentence pattern (subconscious mode).

Don't take out the milk wine > Be careful with the milk.

2. Positive self-goals

Say what you want most, and then pass.

Complete the imprint of the subconscious through ritualized actions.