How about Lushan Temple and Aiwan Pavilion in Yuelu Mountain, Changsha?

Lushan Temple in Changsha, also known as Huiguang Temple, rokuonji and manjuji, is located halfway up Yuelu Mountain on the west bank of Xiangjiang River in Changsha. It is a famous Buddhist temple with a long history and the earliest relic of Buddhism introduced into Hunan. Known as "the first site of Huxiang", it is now a key cultural relic protection unit in Hunan Province and the resident of Hunan Buddhist Association. 1983 was designated as the national key Buddhist temple of Han nationality by the State Council.

Yuelu Mountain is one of the 72 peaks of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue! It is a national key scenic spot and one of the four maple scenic spots in Yuelu Mountain-Orange Island. Yuelu Mountain, located on the west bank of Xiangjiang River in the ancient city of Changsha, is an urban mountain scenic spot. The scenic spots that have been opened include Lushan Mountain Scenic Area and Orange Island Scenic Area, among which Lushan Mountain Scenic Area is the core scenic area, and there are Yuelu Academy, Aiwan Pavilion, Lushan Temple, Yunlu Palace and the former site of Xinmin Society.

The scenery of Yuelu Temple is also very beautiful. Yuelu Mountain is the foot of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, which extends to Changsha and is one of the 2 peaks in Nanyue! It is 295 meters above sea level, next to Xiangjiang River. There are towering ancient trees, winding streams, beautiful mountains and pleasant scenery. In summer, the maple forest is lush, shaded from the sun, and the forest in late autumn is dyed and the red leaves are like fire. Du Mu's "parking in the maple forest late, frosty leaves are red in February flowers" is to describe the scenery here. Yuelu Temple is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, with Qingfeng Gorge on the left, Baihequan on the right, Feng Dan and Xiangliu in the west of Long Island in the front, and Fengyun in northern Fujian and the deep mountains and forests in the back. Liu Yuxi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once marveled that "the high hall suddenly overwhelmed the sky, overlooking Changsha, suspecting to swallow".

Aiwan Pavilion is located in Xia Qingfeng Canyon, Yuelu Mountain, Hunan. Founded in 1792, the name comes from Du Mu's seven-character quatrain "Mountain Walk". Together with Pipa Pavilion, Lanting Pavilion and Zuiweng Pavilion, it is called the four famous pavilions in China, which is a revolutionary activity resort and a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. The pavilion with double eaves and eight columns, glazed tiles and pavilion corners fly up, which looks like flying from a distance. There are painted algae wells in the pavilion, and the "Love Evening Pavilion" with a gold-plated red background is hung on the east and west sides, which was inscribed by Mao Zedong by Li Da, then president of Hunan University.

Lushan Temple was founded in the fourth year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (268). It was founded by Li Fachong, a disciple of Dunhuang Bodhisattva Dai Li, and was originally named Huiguang Temple. It has a history of more than 1700 years, and it is only about 200 years since Buddhism was introduced to China. Therefore, it is not only the first Buddhist temple in Hunan, but also one of the early Buddhist temples in China. After Zhu Fachong, the founder of the mountain, there were other eminent monks who lived in Xilushan Temple in the Jin Dynasty, such as Fa Dao and Fa Cheng. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Lushan Temple was protected by the rulers of all previous dynasties. Many officials left books to hide stones, built a main hall, "built a nirvana statue in the temple" and "presented scallops in the pavilion", which made the temple architecture more complete. In the second year of Emperor Wendi's Renshou in Sui Dynasty (602), Emperor Wendi built a stupa in Lushan Temple to worship the Buddhist relics brought by Indian monks. In the ninth year of Emperor Wendi (589), Zhiyi, the founder of Tiantai Sect, traveled to Huajing and Hunan, stayed in Lushan Temple to give lectures, and preached the teachings of Tiantai Sect, such as "one thought, three truths and harmony" and the Zen method of "stopping the view with a round meal", which greatly increased the reputation of the temple. Lushan Temple in Tang Dynasty is magnificent and large-scale. Du Fu called it "the door of the temple is high and the foot of the temple is inserted into Chisha Lake". When Tang Wuzong Huichang destroyed the Buddha in the fifth year (845), all the temples in Lushan Temple were destroyed and the monks scattered. In the early years of Xuanzong, it gradually recovered. Master Jing Cen rebuilt Huiguang Temple in the former site and renamed it Lushan Temple. The "Tiger Centang" in the temple was built to commemorate his rebuilding of Lushan Temple. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Lushan Temple was deserted and prosperous for a while. During the Wanli period, Ming Shenzong invited Miao Guang (1573- 1620) to rebuild the Ursa major hall, Guanyin Pavilion, Wanfo Hall, Tibetan Scripture Building and other buildings in the former site of Qingfeng Gorge Temple, and named them "Manju Collection".

The building scope of Lushan Temple is above Qingfeng Gorge, but the main hall below Qingfeng Gorge has not been restored. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Zen Temple was destroyed by fire. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, under the auspices of Master Tan Zhi and Master satellites, Lushan Temple was built several times on a large scale, and the Qian Dian, Ursa Major Hall, Fatang Hall and Abbot Room were all completely renewed. There are many poets and monks, such as Mi Gui, Tian Fang and Liu Yun. This is the so-called Zhongxing period. During the Anti-Japanese War, most of the buildings in Lushan Temple, such as Maitreya Hall, Daxiong Hall, Zen Hall and Zhaitang, were destroyed by Japanese planes, leaving only the Shanmen and Guanyin Pavilion. 1953 In September, Changsha Municipal People's Government handed over Lushan Temple to Buddhist organizations for management and use, and there were seven monks in the temple. During the Cultural Revolution, Lushan Temple was destroyed, monks were driven out and turned into parks. 1983, Lushan Temple was identified by the State Council as a key Buddhist temple in the Han area of China. Yuelu Park handed over Lushan Temple to the management of Changsha Buddhist Association. 1985 65438+ 10, monks entered the temple, resumed the Buddhist activities that had been interrupted for a long time, and rebuilt the Ursa Mahayana Hall, Maitreya Hall, Lecture Hall and Shentang, making this ancient Buddhist temple take shape. 1in August, 994, monk Sheng Hui was appointed as the abbot of the temple. 1June, 1999, with the approval of the State Bureau of Religious Affairs, the first Buddhist college in Hunan was established.

The total area of Lushan Temple now is 8428 square meters. It is composed of main buildings such as Shanmen, Maitreya Hall, Daxiong Hall, Guanyin Pavilion and Zhaitang. In the Tang Dynasty, Toushanmen was on the bank of Xiangjiang River, and Toushanmen was on the bank of Xiangjiang River. Du Fu wrote a poem: "The temple gate is wide open, and the foot of the temple is inserted into Chisha Lake." Ershanmen is today's Zusi Mountain Gate. The gate is arched, inscribed with "Gulushan Temple", and next to it is a couplet: "The first scene of Han and Wei Dynasties, the first scene of Hunan", which shows its historical position. After entering the gate of Lushan Temple, you can see the release pond, the advanced Maitreya Buddha Hall, and the Maitreya Buddha statue on the Buddha platform. Maitreya Hall has a bell tower on the left and a drum tower on the right. Admiralty is the Great Hall, that is, the main hall, which is seven rooms wide and six rooms deep, and rests on the top of the mountain with double eaves. The Buddha platform in the temple is dedicated to the three-body Buddha statue of Sakyamuni Buddha. On the left side of the hall are the five-view hall and the living room, and on the right is the lecture hall. Later, it was Guanyin Pavilion, also known as Sutra Pavilion. There are two Podocarpus trees in front of the pavilion, which are called "Six Dynasties Pine". The two trees are opposite and the branches are staggered, just like a pass, which is called "Songguan". There is a well named Longquan at the lower right of the pavilion. Climb along the corridor of Qingfeng Gorge, pass through stupa, Guanyin Pavilion, Sutra Pavilion, lecture hall and Fahua Spring, and reach Fahua Terrace at the top of the mountain.

Lushan Temple is one of the famous Dojo in the history of Buddhism in China! There are many eminent monks in the past dynasties, including Tan Jie, Quan Wu, Qian Zhi, Mahayana, Shou Lengyan, Hui Jing, Hui Qi, Walker, Jing Cen, Shan Hui, Zhi Hai and Hanshan Deqing. Famous religious leaders such as Zhiyi and Hanshan also went to Lushan Temple to give lectures and promote Buddhism. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (A.D. 589), Zhiyi, the founder of Tiantai Sect, traveled to Huajing and Hunan, and lived in Lushan Temple to lecture on Hokkekyo, preaching the teachings of Tiantai Sect such as "One Mind, Three Truths, Harmony" and the Zen method of "Loneliness", and preaching Tiantai Sect's masterpieces such as Fa Hua Wen Xuan, and later generations named its lecture hall as the lecture hall. This lecture hall has been destroyed, and the original site is in today's Cai E's tomb. Mahayana, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, and Tang Dezong went to Tibet to give lectures and preach Zen. At that time, Tibetan monks became popular, and more than 30 aristocratic women became monks. Later, people were sent from India to invite his disciple Lian Peanut to preach Indian Buddhism, so there was a three-year-long dispute between the two factions, which was called "the dispute between the two factions" or "the law of Lhasa". According to Tibetan history books, Mahayana returned to the mainland to practice in Yuelu Temple after the failure of the debate. The dispute between Mahayana and Lotus Peanut is still a research topic of international Buddhist scholars. There are many poets and monks in Lushan Temple in Song Dynasty, including Shan Yun, Wen Yi, Cong Yue, Su Qing, Mu Zhe, Wu Xin, Hui Hong, Zhi Cai and Zhi Hai. , which is the so-called ZTE period. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Deqing (1546- 1623), a master of Hanshan, was a monk who once lived in a temple to give lectures. Literary leaders at that time, such as Li Dongyang, Zhang Xun, Zhang Bangzheng, Jiang Xiyu, Tao Ruding, Feng Yidi and Hu, etc. Everyone followed suit and left a good sentence.

Lushan Temple has a long history of Buddhism, as well as profound Buddhist relics and cultural accumulation. The precious cultural relic preserved is the Lushan Temple Monument, which was carved in the ancient Lushan Temple in the 18th year of Tang Kaiyuan (730). There was a pavilion cover in the Ming Dynasty, which was embedded in the wall of Yuelu Academy in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty and was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The remains are now preserved in Hunan University. The monument is 2.72m high and1.33m wide. This was written by Li Yong, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription has four characters, namely "Lushan Temple Monument". The content describes the rise and fall of Lushan Temple from the early Jin Dynasty to the establishment of a monument in Kaiyuan, Tang Dynasty, the process of temple restoration and the Buddhist teachings passed down by Zen masters in previous dynasties, and also describes the scenery of Yuelu Mountain. Full text 65430. Mi Fei, one of the four great calligraphers in the Song Dynasty, wrote "Xiangyang Mi Fei came with the brilliance of Taoist priests, and Yuanfeng Gengshen Yuanri" with the word 16. The stele of Lushan Temple is the best of Han and Wei Bei, which has a great influence on the calligraphy art of later generations and is highly praised by calligraphers of all ages. Li Yong (678-747) was born in Jiangdu, Yangzhou. He is famous for his meticulous brushwork, acting and regular script, and is unique. This monument has a great influence on future generations. Su Shi and Mi Fei attacked the Basic Law slightly in the Song Dynasty, and Meng Yue, a calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote big characters with one mind. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang praised him as "the right army is like a dragon and the North Sea is like an elephant".

Yuelu Temple has a rich collection of Buddhist scriptures and ancient books, such as the Guanyin statues carved by Yan, Wu Daozi, Muxi and Guan Xiu's The Sixteen Classics, and the Autobiographical Gua embroidered in Huai Su cursive script.

Yuelu Temple is also the source of China's poems in the past dynasties: in the Tang Dynasty, Lushan Temple was in full swing, with a grand scale, magnificent halls and great reputation. Literati and men of letters rushed to travel, write poems, or write compositions, leaving us with a masterpiece that has been told through the ages: Du Fu has a poem "The temple gate is high, and the foot of the temple is inserted into the red sand lake". Han Yu, Li Yong, Liu Yuxi, Shen Chuanshi, Tang Fu, Wei Chan, Liu Changqing, Song Zhi, Cao Song, Luo Yin, Yugui and Rongxian all wrote poems and chanted Buddha for Songshan. In the Song Dynasty, the main hall of Yuelu Temple was changed to Yuelu Academy, which became one of the four major academies in China at that time. There are many poets and monks in the temple, such as Tan Zhi, satellites, meters, Tian Fang and Liu Yun, which is called the Zhongxing period. They are good at writing poems, calligraphy and painting, and writing works. The master's works include Yuelu Hengshu, Jian Man Pian, Yunnan and Wang. Master Wen Xing has written Masterpieces of Wonderful Methods, A Tour of Nanyue, Lu Yue's Miscellaneous Poems and Xiao Yun's Poems. Mi Fei is the author of Quotations from the Three Meetings, Poems on Living in Nanyue Mountain and Poems on Living in Yuelu Mountain. There are Wan Zhai's Poems in the sky, and there are three volumes of Lushan Temple Records, which make us have a deeper understanding of the history of Lushan Temple. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a monk named Hanshan who once lived in a temple to give lectures. Li Dongyang, Zhang Xun, Zhang Bangzheng, Jiang Xiyu, Tao Ruding, Feng Yidi, Hu et al. The literati also left a famous story.

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