Dongling related facts

In the Republic of China, Dongling was taken away by warlord Sun Dianying. In the 1980s, there was also a movie called The Thief of Dongling, which was about this.

Sun Dianying, the thief of Dongling, robbed the tomb;

Sun Dianying's ugly act of robbing the Qing Dongling on 1928 made this place notorious. As is known to all, the warlord troops carried out wanton excavation of Dongling cultural relics for seven days and seven nights by brutal means, but few people know how Sun Dianying came up with the idea of robbing tombs and some inside information during the excavation.

What's in Qingling Mausoleum?

The Qing Dongling Mausoleum is one of the imperial mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty. There were five imperial tombs in Qing Dynasty, three in Liaoning Province and two in Hebei Province. Dongling is located in Malanyu, Zunhua County, Hebei Province, with Changrui Mountain in the north, Jinxing Mountain in the south, Yangshan Mountain in the east and Huanghua Mountain in the west. Surrounded by mountains and beautiful scenery, it is the mausoleum selected by the emperor shunzhi. The other is Xiling, located in Yixian County, Hebei Province, opposite Dongling. Dongling is about 125 kilometers long from north to south, 20 kilometers wide from east to west, and covers an area of about 2500 square kilometers. Shunzhi Wuling Mausoleum, Kangxi Jingling Mausoleum, Qianlong Yuling Mausoleum, Xianfeng Dingling Mausoleum, Tongzhi Hui Ling, Xiao Zhuang Wenzhao Qianling, Zhang Xiaozhong Xiaodongling Mausoleum, Filial Piety Xian Puxiangyu Ding Dong Mausoleum, Filial Piety Xian Putuo Yuding Dongling Mausoleum (namely Cixi), where 136 concubines are buried. There are 16 1 person buried in Dongling.

The center of Dongling is Xiaoling Mausoleum in Shunzhi. Under the main peak of Changrui Mountain, all other mausoleums are arranged on both sides with Xiaoling Mausoleum as the center. Zhao Qianling, Huiling Mausoleum, Huifeiyuan Bedroom and Princess Mausoleum form a system. Among them, Yuling in Qianlong and Ding Dong Mausoleum in Putuo Valley in Cixi are relatively large. Yuling was built in Qianlong eight years (AD 1743), which took 30 years and cost1802,000 silver.

Cixi's Putuo Valley Dingdong Mausoleum is also extraordinary and unique. In front of Long 'en Temple, there is a single pen stone with the pattern of "phoenix pressing dragon", which is unique among the single pen stones in Qing Dynasty. Lotus flowers are carved around, the branches are tied, and the center is the phoenix spreading its wings and bending its head through the clouds. Under the phoenix, Yi Long bends out of the water and soars upwards. All of them use high relief and through carving, and the composition is exquisite and unique, vividly showing the historical background of Cixi in charge of the Qing regime for half a century.

Why did Sun Dianying rob a tomb?

Sun Dianying, whose name is Kui Yuan. Most people call him Sun Laodian, and because of smallpox on his face, he is also called Sun Mazi. Sunjiazhuang, Yongcheng County, Henan Province. When I was young, I lost my father and my mother doted on me, and I developed a mischievous character from an early age. As a teenager, he started fooling around with local hooligans, frequented casinos and soon became a famous gambler. He is also an opium dealer and the leader of the "Temple Fair Road". 1922, when Wu was in Luoyang, he ordered the arrest of drug dealer Sun Dianying. Unable to gain a foothold in Luoyang, Sun had to flee to Shaanxi to escape. When he was dealing drugs, he met the head of the first mixed regiment of the Yu Army in the western Henan Garrison and the official assistant of the Lilac Ridge Department, so he got an adjutant position in the Garrison, and soon he was promoted to the company commander of the machine gun, and actually became an officer. Later, he took advantage of the opportunity of the direct army in western Henan to go to the front line during the second direct war, led mutinies in Jiaxian, Yuxian and Linru counties, and collected bandits and temple fairs, which was quite influential for a while. /kloc-in the spring of 0/925, Sun Dianying and other gangsters were recruited by Han Yuchun, and Sun was appointed as the brigade commander of the Fifth Huncheng Brigade. Later, he was transferred to Ye Quan, deputy commander of the third army and commander of the second division, as brigade commander and promoted to commander. After meeting with Sun Dianying, Zhang Zongchang, a Shandong military and political chief with a background of bandits, appreciated Sun very much and appointed him as the fifth division commander. Under the wing of Zhang Zongchang, Sun Dianying Department gradually developed into a rogue military group. 1in the spring of 926, Zhang Zongchang and Li joined forces to counterattack the national army. Sun Dianying led his troops to attack Xu Yongchang, the third army of the national army, and made great achievements for Zhang Li. Zhang Zongchang reorganized Sun Bu into the 35th Division of the Zhili-Shandong Allied Forces, and later expanded the establishment, and Sun served as the commander. While the allied forces were losing ground, Sun Dianying, who was good at have it both ways, changed course and took refuge in Xu, then commander of the Sixth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Sun was appointed commander of the Twelfth Army, raising the banner of the right sky.

1928 It was a chaotic year when warlords were fighting, the country was poor and the people were poor. Sun Dianying, a miscellaneous army that did not belong to the Kuomintang regular army, was particularly valued by Chiang Kai-shek, and the expenses of Sun Department were deducted. His officers and men have not been paid for half a year, and their morale is fluctuating, and desertion often occurs. If oversight doesn't allocate food money, I'm afraid there will be more desertions and even the danger of mutiny. The grim situation of the army forced Sun Dianying to fight against the "antidote". Suddenly, an evil idea sprouted in his mind-"going to rob the tomb!" "

Another reason that prompted him to rob the tomb was what he saw and heard about the destruction of Dongling. At that time, the first 12 army of Sun Dianying was stationed in Zunhua county, Hebei province. Since Dongling built its own mausoleum, there has been a mausoleum-guarding organization. There are mausoleum-guarding personnel, flag soldiers, and green camp personnel, as well as Zongren House and does not undertake all the affairs of the mausoleum respectively. However, since 19 14 (the third year of the Republic of China), the area within Dongling Hongdui was placed under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty, and Lingwei declared to the Qing Dynasty that it was allowed to reclaim land for a living in the name of no salary. Since then, the destruction of land and trees in Dongling has gradually escalated. 192 1 year, Cao Rui, the governor of Zhili (now Hebei Province), sent a delegation to seize and confiscate all Tian Fengyi's property in Dongling area and set up a reclamation bureau in the name of investigating and dealing with the owner of Tian Fengyi's shop who bought ling trees. At this point, Dongling completely fell into the hands of Beiyang warlords. In fact, the Bureau of Reclamation and Planting is an organization that openly and illegally cuts down trees in tombs. Dongling mausoleum trees have been illegally cut down many times, and "one tree" and "sea tree" have been illegally cut down. In the past, lush green hills became bare when they arrived at 1928.

What's more, the ground buildings in Dongling were stolen and demolished by warlords and local aborigines. First, the bronze nails, bronze characters and other bronze ornaments in the temple were stolen, and then all the rooms, sill frames and windowsills in the temple were removed. 1927, Hui Fei's tomb was stolen and her jewelry was looted. Huifei's body was abandoned outside the coffin. /kloc-in the winter of 0/927, Yue, commander of the 28th Army, went to Malanyu to recruit bandits, with local Ma Futian as the head. 1June, 928, Ma Futian led the troops from Baoding to Luanxian. Knowing that Malanyu was empty, he led the troops to occupy Malanyu in the middle of the night and changed the flag of the national army. Ma Futian has always been restless, and he has long coveted the treasure of Dongling, but he just didn't have a chance to do it. When Sun Dianying was stationed in Zunhua County, it was common to see a large number of timber of Dongling Temple being demolished along the way, and Sun Dianying felt itchy.

Sun Dianying found Xu, commander-in-chief of the corps directly under his superior, and told him about his difficulties. Xu is also a gambler. Ignoring Sun's complaints, he spread out his hands and said with a sigh, "Commander-in-Chief Jiang is also short of money, and he has to deal with the * * * production party, which costs a lot. I hope that the brothers will focus on sincere unity and endure for a while. "

Sun Dianying passively said something beautiful, such as "understanding the above difficulties", and then gathered to Xu's ear and confidentially told his men that someone suggested digging a grave to raise money. Hearing this, Xu was surprised at first and then calmed down. He also thinks this is a good opportunity to make a fortune, but he also knows the stakes. He didn't say yes or no. Sun Dianying was secretly pleased to see this, but the commander-in-chief did not object. This is the default setting. So he decided to take a chance.

Tomb raiding can't find the entrance.

Sun Dianying called several teachers to discuss, and of course several teachers actively agreed. 1At the beginning of July, 928, the notice of 12 Army suddenly appeared on the wall of Malanyu street intersection, which said that from now on, Dongling will hold military exercises, and civilians are forbidden to enter, and residents in the exercise area are ordered to move out as soon as possible, otherwise they will not be responsible for any accidents. Who dares not to move out when people see the notice? Even the flag bearer guarding the mausoleum left the mausoleum area. Sun Dianying, afraid of revealing secrets, set up guards around the cemetery, forbidding any outsiders to enter, and spread rumors that there were mines around the cemetery. In this way, no one dares to go near Lingqu again. At the same time, Tan Wenjiang, commander of the Eighth Division of Sun Dianying Department of Mashenqiao, led his troops to attack Ma Futian Department of Malanyu. After several hours of fierce fighting, the horses were exhausted and the team broke up.

Later, Tan Wenjiang and brigade commander Han Dabao led the engineering battalion and other departments to dig graves in Dongling. On July 4th, the Dingdong Mausoleum of Putuo Valley in Cixi was first excavated. The engineering barracks dug all over the mausoleum for two days and two nights but failed to find the entrance to the underground palace. Sun Dianying was in a hurry, so he sent someone to find the local land keeper. Di Bao is a small landowner in his forties. When he heard that he was going to be a "staff officer" for stealing the imperial tomb, his face was sallow with fear and his legs trembled. But he couldn't afford to provoke the commander, so he had to say, "The mausoleum is so big, I don't know the specific location of the mausoleum. Let's ask some old flag bearers nearby! " This reminded Sun Dianying that he immediately sent someone to invite five or six old flags. But these old people don't know the entrance to the underground palace. Sun Dianying thought they refused to tell the secret. At first, he was coaxed, and gradually lost patience. He whipped with a whip and branded with a soldering iron. How can the old man stand this torture? Two died in less than half a day. One of them really can't stand this crime. He told us that a stonemason had participated in the construction of the mausoleum, and maybe he could remember the location of the underground palace.

In order not to let outsiders know the entrance to the underground palace, craftsmen who built tunnels-the last project of the ancient imperial tombs-were often executed. So how did this stonemason survive? This is a miracle. It turned out that it was an accidental opportunity that saved his life. At that time, when Cixi was buried, 8/kloc-0 craftsmen were selected as the last closed tomb, and the masons were told that they could dig another tunnel first to get out. Craftsmen know very well that this is just a scam passed down from generation to generation. Now that we are left behind, we can't get out alive. The stonemason was over 40 years old. A few days ago, he heard a letter from a villager saying that his wife had given birth to an only child, but he was so happy that now he was asked to stay without looking at his son. When he was moving a stone, he was distracted and slipped. A big stone hit him and he fainted on the spot. The supervisor, who was busy at that time, thought that he was dead, and was afraid that he would defile the gold coupon (that is, the bedroom), so he had it dragged out and thrown on the barren slope. Masons woke up to find that they were not at the mausoleum site, and ran home desperately in surprise, so as to save their lives.

In the middle of the night, Jiang masons were suddenly invited to Dongling by several soldiers. He was in a daze and didn't know what had happened. Sun Dianying said to Jiang, Please show me the entrance to Cixi's bedroom, and I will take you back. The masons realized what was going on, and they were so scared that they cramped their calves and sat down in chairs. The mason thought, how can I betray my ancestors? Sun Dianying lured him with gold ingots and gold bars, but the masons kept silent. Sun Dianying was angry and ordered his men to move in the instruments of torture to prepare for torture. Instead, he thought, if the masons can't stand the torture and die, where can they find the entrance to the pyramid-shaped mound? So there was no torture. Sun Dianying slapped the table: "Mama of, don't tell? Grab your son, I'll skin him! " This move is really clever. Before Sun's men went out, the masons plopped down on their knees.

Under the guidance of masons, the entrance to the tomb was found, but the crossing was blocked by multi-layered granite, and the stone was cemented with tung oil glutinous rice lime slurry, which was really seamless and more difficult to chisel than natural rocks. The battalion commander of the engineering battalion called two barrels of nitric acid water and tried to open the stone barrier by erosion, but it still didn't help. It was midnight, and the officers and men who dug the tomb were so tired that they collapsed on the ground. Sun Dianying a look nasty, simply call men shipped explosives, on the fuse. Just listening to the deafening noise of "boom, boom", a big hole was blasted in the tomb of Cixi, and suddenly there was a "whoosh"-a musty smell gushed out of the tomb, scaring the officers and men straight back. "Mama of, don't hurry down!" Sun Dianying shouted. So the officers and men who dug the grave walked down the grave trembling with lanterns, and Sun Dianying roared again: "Shit, no one is allowed to mess around, and I will shoot him if anyone messes around!" He also ordered Mr. Tan to block the tomb door with a row of soldiers, and whoever dared to abscond with the treasure would be killed.

These officers and men entered the underground palace through the pyramid-shaped mound in fear, but the jewels on the stone table sparkled, just like the scene after open sesame in the Arabian Nights. These bandits, who were not paid for half a year, were released from a hungry prison, and they scrambled to grab the sacrificial treasures on the table. But they were insatiable. They split Cixi's coffin with knives and axes, and it was filled with gold, silver and jewels. The bandit soldiers swarmed again, pouncing on the coffin and plundering all the treasures inside. During the looting, Cixi's body was dragged out of the coffin; In the struggle for the treasure of the body, the body was torn apart and terrible. Three officers killed each other for treasure and died in the underground palace. The bandit soldiers found another hole when they pried open the coffin, and then they took all the treasures in the hole.

After the tomb of Cixi was stolen, Sun Dianying ordered the excavation of Yuling in Qianlong. The excavation method is the same as before, and the entrance to the tomb is also opened with explosives. During the Qianlong period, the underground palace was more magnificent, and its body had rotted, leaving only hair and ribs. After the bandit soldiers went in, they also robbed the treasure of Ganlong's coffin. Later, Sun Dianying wanted to rob the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Shunzhi, because he heard that the emperor shunzhi had become a monk in Wutai Mountain before his death, and the coffin in the mausoleum was empty, so he didn't do it. So I'm going to dig the Jingling of Kangxi, and I'm going to start work. Unexpectedly, yellow water flowed out of the ditch under the stone and then flowed out like a waterfall. There was more than two feet of water on the ground in an instant, so I didn't do it. On July 1 1 day, after seven days and seven nights of crazy looting, Sun Dianying returned home with a full load and went to the west.

What was stolen?

Both Qianlong and Cixi are outstanding figures in history of qing dynasty. It goes without saying that the jewels buried in the two tombs must be loaded with cars. Since both tombs have been ransacked, the income of Sun Dianying and his officers and men must be very rich. How many martyrs are there in Qianlong Imperial Mausoleum and Cixi Putuo Valley Dingdong Mausoleum? Now it is recorded in the archives preserved in the Forbidden City and other materials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, especially the tomb of Cixi. The funerary objects of Cixi underground palace are divided into two categories: before death and after death. According to the book "Mourning after Filial Piety, Sending Clothes Edition and Appreciating Legacy Clothes", it was recorded from March 25th in the 5th year of Guangxu (1April 879 16) to October 15th in the 34th year of Guangxu (1908 168).

As for the treasures of Cixi at her deathbed, it is even more extravagant. According to "Notes on Aiyuexuan", the eldest son of Li, the head of the Imperial Palace, it is recorded in detail: "When the Empress Dowager is not in the coffin, the bottom of the coffin is covered with a layer of gold silk mattress, and the beads are covered with a thin mattress embroidered with beads. Put a green lotus leaf in front of your head and a tourmaline lotus flower at your feet. After being released, carry the queen mother in. Step on the lotus with your back feet and the lotus leaf on your head. Dressed in a colorful gold beaded robe, covered with beaded embroidery, with beaded embroidery on the back and a clam Buddha statue on the back arm. The above treasures are personal filial piety and are not listed. After the crowd left, Tatrajin was covered behind. Wearing a pearl crown on the back, there are 108 golden Buddha, jade Buddha and jade Buddha beside it. A watermelon, two melons, 200 peaches, plums, apricots, dates and other treasures are placed around the hind feet. There is a jade lotus root on the left behind, with lotus leaves and lotus flowers on it; A coral tree is on your right. The empty place is sprinkled with beads and other things. When filled, cover with net beads. Just as he was about to put the lid on, big princess came. Say that finish, open the bead net, take out a jade eight jun and an eighteen jade arhat from the box, and put them next to the subsequent hand, with a children's cover on them. At this point, the ceremony is over. " The watermelons, melons, peaches, plums, apricots and dates mentioned here are not real melons and fruits, but are made of jadeite and jade, especially watermelons, which are the flesh of green jade skin and purple jade, cut in the middle, and the melon seeds are black.

As for the value of the treasures of Cixi underground palace, it is also explained in the notes of Aiyue Xuan that the price of gold silk cotton mattress is 84 thousand silver; Embroidered beaded thin mattress 22,000 yuan; Emerald lotus leaf is valued at 852,000 yuan; There are 820 beads in Buddhist scriptures, with an estimated value of 1.62 million; Valuation of beaded dress on the back 1.2 million; Each time, the golden Buddha statue is 8 Liang, the jade Buddha statue is 6 Liang, the jade Buddha statue is 6 Liang, and the ruby Buddha statue is 3 Liang Wu Liang, each with 27 statues, *** 108, with a value of about 622,000 Liang; 2 jadeite watermelons, worth about 2.2 million taels, and 4 jadeite melons, worth about 600,000 taels; The value of jade lotus root is about 654.38+0.2 million; The red coral tree is worth about 532 thousand; The highest value is the pearl crown worn by Cixi. A big quadruple pearl on it is a gift from foreigners, with a value of 100000000 and a total price of 100050000. In addition, Cixi was also loaded with about 500 big beads and 6,000 small beads, with an estimated value of 228,000.

It can be seen from the book "After the Death of Filial Piety and Qin Dynasty, Sending Clothes Edition, Appreciating Legacy Clothes" and "Notes of Aiyue Xuan" written by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Qing Dynasty that the funerary objects in Cixi's tomb are huge and valuable. As for the treasures in Ganlongyu Mausoleum, because there is no detailed record to check, we can only estimate them according to the stolen goods found and the number of vehicles used for grave robbery in Sun Dianying. As early as before the grave robbery, Sun Dianying requisitioned 30 carts from Zunhua County in the name of "knowing the local sufferings and not raising food on the spot". It is conceivable how many treasures should be loaded in these 30 carts.

In addition, it can also be seen from the intercepted and handed over stolen goods. Sun Dianying, Tan Wenjiang etc. After robbing Dongling, they were eager to sell stolen goods, and they had frequent contacts with relevant people at home and abroad. Tan Wenjiang and others sneaked into Beiping (now Beijing) and secretly entrusted Huang Baichuan, an antique dealer, to sell treasures on a commission basis, which was intercepted by garrison headquarters. On August 4th, the detective team of Qingdao Police Department captured three people, including Zhang Qihou, a deserter from Sun Dianying Department, and seized 36 treasure pearls they were carrying. According to Zhang, it also sold 10 pearls in Tianjin at the price of 1.200 yuan. These 46 pearls were found in the underground palace of Cixi. A soldier can also have 46 treasure beads, and the treasures obtained by companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, divisions and commanders can be imagined. On August 14, Tianjin garrison headquarters seized 35 boxes of Dongling cultural relics, including Daming lacquer long table, golden lacquer round fan, tile unicorn, tile Buddha fairy, tile hunter, tile kuixing, colorful dragon lacquer ware, pottery, etc. 1 piece. , by antique dealers from Beiping to Tianjin, ready to export, shipped to France. At the same time, in Zunhua, 24 bronze Buddha statues and 10 rubbings written by Gan Long were intercepted by the so-called Ministry of Internal Affairs of the National Government. More than two months after the Dongling massacre, Commander-in-Chief Xu of the Sixth Army Corps handed over more than 300 pieces of Dongling cultural relics, including gold bracelets, rubies, sapphires, tourmalines, Han Yuhuan, jadeite, red coral bibcock, coral bean curd, agate double-mouthed snuff bottles and white jade snuff bottles. Thus, the amount of treasure stolen by Sun Dianying Department is huge.

Why did the theft go away?

Sun Dianying, who dared to defy the world, hacked explosives with knives and axes and brazenly dug up the tomb of Dongqing, deserved it, but this big case ended in vain. At the time of the tomb robbery in Dongling, Chiang Kai-shek and some important members of the Kuomintang party, government and army were holding activities to pay homage to Sun Yat-sen and celebrate the victory of the Northern Expedition in Beiping, which is only100km away from Dongling. Because of Sun Dianying's tight blockade of the news, officials in Beiping knew nothing about it. On the third day of the grave robbery, Sun Dianying also sent Tan Wenjiang to Beiping for an audience with Xu. In fact, he asked about the wind and found it calm. Tan returned to Dongling the next day to report to Sun Dianying, and Sun even let go of digging the grave. Until July 1 1, the tomb raiding troops marched westward, and Peiping still knew nothing about it. It was not until the beginning of August that Tan Wenjiang, eager to sell stolen goods in Beiping, was arrested at the same time as the antique dealer entrusted to supply and sell treasures, only to find that the whole country was in an uproar. Reuters was the first to disclose the scandal, which was published with eye-catching headlines on August 5th, and then reprinted in major newspapers in China on August 6th.

After the theft was revealed, many mass organizations called the National Government one after another, calling for an investigation into the mastermind. The Cultural Protection Association called for severe punishment of those who robbed Dongling, and collected all martyrs as soon as possible to repair the mausoleum. National Spirit Promotion Agency Application: Grave robbers are the symbol of our national spirit, and grave robbers are national scum. The All-China General Chamber of Commerce pointed out: The mausoleum projects of Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi are impregnable, and not a few people can dig them up in the shortest time! The National Treasure Sorting Committee called on the authorities to collect stolen national treasures as soon as possible to prevent them from flowing overseas.

Amid the condemnation of the whole country, the National Government had to put on a show of rectifying military discipline, uphold justice and severely punish the principal offenders. Chiang Kai-shek declared: The letterhead is well known and belongs to Tong Xun. The whole thing is under strict arrest, and this matter cannot be slightly lenient. Following Chiang Kai-shek's orders, the Beiping District Court sent inspector Yu Yuan to Dongling on August 8 to inspect the coffins of Gan Long and Cixi. Shang Zhen, chairman of Hebei Province, sent troops to protect Dongling, and Zhang, the garrison commander, sent troops to protect Xiling. Shang Zhen also ordered Zunhua county government to strictly arrest grave robbers and punish them according to law. Important officials of the Kuomintang made such a sensation, but they were vague about who was the culprit in the grave robbery. They sometimes call it "troops directly serving the Allied Forces", and sometimes they call it "remnants of the rebels" or "remnants of a certain party". At 438+00 on August 6th, investigators led by Liu, a member of the National Government, went to Dongling to start the investigation.

After Liu and his party arrived at Dongling, they saw the traces of grave robbery along the way. They found an iron-pointed hoe in Yu Mausoleum, which is unique to engineers, not farmers. In Malanyu Street, Sun Dianying's notice in June and Brigadier General Han Dabao's notice on July 7 were found. Knowing the nearby residents' tombs means hearing explosions coming from the direction of the two tombs. From time to time, soldiers went to the streets to buy fuel, and everyone's legs and feet were stained with underground mortar. It is also reported that at 6:5438+00 pm on July 9, Sun was seen taking a bus from Mashenqiao to Malanyu, when he was robbing a tomb.

However, while the government was investigating, Sun Dianying was poised. As a 12 army commander and a "third party" outside the case, he submitted a submission to the commander Xu of the 6th army, defending Tan Wenjiang, the wanted man of the tomb robbery and the eighth division teacher, and listing the reasons why Tan had nothing to do with the tomb robbery case. After reading Sun's submission, Xu sent a short message to Sun Fa, suggesting that he said, "What you did in Sun Dianying this time is too rash. The world is in chaos, and all parties have made a lot of noise. It is hard for me to cover up the sun.". However, if you want to try your best to dredge the key groups, it depends on your means. You caught a lot this time. Outsiders say there are hundreds of millions. You can't bear to let children catch wolves. If you want to calm the storm, you have to invest a lot of money. Even the heads and commanders of the army should try their best to do something in front of them. As long as they don't attack, the people can be subdued. Sun Dianying got the message, and quickly selected a number of precious treasures from the stolen goods of Dongling, including a Kowloon sword with nine golden dragons embedded in its face and precious stones embedded in its hilt, which was given to Chiang Kai-shek by Sun Tuo Dai Li. The other sword was given to He by Dai Li. There are 108 beads on Qianlong's neck, which is said to represent eighteen arhats. They are priceless. The two largest vermilion beads were given to Dai Li by Sun when he was in Tianjin. Cixi's pillow is emerald watermelon, which was given to Song Ziwen by Sun Tuo Dai Li; A night pearl in Cixi's mouth is the most precious. It is Zhang Kaicheng two pieces, folded into a ball, transparent and dim. When it is closed, it emits green cold light, and you can see your hair within a hundred steps at night. Sun also gave this treasure to Dai Li. I was very jealous after meeting him, so Sun chose two more ropes to give him the jewels on his shoes. And gave the gold worth 500 thousand yuan to Yan Xishan.

Dongling has been stolen for more than a month and has been left unattended. Although the national government sent high officials to investigate, there was no way to deal with it. Puyi, the last emperor who lived in Bird, Tianjin, was crying when he heard the news, that is, he set up a memorial service in Bird and called the royal family in Beijing and the minister from Qing Dynasty to Tianjin to discuss the affairs. After two days and two nights of "headquarters meeting", it was decided to send Bao, Yan Shoumin, Chen and others to Dongling for exploration and deal with all the aftermath. On August 18, more than 70 people including Bao drove to Dongling. After arriving at Dongling, we first explored the tombs of Qianlong and the Second Mausoleum of Cixi, and then reburied the empress. The original plan was to rebury Qianlong first and then Empress Cixi in the order of generations. However, at that time, because the water in the Yuling underground palace in Gan Long was very deep and needed to be drained before it could be reburied, we first went to Putuo Yu Ding Dong Mausoleum to rebury Cixi. Of course, what is presented to these Qing ministers is a terrible situation. It was not until August 3 1 that Gan Long's body was reburied.

Since Dongling was stolen, ministers of the Qing Dynasty went to garrison headquarters many times to demand that grave robbers be severely punished, but Tan Wenjiang, the wanted man, was released on bail pending trial, and many other grave robbers escaped from Beiping. People from all walks of life have called on the government to deal with the case quickly and fairly, and the Beiping General Chamber of Commerce requested that a special court be organized to hear the case. As a last resort, Yan Xishan ordered garrison headquarters to organize a military court as soon as possible, with Admiral Shang Zhen as the presiding judge. Under the pressure of public opinion, the Army Prison immediately remanded Tan Wenjiang on bail pending trial. At the same time, the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Army, Xu Jiang, reported Tan Wenjiang to the so-called Dongling treasure in Malanyu, sealed it up and handed it over to garrison headquarters, and said that he would never lend money to his subordinates. The theft of Dongling was investigated by the military court in mid-June of1928+February, and then it went away. The preliminary hearing was not held until April 20 of the following year, and it was finalized on June 8. At the first trial, Tan Wenjiang, the principal offender, refused to admit the theft, while Sun Dianying, the mastermind, was at large. Appointed by the National Government as the newly established independent brigade commander of the Second Brigade, he cooperated with Ren in the crusade against Zhang Zongchang. /kloc-in June of 0/5, the military court decided to draw up a trial book and report it to the central authorities for detaining Tan Wenjiang and other criminal suspects, thus ending the long-running theft case of Dongling.

It has been several months since the military court reported the case, and it is difficult to make a judgment because of the complicated facts. At this point, Sun Dianying has led the army to get in touch with Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang on the Longhai Line, and received more than 20,000 people's troops near Songshan, which was highly valued by Yan and Feng. After Sun Dianying negotiated with Yan Xishan, Tan Wenjiang was also released. Later, Sun Dianying was promoted to the position of Chairman of Anhui Province and Commander of the Fifth Army. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he and Pang Bingxun defected to form the new Fifth Army. After Japan surrendered, he became a "loyal minister" of "curve saving the country" and was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the advance army, making an enemy of the People's Liberation Army. In the People's Liberation Army's campaign to liberate Tangyin, Henan Province, the main criminal who had been on the run for more than 20 years was finally captured alive by the People's Liberation Army and died in the detention center for war criminals.