Li Xun in the Western Han Dynasty: a humanistic Weng in Shu Ren, Lujiang, who founded the "Wen Weng Poetry" school.

Wen Weng was born in Shu County, Lujiang County, Western Han Dynasty. Young, eager to learn, familiar with "Spring and Autumn Annals", was investigated and promoted to county magistrate. In the later period of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, he was appointed as the guardian of Shu County and was influenced by loving and teaching. Wen Weng saw the barbarism and backwardness of Shu folk customs, and planned to enlighten and improve them. So he chose more than a dozen smart and talented county officials, such as Zhang Jian, to personally admonish and encourage them and send them to Beijing and imperial academy to study, and some to study laws and regulations. Reduce the county magistrate's office expenses, buy Shu Dao, Shu Bu and other special products of Shu State, and entrust an examination ambassador to give them to doctors in imperial academy. A few years later, when these young people from Sichuan returned from their studies, Wen Weng put them in important positions and inspected and promoted them in order. Some of them became the secretary of the governor.

Gong Xue (Public School) was also established in Chengdu, where young students from poor counties were recruited as Gong Xue's disciples, exempted from their hard work, and Gong Xue's disciples with high knowledge were used to fill the vacancy of county officials, with a little knowledge of filial piety (the official position in charge of moral education). I often choose some teenagers in the academy to do things around me. Every time I visit every county, I choose some students who are familiar with classics and have good conduct to go with me, so that they can promote enlightenment and enter and leave the government. Officials and people in all counties think it is a great honor to meet them and compete to become disciples of the academy. The rich even pay to become disciples of the college. Therefore, the folk customs of Shu have been greatly educated, and the number of people from Shu who go to Beijing to study is as much as that from Qilu. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, all counties in the country were ordered to set up Gong Xue, which was said to be built in Wen Weng.

Wen Weng died in Shu, and officials and people built an ancestral temple for him, offering sacrifices every year. Bashu region loves elegance, which is the credit of education in Wen Weng.

As a political measure, Wen Weng started with education to change this backward situation. One of his effective measures is to send promising junior officials to study in the capital Xi. In order to solve the expenses of these students (including living expenses and remuneration to teachers), he did not hesitate to reduce administrative expenses. It is probably certain that there was no special education fund at that time, and even if there was, it was not enough. After studying for several years, the students returned to Sichuan and were promoted to senior officials by virtue of their achievements. In this way, sending young people with certain practical experience to Beijing to study and train talents probably started in Wen Weng. Before that, they were recommended officials, and the imperial examination system only existed after the Sui Dynasty.

Wen Weng's second effective measure is to set up "Gong Xue" in Chengdu, strengthen school leadership and recruit more counties.

The apprentice came to study. Not many people came to study at first, and he came to get a lot of incentive policies. First, he gave material preferential treatment, such as exemption from labor. Secondly, we should cultivate and train them in practice and improve their social status. Wen Weng often takes some knowledgeable students with him when he visits counties. He is familiar with political affairs, uploading and issuing orders, and entering and leaving the yamen casually, which has expanded his influence. "The officials and people of all counties and cities are proud of this. For several years, they have strived to be disciples of learning officials. The rich pay for it, so it is big." History books say that "those who study in Shudu are better than Qilu" (Hanshu). Others say that "Sichuan writing is better than Qilu" (etymology). In short, since then, Sichuan's style of writing has flourished.

Historical Position Wen Weng is known as a star in the history of education.

To write the history of education in China, we should write a big book about Wen Weng. In the history of Anhui, there are two celebrities who run education. One is the modern Tao Xingzhi, known as the contemporary Confucius-Tao Fuzi. Soong Ching Ling inscribed the word "model for all generations" and displayed it in the "Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall" in Shexian County. The other is Wen Weng. The difference is that Tao Xingzhi himself is an educator and Wen Weng is a local government-run education. Han Shu introduced six people in Biography of Baiguan, among which Wen Weng ranked first, followed by Wang Cheng, Zhu Yi, Gong Sui and Zhao. Three of the six people are from Anhui, and both Wen and Zhu are from Lujiang, collectively known as Shouxian people. They are all people with great insight and political discourse power in the places ruled by the Western Han Dynasty. The introduction of Wen Weng in Hanshu is relatively brief.

Ban Gu commented in Hanshu: "Bashu is so elegant so far, and Wen Weng is so refined." When Ban Gu finished Hanshu, it was about 200 years since Wen Weng set up a school in Sichuan. Ban Gu's evaluation should not be a compliment. Wen Weng's contribution lies not only in developing Sichuan culture from the perspective of education, but also in formulating a set of effective measures for the "official school" he founded. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the central government had popularized Wen Weng's experience in managing "official learning" and ordered all counties in China to set up academic officials to develop education, which was an important development stage in the history of education in China. Ban Gu listed Wen Weng as records, which shows that Ban Gu attached importance to Wen Weng.

According to Sima Qian's explanation in Historical Records, the so-called "official" means "serving the post according to reason and governing the country, why should it be dignified?" Probably refers to an honest official who is good at managing political affairs. The Historical Records includes Sun Shao, Zi Chan, Gong Yixiu, Shi She, Li Li and others. Since then, there has been a chapter on officials in the list of people who compile historical records. Because Wen Weng's "advocating education and promoting learning" among officials is praised by the world and has become a typical example among officials. In Li Zhe Bridge Pavilion Fu written by Li Ming in the Han Dynasty, it is said, "Wen Weng will be restored in times of peace".

Wen Weng Shishi, founded by Wen Weng, is the first local government-run school in China and even the world. It is the only school in the world that has been running for more than 2,000 years without interruption or relocation. Now it is the predecessor of Chengdu Shishi Middle School.

Historical Records records the biographies of officials in the Han Dynasty.

In the early Han Dynasty, Chengdu, Sichuan was the frontier. When Wen Weng was in charge of Shu, he paid attention to education, sent small officials to Chang 'an to study for doctors, or studied laws and regulations, and returned after graduation to select the best "two official positions to the county magistrate"; Establish a "teacher's office" in Chengdu, and set up a local "official school" to recruit children from all counties. Those who enter the school are exempt from corvee, and those who achieve excellent results are supplemented by county officials to promote the development of local culture. Ban Gu commented in Hanshu: "Bashu is so elegant so far, and Wen Weng is so refined." .

According to "Introduction to Dujiangyan Water Conservancy", during his tenure, Wen Weng led the people to "cross the river for irrigation 1700 hectares" and was the first official to expand the irrigation area of Dujiangyan. Due to the importance attached to the construction of water conservancy and the development of agriculture, there has been a situation of "the world is peaceful and the people are well-off" in Shu County.

Memorial poetry Weng lecture hall

Lu (Tang)

Jinliyan Pavilion and Minshan Xiaji Pavilion. An empty beam has no swallow, but an ancient wall has a painter.

The tree falls and hesitates, and the moss is too deep to distinguish the inscription. Good for two thousand stones, Jianghan shows the spirit.

Wengong hypoglycemic

(Tang)

Duke Wen can't see it, but Shu people can pass it on. Will Gaotai be restored after the lecture? The words on the tablet are extinct and the age is unknown.

Wen Weng's poems

Pei (Tang)

Wen Weng's stone chambers are shaped by instruments, and virtue and virtue have been passed down for a long time. Cooper is still green today, and Gao Min was still young in the past.

People don't want to throw ants, but disciples collect fireflies as they learned before. Sighing that the Tuojiang River is infinite, I only go to Cangshan for the sake of flowing.

Zhou Liyan

(Song)

Holiness is like rain, we teach ourselves. Wen Weng came to Shu County, and Chang rolled in Fujian.

Feet are useless, heads are unique. You join hands and the name is Guanghan Palace.

Genealogy According to genealogy records, Wen Weng is the 15th ancestor of Wen's extended family. The genealogy chart is as follows:

Species (note 1)- Gao-Yuan-Xiao-Jian-Quan-Xian-Cheng-Cai-Rong-Xi-Yong-Award-Wang-Ying-Taste-Dial-Zhi-Yi. Autumn-Angle-Branch-Forest-Cang-Branch-Autumn-True-Jie-Zhuo-Zi-Shi (Note 2)- Huan-Everbright-Yan Chun (Note 3)- Qing-Dream-Bingran-

Note: 1: Species refers to Yue Dafu's literary genre, the ancestor of Wensan.

Note 2: Shi is the ancestor of Wen family in Jiangyou, Jiangxi.

Note 3: Wen Tianxiang's children were lost in the war and have no future.

The main entry to commemorate future generations: Wen Weng's poems

Shishi, Wen Weng ready-made Shishi Middle School. As soon as I entered the gate, I saw a plaque with four characters "Wen Weng Shishi".

According to people concerned, they started the official school in Wen Weng more than 2000 years ago. The campus is spacious and clean. Guo Moruo studied here when he was a teenager. There is a school history showroom and a student union in the backyard of the school. It is Guo Moruo's inscription "seeking truth from facts". The couplets on both sides are: "Love the motherland, love the people, and study for building socialism. Seeking truth and seeking skills is willing to increase the glory of Wen Weng Shishi. " . When Wen Weng was in charge of Sichuan, although Dujiangyan had already been built, agricultural production in the western Sichuan Plain had developed, and a great writer like Sima Xiangru appeared, Sichuan was still a frontier and its culture was underdeveloped. In Hanshu, it is said that "the land is rough and rough".

Wen Weng's hometown Wen Weng Li is located in Wenjiachong, Chunqiu Township (formerly Fengxiangshu Township), Shucheng County. According to the tenth revision of Wen's Genealogy: "Wen Weng's father will move to Shu and live in Que 'an", "Gongzi II: Changming Township; The second name is Fang, the word Weng, also known as Fang. "Weng Zhong was born on October 14th in the 23rd year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (BC 156) and died in October in the 39th year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (BC 10 1 year) at the age of 56." Weng gave birth to three children: Hong Shi, Shi Yun and Shi Lian. "Wenchong is the place where Wen's descendants live. Generations have flourished, and the Miao people have flourished. So far, it has been 77 times. According to local old people's memories, in the early years of the Republic of China, the county magistrate Li Wanji ran amok and smashed the "Wen Weng memorial tablet", and the minister of ethnic culture led a petition to Li, conniving at his subordinates' "insulting sages and being immoral". "Li knew that he was indefensible, so he had it dredged. He rushed to make a" new memorial tablet ",which was red and hurt. He personally sent it to Wen's Ancestral Hall and wrote couplets:

Compared with China, Shu is the ancestor of the former city Saint Weng.

After a hundred years of family comfort, the humanities are still stacked. Which comes first, the old clan?

Only in this way can we calm the indignation of the Wen family and the local people. Up to now, "Wen Weng Temple" exists, and the site of "Wen Weng Village" still exists.

Wen Weng Institute

Wen Weng Research Association was established in 2006, which was registered on the basis of Wen Weng Education Thought Research Association established in 1992. At that time, the venue was located in Shucheng Normal School, and now it has been moved to Gui Huayuan, a Greentown at No.621Huangshan Road, Hefei, to cooperate with the International Zen Painting and Calligraphy Institute.

Wang, legal representative, president of the Research Association;

Vice Presidents: Cao Changshan, Xia Dajian, Ou Rongkun, Lu, Xu Dazhen, Fang Rongrong, Kong, Huang Gengsheng, Wen;

Secretary-General: Gao; Deputy Secretaries-General: Ge Mingfu, Pan, Wang Jiabin, Chang Genbin.

Consultant of Wen Weng Research Association: Xu Dunzhong, former director of education of Shishi Middle School, national special teacher, and senior Wen Weng research expert; He Jinsong, a researcher at China Academy of Social Sciences; Huang Mingdong, Vice President of Wuhan University School of Education Science; Professor Tang Zhongmao of East China Normal University; Yu Jialin, deputy director of Anhui Literature and History Museum (presiding).

Honorary President: Wen, deputy director of Shucheng County People's Congress, outstanding young entrepreneur in Zhejiang Province, cutie, chairman of Anhui Wen Weng Cultural Development Company, Sun Huangshu, member of Hefei Youth Federation Standing Committee, the 75th generation of Wen Weng, Wen Jianbao, executive deputy magistrate of Shouxian County, Anhui Province, and Mr. Zhang Yike, a famous American painter.

Currently, there are 60 executive directors and directors from different fields, regions and industries.