Attached is the author's information of lesson 14 of the second volume of the sixth grade Chinese book "The Little Match Girl".

The author of The Little Match Girl is Andersen. Andersen was born in a shoemaker's family. Childhood life is poor. 1835 began to write fairy tales, 1846 published The Little Match Girl. At that time, a friend sent him a letter with three pictures and asked him to write a fairy tale to match one of them. He chose a picture depicting a poor little girl with a bunch of matches in her hand and matched it with this fairy tale. This is because Andersen's mother was a beggar when she was young. Andersen said, "My mother told me that she couldn't get anything from anyone. She felt very hungry when she sat down under a bridge. She put her hand into the water and dipped a few drops of water on her tongue, because she believed it would stop her hunger. At last she fell asleep and slept until the afternoon. " This painting naturally reminds Andersen of his mother's miserable childhood. The model of the little girl in the article is Andersen's mother.

☆ Learning objectives:

1. Make students understand the tragic experience of the little match girl freezing to death in the street on New Year's Eve, and expose the evils of capitalist society.

2. Master the learning methods of brain, mouth and hands. Understand the profound sentences in the text and realize the thoughts and feelings it expresses.

3. Learn the new words in this lesson.

4. Read the text with emotion.

The key and difficult points of learning: to understand the profound sentences in the text and realize the thoughts and feelings expressed by him;

☆ Learning content:

(1) Text:

1. Keywords:

Look it up in the dictionary.

"Soul" Search "Ghost" Department

(2) Pay attention to the pronunciation of Braille:

(4) Error-prone and confusing words:

Curled dry (warm) stem (matching stem)

Tired (tired) is choking (choking) for (supplying)

Tripping in a cupboard (window) or a freezer basket (cradle)

Plaid (Fence) Kitchen (Kitchen) Xinjiang (Frontier) Blue (Blue Sky)

2. Explanation of words:

Exquisite-good quality. Fine, exquisite and perfect; Here, good, exquisite.

Stumbling-clumsy legs and feet, walking slowly and wobbling.

Kindness-kindness, affection. This word is generally used by the elderly to address the young.

Soul-a kind of immaterial thing that superstitious people think is attached to a person's body as a master. If the soul leaves the body, people will die. )

(2) Focus on understanding the content:

1. This text mentions "Eve" several times. Under what circumstances? Experience its function.

Hint: Eve is mentioned three times in the text. The first time was at the beginning of the article, and it was written that the little girl went out to sell matches on the "eve". The second time, I wrote that the little girl was cold and hungry, walking shivering in the street, watching the lights coming from other people's windows and smelling the smell of roast goose. I couldn't forget that it was "New Year's Eve". The third time was about the little girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve.

The three references to "Eve" in the article are the specific time and environment where the story happened. Eve was supposed to be happy, but the little girl walked in the street on Eve, watching the lights coming in from other people's windows and smelling the smell of roast goose, and died in Eve's hunger and cold, which highlighted the little girl's misery and aroused people's sympathy and pity for her.

2. Read the following sentences, answer the questions in brackets and understand the meaning of the sentences:

Tip: These sentences with profound and difficult meanings should be read out loud from the text, grasp the key words, understand their literal meaning and the meaning in the context, that is, understand the purpose of the author's writing, that is, explain what? Express what? Expose what?

(1) "Snow fell on her long blond hair and rolled around her shoulders. It looked beautiful, but she didn't pay attention. Lights came through every window, and the street smelled of roast goose, because it was New Year's Eve-she wouldn't forget it. " What didn't she notice? What can't she forget? Why do you want to write like this? )

Tip: What the little girl didn't notice was her beautiful blonde hair, but what she couldn't forget was New Year's Eve. The beautiful blonde hair is covered with white snow flowers, which is really beautiful, but she can't care about it, because hunger and cold are around her, and what she needs more is warmth and food, especially on New Year's Eve, which is the happiest and most beautiful day of the year that people expect. In this way, we can see the little girl's longing for a better life, highlight the cold, hunger and miserable life of the little girl, and show how unreasonable that society is.

(2) "The next morning, the little girl sat in the corner, her cheeks were red and her mouth was smiling. She died and froze to death on the eve of the old year. " Since the little girls are frozen to death, why are they still "flushed and smiling"? )

Tip: This sentence means that the little girl froze to death, but no one knows that the little girl once saw a warm stove, a delicious roast goose, a beautiful Christmas tree and a loving grandmother in the fantasy of flying to heaven with her grandmother to find a life without cold, hunger and pain.

(3) "No one knows what wonderful things she has seen and how happy she is to spend the New Year with her grandmother." What does this sentence mean? What's the point of putting him at the end of the paper? )

Tip: The first happiness means that the little girl spent her whole life in a beautiful illusion and was happy before she died. The second happiness is that the little girl died, without cold, hunger, pain and complete happiness. Expressed the author's deep sympathy for the poor and strong dissatisfaction with the society at that time, and exposed the darkness of the society at that time. Because the little girl once imagined that her soul had flown to a place where there was no cold, no hunger and no pain. She died in such a beautiful fantasy, so her cheeks were red and her mouth was smiling.

Putting him at the end of the full text makes us feel that the little girl yearns for a better life before she dies, but she can only see what she wants in the illusion, but the ending is freezing to death in the street. The beautiful illusion is in sharp contrast with the cold reality, which makes us hate the evil capitalist society and deeply sympathize with the little girl's misfortune.

Explain words and make sentences

[Slippers] Shoes without uppers at the back.

Furniture for babies to sleep in. Shaped slightly like a basket, it can be shaken to make the baby fall asleep easily.

[Apron] Something that is worn around the front to protect clothes or the body when working.

Tremble: The body trembles from physical or psychological stimulation. The shivering in this class means that hunger and cold make the little girl tremble all over. The northwest wind blew Hao Humboldt.

[Roasted Goose] A goose roasted in a special oven.

[Christmas Tree] Pine trees and fir trees used for Christmas are decorated with small candles, toys and gifts. Christmas is a festival for Christians to commemorate the birth of Jesus. Most churches stipulate that 65438+February 25th is Christmas Day.

New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. Also called New Year's Eve.

A businessman with a lot of property.

[Window] refers to the shop window facing the street, which is used to display samples of goods.

[Soul] (1) People who believe in superstition believe that an immaterial thing attached to the human body dominates human activities, and the soul dies after leaving the body. 2 character, conscience. This lesson is a superstitious saying that a person has a soul, and after death, the soul ascends to heaven.

Describe the aroma overflowing 】 【 aroma is very strong. : Exodus The food on the table gives off fragrant heat.

Poverty and hardship. Exodus: At that time, their family lived a poor life.

synonym

Strange (strange) poverty (poverty) kindness (kindness)

antonym

Fast warming;

Extremely kind

Bright and happy

Meaning discrimination

[Warm and mild] is an adjective, meaning neither too cold nor too hot. "Warmth" emphasizes not being cold, which means "making people feel comfortable", and is mostly used in climate and sunshine. "tenderness" emphasizes that there is no indifference, which can be used in climate and environment, as well as temperament, attitude and speech.

Interpretation of difficult sentences

1. "She was wearing a pair of slippers when she came out from home, but what's the use? That's a pair of big slippers-so big that her mother always wears them. "

This shows that the little girl's family is poor. She doesn't have her own shoes. She goes out in the cold winter and wears a pair of big slippers. Even such big slippers have always been worn by her mother.

Dare she take out a bundle of matches and light them on the wall to warm her little hands? She finally pulled out one.

The little girl wants to draw one out of many matches and warm her hands. She didn't sell matches, but she lit one herself. Her father will hit her. Does she dare? The unbearable cold drove her to the last straw and finally pulled out one.

They all flew away in light and happiness, flying higher and higher, and flew to places where there was no cold, hunger and pain.

This is the little girl's fantasy, which shows that the little girl has only cold, hunger and pain in that real world. If you want to be "neither cold nor hungry nor painful", you can only overthrow the social system in which that person exploits others.

No one knows what wonderful things she has seen and how happy she is to spend the New Year with her grandmother.

The little girl died with a smile. When people saw her small body, they simply said, "She wants to warm up", and no one paid any attention to her. But the author went deep into the little girl's heart before she died. She has seen many beautiful things, although they are hallucinations; "How happy she used to be with her grandmother" has won the love of the world. Grandma took her to see Happy New Year, and she died with such a beautiful wish. And these are "no one knows".

Appreciation of good sentences

1. Poor little girl! Cold and hungry, she walked forward trembling. Snowflakes fell on her long golden hair and rolled on her shoulders. It looked beautiful, but she didn't pay attention. Every window was lit, and the street smelled of roast goose, because it was New Year's Eve-she couldn't forget it.

The little girl has blond hair and lovely curly hair hanging freely over her shoulders. This shows that this is a beautiful little girl. However, she has no mind to care about her beauty. All she wants is that today is New Year's Eve-the last day of the year. On such a happy and warm night, she walked barefoot in the cold and dark street, eagerly watching the lights coming through the rich man's window and smelling the smell of roast goose floating in the street helplessly. Just because she is a child of a poor family, even on such a night, she must come out to sell matches and earn some money to make a living for her family. What a poor girl! This description deeply reveals the author's sympathy for the little girl.

This is a strange fire!

This "strange" fire made the little girl see the warm stove, which made her feel warm and satisfied for a short time. In this "cold and dark night" where snowflakes are flying all over the sky, it is really commendable for a little girl with bare feet, black and blue feet, curled legs and almost frozen hands.

She quickly struck a whole match to keep her grandmother. For little girls, there is no light or warmth in this world. The appearance of grandma made her miss it very much. She clearly knows that her kind and gentle grandmother will disappear as soon as the match goes out. So, regardless of everything, she struck a "big handful" of matches "quickly". This sentence reflects the little girl's strong yearning for a better life and the coldness of social reality at that time.

A Brief Introduction to Andersen's Life and Works

Andersen

(Hans Christian Andersen)

(Denmark)

( 1805—— 1875)

Andersen is a famous Danish fairy tale writer in the19th century and the founder of world literary fairy tales. He was born in a poor shoemaker's family in odense. He studied in a charity school and was an apprentice in his early years. Influenced by his father and folk oral literature, he loved literature since childhood. 1 1 years old, my father died of illness and my mother remarried. In order to pursue art, he came to Copenhagen alone at the age of 14. After eight years of struggle, I finally showed my talent in the poetic drama Alfonso. Therefore, he was sent to Srager Segrammar School and Helsingo School for free by the Royal Art Theatre. It lasted for five years. 1828 went to Gorhagen University. I haven't had a job since graduation, and I mainly rely on the manuscript fee to make a living. 1838, he won a writer's prize-an unofficial allowance from the state for 200 yuan every year.

Andersen never got married, and died at the home of his friend and businessman Melchior on August 4th, 1875. Andersen's literary career began at 1822. In his early days, he mainly wrote poems and plays. After entering the university, the creation has become increasingly mature. He has published travel notes, musical comedies, poetry collections and poetic dramas. The novel Impromptu Poet published by 1833 has won him an international reputation and is his masterpiece of adult literature.

"In order to strive for the next generation", Andersen decided to write fairy tales for children and published A Story for Children. In the next few years, such a collection of fairy tales will be published every Christmas. Later, he continued to publish new works, and it was not until 1872 that he gradually stopped writing because of cancer. In the past 40 years, * * * has written 168 fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales have a unique artistic style: poetic beauty and comedy humor. The former is the dominant style, which is mostly reflected in eulogistic fairy tales, while the latter is mostly reflected in satirical fairy tales.

Andersen's creation can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late. Early fairy tales are full of beautiful fantasy and optimistic spirit, which embodies the combination of realism and romanticism. Representative works include Light Box, Flowers of Little Significance, Thumbelina, Daughter of the Sea, Wild Swan and Ugly Duckling. In the middle fairy tale, the fantasy component is weakened and the reality component is relatively enhanced. In lashing ugliness and praising beauty, it shows the persistent pursuit of a better life, and also reveals the melancholy mood of lack of self-confidence. Representative works include The Little Match Girl, dairy queen, Shadow, A Drop of Water, Mother's Story, Puppet Player, etc. Fairy tales in the later period are more realistic than those in the middle period, focusing on describing the tragic fate of the bottom people and exposing the coldness and darkness of social life and the injustice of the world. The tone of the work is low. Representative works include Dream under the Willow, She is a Waste, Nightcap of a Bachelor, Lucky Beauty and so on.

Andersen chronology

1805 was born in odense on April 2nd.

181611My father died at the age of 0.

18 19 14 years old, he left home alone to seek creative opportunities in Copenhagen.

1822 published the trial collection in August, including poetry, drama and stories. This collection was not published because of its humble origins, but it attracted the attention of some people in the cultural circle. 10 In June, he entered a middle school missionary school to supplement his culture, studied for six years, and felt painful about his own educational methods; However, in the past six years, I have read many famous books, practiced writing poems and practicing writing plays. 1827, leave school and return to Copenhagen. The published poems were praised by high-level critics and inspired Andersen's confidence in writing.

1829 wrote a long fantasy travel note "A Roaming in Amag Island" and published it. The first edition has been sold out. The publisher immediately bought the second edition on generous terms, so Andersen got rid of the oppression of hunger. The comedy Love on the nikolayev Tower was staged at the Royal Opera House. In the same year, the first book of poetry was published.

1830, the first love failed. Start a trip; The second book of poetry was published.

183 1- 1834, love failed again and mother died. Soon after, she published a long autobiographical novel, The Impromptu Poet.

At the age of 30, 1835 began to write fairy tales, and published the first collection of fairy tales, with only 6 1 page pamphlets, including four articles: Light Box, Little Klaus and Big Klaus, Princess on Pea and Little Flower. His works have not received unanimous praise. Some people even thought that he had no talent for writing fairy tales and suggested that he give up, but Andersen said, "This is my immortal work!" " "

1844, wrote an autobiographical work "Ugly Duckling".

1846, he wrote about the little match girl.

1970' s longest work, Lucky Belle, with more than 70,000 words, is based on her own life experience, but it is not entirely an autobiography.

1867 was elected as an honorary citizen by his hometown of odense.

1in the early morning of August 4th, 875 1 1, died of liver cancer in a friend's country house. The funeral was extremely tragic, at the age of 70.

Catalogue of Andersen's works:

Novel (6): Impromptu Poet (1835), Ault (1836), just a violinist (1837), two baroness (1848) and Born. Death "(1857)," luck "(1870).

Script (25): poetic drama Afsol (1822? ), Love in the Bell Tower of St. Nicholas Church (1829), The Bride of Lammermoor (1832), The Raven (1832), The Mermaid of Gennart (1834). Murato people (1840), the daughter of Moors (1840), the flower of happiness (1844), the one-act drama The King's Dream (1844), the bird in the pear tree (1. 850), new house (65433 comedy Born Not Noble (1863), comedy Long Bridge (1863), three-act drama Spanish Guest (1865), one-act drama Newcomer (age unknown)

Travel Notes (6): 1828 and 1829 (1829) Walking from the Hollmen Canal to the eastern corner of Amar Island, Sweden tourism (185 1), Spanish scenery (1838).

Autobiography (3): Biography (1832), the true story of my life (1847), my fairy tale life (1855).

Poetry (4): poetry anthology (1, 1829), poetry anthology (2, 1830), poetry anthology fantasy and reality (1830), poetry anthology is twelve months a year (1832).

And fairy tales.

The apprentice is the son of a poor shoemaker, and his mother is a widow on the verge of begging, who makes a living by washing clothes for others. When Andersen was a child, he not only often dealt with hunger, but also was despised by people everywhere. However, he had a whimsical ambition, which was considered out of proportion to his background at that time-he wanted to be an artist, a ballet dancer, a singer, an artist who performed life and created beauty on the stage. To this end, he became a laughing stock in the eyes of ordinary vulgar people. But he was not discouraged at all.

/kloc-When he was 0/4 years old, Andersen left his hometown of odense and went to Copenhagen, the cultural center at that time, to pursue his ideal with dozens of copper coins saved by his grandmother and mother. It is not difficult to imagine what fate awaited him in that bleak society at that time. Hunger and mental shock are inextricably linked with him. But he overcame all kinds of difficulties with tenacious perseverance. Although poverty and the resulting diseases tortured his body, destroyed his figure and voice and prevented him from becoming a stage artist, he finally achieved his goal with strong will: he became a fairy tale writer loved by hundreds of millions of children all over the world. The beauty and poems in fairy tales he created have become inexhaustible spiritual wealth and artistic treasures of mankind!

Hans christian andersen (1805- 1875) is a great Danish fairy tale writer. He is known as "the father of modern fairy tales" and "the founder of world fairy tales". He was born on April 2, 2005 in a slum in odense, the Danish island of Fiying, and received a good university education. His father, a poor shoemaker, volunteered to serve against Napoléon Bonaparte's aggression and died in 18 16. My mother is a laundryman and remarried soon. Andersen was tortured by poverty since he was a child. He was an apprentice in several shops and had no formal education. As a teenager, he was interested in the stage and dreamed of becoming a singer, actor or playwright. 18 19 became a small role in the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen. Later, he was fired for losing his voice. From then on, I began to learn to write, but the script I wrote was completely unsuitable for performance, and no theater was willing to adopt it. 1822 sponsored by drama director Jonas Colin, attended a grammar school in Lehrer. This year, he wrote a book. Some stories show optimistic belief that goodness and beauty will prevail, while others are very pessimistic and have extremely unfortunate endings. Part of the reason why his story is so attractive is that he sympathizes with the unfortunate and homeless. He also wrote plays, novels, poems, travel notes and several autobiographies. His works include The Ugly Duckling, The Daughter of the Sea, The Nightingale and The Little Match Girl. Among them, The Ugly Duckling, The Emperor's New Clothes and The Little Match Girl were selected as Chinese textbooks.

When Andersen was a child, he not only often dealt with hunger, but also was despised by people everywhere. However, in his heart, there is a "fantasy" that is not commensurate with his background at that time-he wants to be a great artist, an elegant ballet dancer, a great singer and an artist who performs life and creates "beauty" on the stage. To this end, he became a laughing stock in the eyes of ordinary vulgar people. But he was not discouraged at all, but vowed to do better.

Andersen/KLOC-left his hometown of odense at the age of 0/4. What kind of fate awaited him in that bleak society at that time? Hunger and mental shock are inextricably linked with him. But he overcame all kinds of difficulties with tenacious perseverance. Although poverty and the resulting diseases tortured his body, destroyed his figure and voice and prevented him from becoming a stage artist, he finally achieved his goal with strong will: he became a fairy tale writer loved by hundreds of millions of children all over the world. The beauty and poems he created in fairy tales have become inexhaustible spiritual wealth and artistic treasures of mankind.

1in the early morning of August 4th, 875 1 1, died of liver cancer in a friend's country house. The funeral was extremely tragic, at the age of 70.

Andersen's literary career began at 1822. In his early days, he mainly wrote poems and plays. After entering the university, the creation has become increasingly mature. He has published travel notes, musical comedies, poetry collections and poetic dramas.

Andersen's fairy tales have a unique artistic style: poetic beauty and comedy humor. The former is the dominant style, which is mostly reflected in eulogistic fairy tales, while the latter is mostly reflected in satirical fairy tales.

Andersen has written three autobiographies, which reflect his unfortunate life experiences and social contradictions in Denmark, and have profound reality and popularity.

The fairy tale master worked tirelessly all his life and dedicated his genius and life to the "future generation". Until three years before his death, * * * wrote 168 fairy tales and stories. His works have been translated into more than 80 languages. With his poetic and humorous style, he changed the face of modern fairy tales and began to create fairy tales. The most commendable thing is that Andersen's works shine with the brilliance of universal humanity and transcend different countries, races and cultures, so they are timeless and have been repeatedly told by people all over the world. The great achievements of Andersen's fairy tales in art and thought are unparalleled so far.