Brief introduction of Anbaili religion

As a Buddhist sect, Anbailism was formed in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty. As a Buddhist heresy, that is, a folk secret sect, Anbalism appeared in the last leaf of Yuan Dynasty. Anbaili religion, which originated in the late Yuan Dynasty, is the product of the increasingly secularization of pure land belief in Buddhism and the integration of Mimo and Zoroastrianism, and the original source of Anbaili religion is the pure land belief advocated by Hui Yuan, a monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Since Buddhism was introduced into China in the Han Dynasty, there have been endless movements of establishing Buddhist temples, translating Buddhist scriptures and seeking dharma in the West. As far back as the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was an ideological trend that the famous monk Dade prayed for the pure land of the Buddha country. The so-called pure land in Buddhism can be divided into Maitreya Pure Land and Amitabha Pure Land. Jin An (3 12-385), a master, preached the pure land of Maitreya, and once led his disciples to take an oath in front of the Buddha statue of Maitreya, vowing to go to the pure land of Maitreya-a trip to heaven. Hui Yuan (334-4 16), the great ancestor of Daoan, was more enthusiastic about the pure land of Amitabha. He personally led his disciples to take an oath in front of the statue of Amitabha in Yuntai, Lushan, and lived together in the pure land of Amitabha-the western paradise. Hui Yuan has lived in Lushan Mountain for more than 20 years. Although he never left Kuanglu, he often wrote letters to the upper class, especially dignitaries, and even had contacts with the emperor, which made him famous. Xie Lingyun, a poet who is proud of your talent, is also deeply impressed by Hui Yuan. He once dug a pond in front of Tolin Temple to plant white lotus, which is the origin of Hui Yuan's creation of white lotus. Different from the pure land of Maitreya advocated by Daoan and connected with the secular world, the pure land of Amitabha advocated by Hui Yuan is a paradise of perfection and beauty, so both doctrine and practice are too solemn, lofty and lack vitality. As a result, some masters of Tommy's pure land thought began to secularize it. First of all, Tan Man (477-543), a monk of the Northern Wei Dynasty, made a popular explanation of the Pure Land Sutra of Amitabha, which simplified the practice method. He wrote notes about his past life, etc. And created two theories of "difficult to do" and "easy to do", preaching that the world is turbid, and it is difficult to "get rid of" on your own without the help of Buddha. The doctrine of "liberation" by self-reliance is "difficult", while it is "easy" to go to the pure land by the will of the Buddha, that is, by other forces. He believes that as long as he devotes himself to the title of "Amitabha in the south", he can die in the western paradise on his deathbed. Then, Daochu (562-645), a monk in the early Tang Dynasty, further secularized Amitabha's belief in pure land. His greatest contribution is that chanting Buddha by mouth has basically replaced imagining chanting Buddha, and he strongly advocates that relying on Amitabha to live in the pure land of western bliss is the only way out. His disciple Shan Dao (6 13-68 1) wrote Watching Endless Life and Ode to Past Lives. This paper expounds the theoretical basis of establishing the Sect, forms a complete document of the Pure Land Sect, and thus formally establishes the Pure Land Sect. History shows that countless monks and secular believers were enlightened by good guidance at that time, and Amitabha's belief in pure land was greatly developed. The founder of Anbalism is generally believed to be Mao Ziyuan, a monk of Yanshen Temple in Wu Jun (now Jiangsu) during the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is a Buddhist sect founded according to Tiantai Sect, and its purpose is to believe in the pure land of Amitabha. Mao Ziyuan was born in Kunshan, Pingjiang (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province). Parents died young. /kloc-became a monk at the age of 0/9, and studied under the famous monk Tiantai Sect, practicing Zen. Mao Ziyuan's life first appeared in Zongjian's Interpretation of Orthodox Religion (1237A. d)。 The book's four volumes, Rejecting Fake, said: The so-called White Lotus Sect, shaman Mao Ziyuan of Xiang Yan Academy in Wu Jun County, Shaoxing, studied under the northern Zen Sect, and published Four Earths in Harmony and Confessions in Courtesy according to the imitation of Tiantai Sect. Its name is Bai Lian Cai Ren, also known as Li Shuocai with milk hair. It is said that those who have a division will commit evil and be caught in Jiangzhou. Later, Yue Li, the kitten, regained the remaining party, but his point of view was not as good as Ziyuan's and Bai Jiao's. It was not without mistakes. He just wanted to protect students and hide people's eyes and ears. The so-called "White Cloud" ... has a wide following, and several of them are from Bai Lianhua, especially his wife's ears are different. It is said that one day, he sat quietly in the middle and heard the crow's cry, only to realize that he was praising this day: "I have been searching for paper for more than 20 years, looking around and thinking carefully." "Suddenly, when I heard a kind crow, I believed I had made a mistake in the past. So he changed to the pure land and benefited him. Mu Huiyuan's legacy is, "Persuade people to convert to the three treasures, accept the five precepts, don't kill one, don't steal three, don't commit adultery four, don't drink five, recite the five precepts of Amitabha Buddha, and the good results from jing yuan, in order to make the world clean five, weak and turbid. "It is a summary of the main points, compiled into" Bai Lianhua Morning Etiquette ",as a way for all beings in the legal world to repent and pray for life safety. Later, he went to Dianshan Lake, founded Anbaili Confession Hall and became a fellow practitioner. On "Integration of Four Places and Three Views into the Buddhist Map"

Open the eyes of Lotus Gang. "Because both Mao Ziyuan and this good teacher respect Hui Yuan as their ancestors, and claim to be descendants of Anbaili Society, the An Baili House he founded is also considered as a school of Pure Land Sect, known as An Baili or An Baili. Zi Yuan's teacher, Brahma Master of Northern Zen, also known as Fan Jing of Northern Zen (1052-1128a.d.), is the 13th generation descendant of the third Tiantai Sect of ZTE. He is a better teacher than Guo Siyong and devoted himself to Amitabha. He is famous for studying Hokkekyo, ritual confession and Zen, so Ziyuan can. From the above, we can't see any criticism of Zong Jian, but it seems that some people in the education circle didn't take him seriously at that time, so they sued the authorities for demonizing him and recorded the fact that they were exiled to Jiangzhou. However, Zong Jian pointed out that the fatal wound of Anbaili's future chaos lies in the "white dress" system. When the Buddha established religion, it was stipulated that only monks who gave up their love and disowned their relatives and became monks and nuns could preach, that is, to distinguish monks and nuns, to establish the purity of missionaries and to make the teaching method last for a long time. Moreover, none of the disciples who were forbidden by the Eight Guanting Pavilion at home could preach, not to mention being forbidden only by the Five Commandments. Although Zi Yuan allows disciples at home who are only bound by the Five Commandments to preach, it has its historical background. However, in the view of Pan Zhi, a Tiantai disciple who attaches great importance to learning from his teacher, this kind of behavior is tantamount to betraying the clan and is the scum of the sect. Therefore, Zi Yuan made a Tatar-style attack. In his book History of Buddhism (A.D. 1269), Fa Yun Tong Sai Zhi, that is: The world is like a week, but it is screaming and embarrassing; Taoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi have truth and spirituality; There are clear reasons and children to explain the essence of human nature, and believing in three religions also has its disadvantages. The so-called "Four Tu Tu Slaughters" stole the motto of Taizong and attached miscellaneous words, all of which showed contempt. The author of confessions in the morning will summarize seven confessions in Ciyun, especially a book. I don't know what to do. Four songs similar to woodcutter's songs, five Buddha poems about ten, named Bai Lianhua, are entrusted to ancestors; Calling a mentor is tantamount to becoming a Buddha; The pseudonym is pure, and how can it be immoral to devote yourself to the journey of rape? Pan Zhi thinks that Zi Yuan is out of the rooftop, so why did he set up another portal to separate himself from his teacher? Wearing a cassock, why do you violate the same rules as the Buddha? So Zi Yuan was reprimanded as "No". "White Lotus Sect" was wrongly entrusted to her ancestors; Calling a mentor equals becoming a Buddha. These criticisms all stem from sectarian standpoint and Buddhist ethics. Zhu Shaya Zhang also doubted in his article "About White Lotus": "If you give a title to the teacher of White Lotus, contemporary writers will not slander him like this." , perhaps this factor, so the fourth volume of Treasure Mirror, Biography of Master Cizhao (1304A. D) The relationship between Zi Yuan and Tiantai is avoided, which shows that Zi Yuan became a monk by joining the Xiang Yan Temple in Honshu, reciting the Beijing Classic, and fell asleep at the age of 19, learning to stop observing Zen. ..... A group of important words in the Tripitaka are compiled into Confessions of the Lotus People in the Morning Dynasty, and the book ...... The Buddhist pictures are selected from four places and three views, which describes the eyes of the Lotus Sect. Not to mention Zi Yuan at all, the book of rites of the Lotus Patriarch in the morning dynasty, and the Buddhist pictures selected by the four places and three views are all based on Tiantai Sect. At the same time, in response to Pan Zhi's criticism, he interpreted the title of "Bai Lian Mentor" as a gift from the emperor, not for Ziyuan's own self-interest, and called himself Zu Lizong. Teaching in Youtan (A.D. 1255- 1330a) (A.D. 1308a.) (collected in Lushan Mountain Re-Tibet), that is, the cloud: On the avenue of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong Wen Ziyuan perfected his profession, appointed a road and promoted it. After Mao Ziyuan founded An Baili, he claimed to be Anbaili's mentor, and his disciple was named Anbaili Cairen. He doesn't have to become a monk and wish to get rich, but he can live in a fire house, marry and have children, and practice with men and women, so that "foolish men and women" can move to the other side to prove their lure and settle in the field. "Thus, the White Lotus Sect got rid of the strict precepts of orthodox Buddhism and allowed secular men and women to practice pure karma together in the ancestral temple. This is indeed unprecedented in the history of Buddhism, and it is also a pioneering work in the religious history of China. It not only adapts to the secular life of ordinary people, but also conforms to the Confucian ethical tradition inherent in China society. At the same time, it meets the religious requirements of a large number of believers, so it has won the support and admiration of the lower class. Because of this, it soon attracted criticism and even framed by the ruling authorities and orthodox Buddhism. However, when Mao Ziyuan preached the Dharma, Zoroastrianism was in vogue. He accepted many apprentices, joined a Buddhist worship group and went to the pure land. In the view of the ruling authorities, this is quite like Zoroastrianism, and he is suspected of gathering people to confuse the people to revolt. However, he collects Buddhist scriptures, but he doesn't respect Buddhist rules. He is neither fish nor fowl, mixed with men and women, and his disciples are all stupid men and women in the wasteland, and even attracted by adultery between men and women. In the view of orthodox Buddhism, of course, it is a big violation and will be among the fallacies. Therefore, the White Lotus Sect was "regarded as a teacher" shortly after its appearance, and was finally banned by the authorities for "evil crimes", and Mao Ziyuan was also exiled to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). This religious plan took place in Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty. However, after Xiaozong succeeded to the throne, judging from the activities of Anbalism, it seems that he did not break away from orthodox Buddhism. The attacks on religion by Buddhist orthodoxy such as becoming a monk and releasing Tiantai Sect are precisely the struggles between different sects in Buddhism, so not only did Mao Ziyuan be pardoned immediately, but he also sent a letter in the second year of Zhongdao (1 166) and summoned Mao in Deshou Hall. Mao Ziyuan won this award and said, "I would like to thank the saints at Zhaoqing Temple in Qiantang West Lake, and return to Pingjiang after the Buddhist ceremony. ".Mao Ziyuan" vowed that the people of the earth would shine on all living beings and take four words as the names of various sects. "It is precisely because of this that the names of An Baili believers are given by four words: tong, Ming, Miao and Dao."

Reference:. qid=700703280 1405

Ambry is a folk religious organization. According to legend, Anbalism is a branch of Buddhism, which was founded by Mao Ziyuan in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong for three years (1 133). Because believers "respect onions and milk, don't kill anything, don't drink alcohol", it is also called An Baili, and later it gradually evolved into a non-governmental organization. During the Southern Song Dynasty, as a branch of Buddhism, worshipping Amitabha mixed Zoroastrianism and Maitreya, which did not spread widely and had little influence. With the relaxation of religious policy in Yuan Dynasty, Anbaili religion was once publicly spread, preaching "Maitreya was born" and "Wang Ming was born", and its influence penetrated into the Jianghuai and Yangtze River valley areas in Henan, Anhui and China. Later, there were differences within the sects, and one faction began to resist the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty (1308) and the second year of Yingzong (1322), the imperial court ordered the banning of An Baili. In the 11th year of Yuan Shundi (135 1), the Yuan Dynasty forced civilian workers to block the Yellow River, which triggered a nationwide Red Scarf Army uprising. The Red Scarf Army is closely related to the White Lotus Sect. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang attached himself to the Han Uprising of Zoroastrianism, declaring that "darkness is about to pass and light is coming", which is actually a branch of Bailian religion. After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in the early Ming Dynasty, he knew the threat of White Lotus Sect to the empire, accepted Li Shanchang's suggestion and banned White Lotus Sect many times. "Ming Fa" stipulates that "the leader is twisted, and the follower has a hundred sticks and flows for three thousand miles." In the forty-three years of Wanli, White Lotus reached its peak. "Recently, the demon monks got together to give lectures and held money rounds. A nirvana faction, a red faction, and a Lao Tzu faction. There are also Luo Zu, Nanwu, Kong Jing, Enlightenment and Dacheng Wuwei, all of which are afraid of the name Bailian. " After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, Anbaili religion added many tribes, such as Laoguanzhai and Bagua religion, with various names. Together with the old tribes, there are as many as 100 species, and the doctrine is even more complicated. In the Qing Dynasty, the white lotus believers took resistance as their own responsibility, advocated "the return of the sun and the moon" and raised the banner of anti-Qing and regaining sight, which was hit back by the Qing Dynasty. During the periods of Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Anbaili religious activities were frequent. In the late Qianlong period, the national strength of the Qing Dynasty declined gradually, which was the heyday of Anbalism, which was widely popular in northeast and southern provinces, among which Mahayana was the most popular. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), Qingshui Wang Lun rose up. During the Jiaqing period, Anbaili religion combined with local people, which led to religious chaos in Sichuan and Chu. Until modern times, Anbailism did not disappear, but it changed qualitatively. Lao Naixuan, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote A Study on the Origin of the Boxer Rebellion, arguing that the Boxer Rebellion originated from Anbailism, but this theory was questioned by later historians. According to the textual research of Zhang Ming, a modern historian, the Boxer Rebellion which entered Beijing in the year of Gengzi slaughtered not only foreigners, foreigners, but also white lotus believers. (See also Wang Diandian). Anbaili religion spread widely among the people, and many heroes appeared, which was also reflected in Pu Songling's story.