Information about Laozi and Confucius?

Lao tze? \x0d\ Lao Zi is Li Er, with the word "stone" or "Yang". Han nationality, born in Qurenli, Li Xiang, Chu Treasury County (now Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province [1]), lived 57 1 ~ 47 1 years ago. He was a great philosopher, thinker and founder of Taoist school in ancient China, and was honored as the ancestor of Li by the emperor of Tang Dynasty. Luyi County, the hometown of Laozi, was renamed from Ku County to zhenyuan county, Weizhen County and Luyi County because of Laozi, leaving many precious cultural relics closely related to Laozi in Luyi County. Laozi is a world cultural celebrity and one of the world's 100 historical celebrities, including Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi). The essence of his works is simple dialectics, which advocates inaction, and his theory has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. Laozi is revered as the ancestor of Taoism in Taoism. Lao Zi and Zhuangzi in later generations were also called Zhuang Zi [1]. \x0d\x0d\ 1 profile \ x0d \ Laozi (about 57 BC1-47 BC1), the word Bo Yang, posthumous title Yong, also known as Li Er (in ancient times, "Lao" and "Li" were homonyms; "Yong" is synonymous with "Er"), which comes from Qurenli \x0d\x0d\ Laozi \ x0d \ Taiqinggong Town, Li Xiang Town, Guxian County, Chu State (now Luyi County, Henan Province) [1]. He was an official in charge of the library in the Zhou Dynasty and one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in China. He is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism and a world cultural celebrity. Laozi's thought advocates "inaction", and Laozi uses "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe. This is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of "independence and no danger". The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, which can be transformed from opposition to opposition, and it is a "movement against the Tao", "the restoration of good and evil, the restoration of good and evil" and "the refuge of misfortune". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "nothing", and "being and nothing" are the foundation, and "everything in the world is born of something and born of nothing". His motto about the people is: "Heaven is more than enough to make up for it, and humanity is less than enough to make up for it"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years. As for his identity, some people think that he is Lao Laizi, a native of Chu. At the same time as Confucius, he wrote 15 books to promote Taoism. Some people think it is Zhou Taishi (dān), who lived 100 years after the death of Confucius. Sima Qian, a famous historian, explained in Historical Records of Laozi's Biography of Han Fei that there were two kinds of speculations about Laozi at that time. "Or: Lao Tzu is also an old boy, writing fifteen books, which are used by Taoism and contemporary with Confucius." At that time, Sima Qian also suspected that Laozi was an old Laizi, not the founder of Taoism. \x0d\ Lao Dan lived a long life and died at the age of 160. All the neighbors came to offer their condolences. An old man crying is like crying his son; Crying less is like crying mom. Thinking of Lao Tzu's great virtue and great kindness of being obedient to the people and people's feelings, not competing with the world, and being kind to others, all of them fell into grief. Lao Dan's good friend Qin Yi came to pay tribute to Lao Tzu's remains. He didn't kneel or worship, bowed \ x0d \ x0d \ Lao Zi rode an ox on a vertical shaft [1]\x0d\ and greeted him hand in hand. He cried three times. When he wanted to turn around and go back, his neighbor stopped him and asked, "Aren't you a good friend of Lao Tzu?" Qin Yi replied; "Of course." The neighbor said, "Since I am a good friend of Laozi, how can I be so ungrateful and polite?" Qin Tao; "Why not?" Hearing this, the neighbor turned around in anger and asked loudly, "What's the reason?" Qin Gui said with a smile, "My friend Lao Dan has a saying, whether he likes death or not. Can you smell it? In the past, life in Lao Dan started from scratch, and it was formed by gathering gas. It comes at the right time and conforms to the laws of nature. What is joy? Today, it is natural that Lao Dan's death has vanished from existence to nothingness and kept pace with the times. What's so sad? People who are born happy think they are unhappy and unhappy; Those who die sad think they are sad because they are not sad. Cherish life when you are released, and fear death when you die. Are forced to live by their own will, forced to die, but also responsible for their feelings. If peace and harmony prevail, sadness and joy cannot enter. What about going against nature, against heaven and obeying the Tao? In the way, can you be Lao Dan's friend? Lao Dan is a good friend. He will do what he says and what he says. Since I am a friend of Lao Dan, I can be physical and chemical, so I am not sad. " \x0d\ When the neighbor heard this, he seemed to realize something and asked, "Since you are not sad, why did you cry three times?" Qin Yi said with a smile, "I cried three times, not out of sadness, but to say goodbye to Lao Dan. 1, it is natural to say that life is at the right time. Second, when it comes to his death, it is natural; No.3 is supposed to be natural inaction in the world. When Lao Dan raised his foot to respond, he stopped and joined the road. Why am I sad? " When the neighbors heard about it, they all said that Qin Gui was a true friend of Lao Dan, so he was chosen as the main burial place. During the burial, Qin Gui sang a eulogy: "The Great Sage of Lao Dan, for heaven's sake, went to Datong and lived forever." \x0d\2 Main Works \x0d\ Laozi's Moral Classics \ Dou Zhongliang \x0d\ Laozi wrote a book of five thousand words, also known as Moral Classics or Moral Classics. Tao Te Ching, The Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius are considered to be the three most influential masterpieces in China. Tao Te Ching is divided into two volumes, ***8 1. The first 37 chapters are the first, and the last 38 chapters are the next. The ideological structure of the book is: Tao is the "body" of virtue, and virtue is the "use" of Tao. The full text is about five thousand words. \x0d\ Tao Te Ching was later named. At first, this book was called Laozi, but it didn't have the name of Tao Te Ching. Its completion date was controversial in the past, but it is still uncertain. However, according to the date of "Laozi" on Guodian bamboo slips unearthed in 1993, it was written at least in the middle and early Warring States period. For the collation of Laozi on Chu bamboo slips, see Sixin Ding's Collation of Laozi on Guodian Chu bamboo slips. \x0d\ Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of everything in the universe, and thought that Tao gave birth to one, two, three, and three things, and that Tao was "the fate of a husband is unnatural", so "man should adapt to the earth, the earth should adapt to the sky, the sky should adapt to the Tao, and the Tao should be natural". In addition to the simple materialistic viewpoint, Laozi also contains many simple dialectical viewpoints, such as that everything has two sides, and the "movement against Tao" can be transformed from opposition. In addition, there are a lot of people-oriented ideas in the book: "Heaven does more harm than good, but humanity does not, and the damage is not enough to convince the rest"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" His theory had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. \x0d\3 ideological system \x0d\ philosophical thought \x0d\ Lao Tzu tried to establish a theory covering all things in the universe. \x0d\ Laozi believes that everything follows this law (Tao): \x0d\ The interior of things is not single and static, but relatively complex and changeable. Things themselves are the unity of yin and yang. \x0d\ Things that are opposite to each other will transform into each other, that is, the transformation of Yin and Yang. \x0d\ x0d \ Laozi's Scriptures (Part) \ x0d \ Dharma (virtue) comes from the Dharma (Tao) of things. \x0d\ Laozi's "inaction" is not aimed at "inaction", but at "doing something". Because according to the "Tao" mentioned above, "inaction" will be transformed into "promising". \x0d\ The genius of this idea lies in that, although subjectively, it is not aimed at obtaining benefits, objectively, it can achieve benefits better. \x0d\ comes from "Heaven and earth are not pushed, the sun and the moon are self-evident, the stars are self-ordered, and animals are made by themselves". This is natural, why bother? (See the fourth paragraph of Confucius' question in Lao Tzu's story below) It can be seen that the concept of "nature" mentioned by Lao Tzu is not similar to that of God, and the law of all things (Tao) is stipulated by nature, that is, "Tao is nature". Some people misunderstand the meaning of nature here. \x0d\ It should be noted that: \x0d\ In fact, human life is like the existence of the universe, and no one can rationally point out its purpose. \ x0d \ x0d \ portrait of Laozi [2]\x0d\ Therefore, it is the only choice to choose a certain target (s) irrationally. \x0d\ I look at the problem from the infinite standpoint of Tao. \x0d\ So I only said "method" and didn't point out "purpose". \x0d\ This gives us an inspiration: Why do people suffer because they deliberately achieve their goals? Being idle and carefree is also a way to treat people. \x0d\ Regarding Laozi's world view, according to the previous Tao, "nothing" and "being" (the existence of all things is "being") will be transformed into each other. Therefore, Lao Tzu believes that everything in the universe comes from nothingness and moves towards nothingness. For example, the life and death of human beings (see the following story about the death of a saint told by Lao Zi: "Once upon a time, Lao Dan was born out of nothing" and "Today, Lao Dan died out of nothing"). \x0d\ ideological origin \x0d\ Laozi is the official history of Zhou, so the History of Art and Literature in Han Dynasty says, "Those who follow the Tao are covered by the official history". This statement is not unreasonable. As for Ban Gu's philosophers, saying that they are all from Wang Guan is another matter. According to Jin Dejian's Lao Dan Theory from the Textual Research of Historians, "the origin of Lao Dan Theory is probably due to the History of the Zhou Dynasty". He listed the statements of historians in Zuozhuan, Guoyu, The Analects of Confucius and Biography of Dai Li, and compared the related materials of 16 with Laozi. For example, "Zuo Zhuan" was published for two years:' Zhong Niwen: only the name of the instrument is not false.' Thirty-two years of Zhao Gong in Zuo Zhuan: Use the name of the instrument carefully, and don't fake people. These words in Zuo Zhuan are obviously the semantic basis of Laozi's "weapon of the country, which cannot be shown to others" (Chapter 36). "。 . From the comparison of these materials, it shows that the sentences in Laozi are "knowledge preserved by historians". It can be seen that the knowledge of Laozi and historians has ideological origins. \x0d\ Confucius? \x0d\ Confucius (from September 28th, 55 BC 1 year to April 28th, 479 BC1year, that is, from August 27th to February 11th of the lunar calendar), whose real name is Zhong Ni, Han nationality, was born in Lu State (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period, and his ancestors. China was a great thinker, educator and politician in ancient times, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius is a masterpiece of China's ancient culture, and he was praised as a "heavenly saint" and a "heavenly eye" when he was alive. He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was honored by later rulers as Confucius' sage, the most holy, the most holy teacher and the eternal teacher, ranking first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". Confucius' Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China, the Confucian cultural circle and even the world. There are Confucian temples dedicated to Confucius all over China, and contemporary writer Hua Xuanju praises Kong Qiu in many works. \ x0d \ x0d \ Ten philosophers of Confucius \ x0d \ x0d \ virtue \ x0d \ Yan Hui? Min Zikai? Hey? Ran Yong \ x0d \ x0d \ politics \ x0d \ x0d \? You Ran? Zhong You \ x0d \ x0d \ words \ x0d \ x0d \? Slaughter? Duanmu words \ x0d \ x0d \ literature \ x0d \ x0d \? Yan Yan? Shang Bo's life experience \x0d\ x0d \ 1 \ x0d \ Kong Qiu, Kong's surname, Qiu Mingren, the word Zhong Ni [3] in Xianggong (5 1 year BC, julian calendar \x0d\ x0d \ in this Gregorian calendar is 55/kloc-0 BC. Later, in the Song Dynasty, Shu gave birth to another item. Jia, the seventh ancestor of Confucius, was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court, and his son's father fled to Shandong. From then on, my father took the father's word as Kong's. According to legend, Confucius edited poems, books, rituals and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu. He has been engaged in preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts all his life, and is honored by the people of China as "the most holy teacher and an eternal model". After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the famous Confucian classic The Analects. \x0d\ According to legend, he has 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints [3], and once led some disciples around the world. Confucius' thought has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Confucius and Mencius, one of the representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period, were called "Confucius and Mencius" by later generations. The combination of Confucius and Mencius formed the Confucian "Tao of Confucius and Mencius". [4]\x0d\ aristocratic background \x0d\ Confucius is a descendant of Shang Tang, the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty, and is an imperial clan of Shang Dynasty. King Wu conquered the Zhou Dynasty, and \ x0d \ x0d \ Confucius [5]\x0d\ was sealed in Bo, and the country name was Song, that is, Song State, so he was a descendant of the nobles of Yin and Shang Dynasties. \x0d\ After the Three Prison Rebellion, Wei Zi, a brother of the Duke of Zhou and a loyal minister of Shang Dynasty, was buried in his hometown (now Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province) after his death, with a Cabbage Temple. After Wei's death, his brother Wei Zhong acceded to the throne. After the death of Wei Zhong, Song Zigong succeeded to the throne; After the death of Song Dynasty, Zi Shen. After the death of Song Dynasty, his son succeeded to the throne. After Duke Song died, Brother Gong stood on his own feet. Why can't the Prince and his father stand on their own feet? So Fu Cha's younger brother Gong Bootstrap killed Yang Gong and wanted to make Fu Cha his father, but Fu Cha refused, so Gong Bootstrap became the monarch, for the sake of Song. How can Fu Dad become Zhengqing? \x0d\ father pawn, son Song father; Song's father died in the week, Prince Li succeeded, and Prince Kao succeeded. The three kings, Song Guodai, Wu and Xuan, learned from their fathers and were named for their respect. "One life rolls for grain, two life tired, three life easy. "I want to test my father's experience in the Zhou Dynasty, get back the Shang Dynasty Fu, and sort out and supplement the lost chapters in the Song Dynasty. \x0d\ is the death of Kao's father and Jia, the father of his son Kong. Confucius' father, Jia Shi, Song Mugong. Before he died, Mu Gong did not set up his own son Feng, but set up his brother's son Feng Heyi to repay his brother's kindness to serve the country. Before he died, he ordered Jia to assist Yi (male). Jia Jia, the father of Confucius, was a martyr of foreigners and men. He fought against Zheng, Wei and other countries many times, but most of them ended in failure, causing dissatisfaction among Chinese people. Kong's wife is very beautiful, which makes another doctor, Hua, drool over her. Therefore, the governor of the founding father used the dissatisfaction of the Chinese people to launch a mutiny and killed Kong and Song. Mu, the son of Kong, fled to the state of Lu, and the Kong family became a native of Lu. \x0d\x0d\ Yuan Pengfei draws a picture of Confucius' theory of Taoism \ x0d \ Jin Mu's father prays for his father's filial piety, and prays for his father's Confucius to prevent his uncle from giving birth, and Confucius gave birth to Shu, the father of Confucius and a famous soldier of Lu. In 563, Xun Ying of the State of Jin led eleven allied forces to attack a small country, forcing Yang to die (now the central area of Zaozhuang, Shandong Province) and forcing Yang to lie about surrender. After the Allies entered the city, they lowered the city gate to prepare to attack the Allies. At this time, the gate of the Shu army before entering the customs was held, so that the allied forces safely withdrew from forced Yang. Meng Xianzi praised him: "The so-called' fierce as a tiger' in the poem is also". [6]\x0d\ Sage came to earth \x0d\ Shu's wife Shi gave birth to nine daughters and no children, and my concubine gave birth to Meng Pi, but Meng Pi had foot disease and could not be an heir, so Shu asked Yan. Yan has three daughters and wants to marry them, but she is too old and impatient, so she asks her three daughters for advice. Neither of the two eldest daughters is willing, but the youngest daughter, Yan Zhizai, is willing to marry. \x0d\ Yan Zhizhai is eighteen years old and Shu is seventy-two. There is a big difference in age. They got married in the Book of Rites. The husband and wife lived in Nishan and were pregnant, so they called it "sexual intercourse". In the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu (55 BC1), Confucius was born in August. Confucius was born with a dome on his head, so he was named "Qiu" because his mother prayed in Nishan. \x0d\ Early life \x0d\ When Confucius was three years old, Shu died of illness and was buried in the defensive land. After the death of Shu, Yan Zhizai lost his asylum and was chased by his wife Shi, so he took his younger brothers Meng Pi and Confucius to Qubuque and lived a poor life. When Confucius grows up, he will also do a lot of rough work for his life. Confucius later said, "I am cheap, so I can be cheap." \x0d\ Confucius was diligent and studious, although his family was poor. As a game, young Confucius used it to decorate sacrificial vessels (cowpeas) and practice ceremonies. When Confucius grew up, he was nine feet six inches tall, so the villagers called him a "long man". The family was a book fan, and Confucius had been there, but Confucius came back without yang hu, the family's retainer. \x0d\ official career \x0d\ Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. "x0d" visited Shandong for 20 years, called Confucius to discuss with him, and Confucius met him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but was stopped by the doctor Yan Ying. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, the doctor of Qi tried to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. \x0d\ Confucius was in charge of Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year, and achieved outstanding results. He was promoted to a small sikong, and soon he was promoted to a big Sikou, taking photos and taking care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken Sanhuan (,uncle, teacher), Confucius called it Sanhuan because it was the offspring of three sons. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees, and adopted measures of "benefiting and" removing the three capitals. Later, the actions of Sandu were abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and Sanhuan was exposed. \x0d\ Lu 13, Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, Lu held a sacrifice in the suburbs, and when he gave the meat to the doctor after the sacrifice, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, which showed that Ji didn't want to hire him anymore. Confucius had to leave Shandong to find a way out abroad. \x0d\ Traveling around the world \x0d\ Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to the salary standard of Lu, he was given a salary of 60,000 yuan, but he was not given the official position of \x0d\ traveling around the world, and he was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. \x0d\ was besieged for five days due to misunderstanding when passing through Kuangcheng. He fled Kuangcheng and arrived in Dipu. When he met the rebellion of Wei nobles, he was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return. \x0d\ In the second year (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left the country and went to Chen State through Cao, Song and Zheng, so he sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not in front of or behind the village. After eating all the food he brought, he was deprived of food for seven days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, so that Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. \x0d\ Confucius' family is quite poor. Because of the troubled times, the benevolent policy advocated by Confucius has no room for display, but during the three months of governing Lu, the powerful state of Qi was also afraid of Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction made Confucius devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius used to be a scout in the state of Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples and asked Lao Tzu for advice in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty [7]. Finally, I returned to Shandong and concentrated on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and started a private school, with as many as 3000 disciples, including 72 sages. Many of these 72 people are the pillars of senior officials in various countries, which have continued the glory for Confucianism. Among the "seventy-two wise men", Yan Hui is Confucius' favorite disciple. \x0d\ Driving a crane to the West \x0d\ During this period, Confucius focused on education and ancient books arrangement. In the twelfth winter in Lu Aigong, Kong Li died before Confucius. Lu Aigong fourteen years, Yan Hui before him. Confucius felt it: "The people who followed me to Cai Chen before were not as good as the door." In the summer of the 14th year of Aigong, Chen Heng of Qi killed his monarch, and Confucius fasted and bathed for three days, pleading with Aigong to cut Qi, and Aigong told him to "sue". Confucius invited Ji Sun to send troops, but the result was rejected by the statue of Confucius. \x0d\ 480 years ago, another favorite pupil of Confucius died in the civil strife in Wei State and was chopped into pieces. After a series of blows, Confucius knew that his time was running out. \ x0d \ One day 479 years ago, Zi Gong came to see Confucius, and his staff stood in front of the door. He said to Zigong, "Here, why are you so late?" So he sighed: "Mount Tai (that is, Mount Tai) is not good! The beams and columns are destroyed! The philosopher is dying! " Say that finish, shed tears. Then he said to Zigong, "Xia people were buried in the east sequence, Zhou people were buried in the west sequence, and Yin people were buried between the two columns. Last night, I dreamed that I was drinking between two pillars. I am Yin. " \x0d\ Seven days later, Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried on the bank of Surabaya in the north of Qufu. Disciples mourned for him for 3 years, and Zi Gong kept the tomb for Confucius for 6 years. [8]\x0d\2 Main achievements \x0d\ Teaching features \x0d\① Setting up private schools, \ x0d \ Confucius lecture map \ x0d \ recruiting disciples. \x0d\② Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is good at inspiring students to think. \ x0d \ (3) He teaches students to have an honest learning attitude and be modest and eager to learn. \x0d\④ He asked students to review what they had learned from time to time, so as to "review the past and learn the new". \x0d\ When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: \ He was too angry to eat, but also too happy to forget his troubles. He doesn't know that he is getting old. \ At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and experienced hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius didn't give up because of difficulties. He was still optimistic, stuck to his ideals and even knew he couldn't do it. \x0d\ Happiness of the poor \x0d\ Confucius said, "Being rich because of injustice is like a cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, doing good is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. However, we can't regard his \ x0d \ x0d \ as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain the Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. " \x0d\ During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty where Confucius lived, the political system based on blood clan in the Western Zhou Dynasty collapsed, and the Han nationality's identity based on cultural identity was taking shape. This is the era when China people's cultural awareness first occurred. Classicism became fashionable, and some people began to think about the problems of heaven, life and world order. Cultural education, which was originally monopolized by nobles, is gradually flowing into the people. Confucius is the representative and master of the spirit of this era. He initiated a hundred schools of thought during the Warring States Period. The Analects of Confucius is the main work to understand his thoughts. \x0d\4 Historical Records \x0d\ Main Entry: Confucius Family \x0d\ See Sima Qian's Historical Records Volume 47 Confucius Family XVII \x0d\5 Family Members \x0d\ Confucius' ancestral home in Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) [1]. My father, Uncle Liang, lives in Pingzhen, the mayor, and is a doctor. The Shuhe family has nine daughters. He was eager to have children, so he continued to take a concubine and got a son named Meng Pi, but his foot was disabled. At the age of 72, Shu married Yan Zhizai, aged 18, and gave birth to Confucius and. In order to have a son, Shu prayed in Niqiu Mountain, so he was named Qiu. \x0d\ After Confucius, there are only three brothers, Confucius, Teng Kong and Uncle Kong, in the seventh generation. The descendants of Confucius inherited the ancestral teachings of their ancestors and made great achievements in literature and Confucian classics. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because of the support of the emperor, they became "the first family in the world". Confucius' genealogy has been reconstructed five times, and it has been recorded in great detail for more than 2,500 years, and the names of each generation are also very famous. Today, with Qufu as the center, there are about 3 million descendants of Confucius, all over China and overseas. Kong Xiangxi and Kong are all descendants of Confucius.