Author Zhu Ziqing's information

Zhu Ziqing (1898165438+1October 22nd-65438+August 0948 12)

Formerly known as Zhu Zihua,No. Qiushi, the word Peixian. Modern famous writers, scholars, poets and democratic fighters. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he was born in Haizhou, Jiangsu Province (now Lianyungang) and later settled in Yangzhou with his parents. Zhu Ziqing's mother, Zhu Zeyu, whose real name was Yu, changed her surname because she inherited the Zhujiajian family. Being cautious, he served as a judge in Haizhou, Jiangsu Province during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty 10 for more than 0 years. My father's name is Hong Jun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and is a scholar.

In the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1), Hongjun Zhu went from Haizhou to Shaobo Town, belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou. Zhu Ziqing's wife is named Chen Zhuyin. When I was a child, I studied in a private school and was influenced by the traditional culture of China.

19 12 entered the first year of primary school. Zhu Ziqing lived in Yangzhou for 13 years and spent his childhood and adolescence in Yangzhou. His feelings about this life in the ancient city are subtle and complicated. Perhaps life is too monotonous, so he later said that there is only a "thin shadow" left in his childhood memory, "just like being washed away by the flood, it is shocking to be lonely!" However, in the long and tortuous journey of life, childhood is the first "post station" after all. Yangzhou is a famous cultural city with beautiful scenery, with lakes and mountains and pleasant scenery. Many poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo and Ouyang Xiu, have been lingering here, seeking seclusion and success, and have written many magnificent poems. Yangzhou is also a heroic historical city. In the history of resisting foreign aggression, it has written countless brilliant chapters and left many touching stories. The beautiful scenery and rich cultural atmosphere of the ancient city virtually cultivated the temperament of young Zhu Ziqing, and cultivated his peaceful and upright character and interest in natural beauty. The beautiful landscape of Yangzhou, like rain and dew, moistens his heart, nourishes his feelings, enriches his imagination and makes his feelings full of poetry and painting forever. Yangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, had a subtle and far-reaching influence on him.

19 16 After graduating from high school, Zhu Ziqing was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College. Go to sleep, little man. 19 19 was written in February. It was his first poem. He was a participant in the May 4th patriotic movement and embarked on the literary road under the influence of the May 4th wave. Mao Zedong once praised Zhu Ziqing's backbone, saying that he was "seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive American' relief food'".

65438-0920 After graduating from the Philosophy Department of Peking University, he taught middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and took an active part in the New Literature Movement. Poetry Magazine was founded by Yu Pingbo and others in 1922, and it was the earliest poetry publication in the birth period of new poetry. He is a member of the early literature research society.

The long poem "Sinking" was published in 1923. At this time, he also wrote beautiful essays such as "Paddle Shadows and Lights Shadow Qinhuai River".

1August, 925, taught in Tsinghua University and began to study China's classical literature. The creation is mainly prose.

1927' s Back and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond are well-known masterpieces. 193 1 year, he studied in Britain and roamed Europe. After returning home, he wrote some miscellaneous notes about Europe.

1September, 932, director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out 1937, moved south to Kunming with the school, and served as a professor at National Southwest Associated University, teaching courses such as Song poetry and literary studies. During this period, I wrote the semantic shadow of prose.

1946 returned to Beijing from Kunming as the director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

1947, Zhu Ziqing signed the declaration of thirteen professors. Protest against the arbitrary arrest of the masses by the authorities. Zhu Ziqing suffered from a serious stomach trouble in his later years. His monthly salary is only enough to buy three bags of flour, which is not enough for his family 12, and he has no money to treat diseases. At that time, the Kuomintang colluded with the United States to launch a civil war, and the United States implemented a policy of aiding Japan. One day, Wu Han asked Zhu Ziqing to sign the declaration of "Protesting American aid policy to Japan and refusing to accept American aid flour". He resolutely signed his name and said, "I would rather die of poverty and illness than accept such insulting charity." In August of this year (1948) and 12, Zhu Ziqing was poor and died in Beijing. Before he died, he told his wife, "I signed a document rejecting American flour, and our family will never buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang again." Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept "relief food" from the United States, which showed the backbone of China people. After Zhu Ziqing's death, he was buried in Wan 'an Cemetery near Xiangshan, and the words "Tsinghua University Professor Zhu Ziqing's Tomb" were engraved on the tombstone. 1990, his wife Chen Zhuyin died and was buried with her husband.

Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature and was first famous for his poems. Published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. Since the mid-1920s, he has devoted himself to the creation of prose, including the collection of essays "Back", "European Miscellanies", "You and Me" and "London Miscellanies", as well as the collection of essays "Standards and Measurement" and "On Elegance and Vulgarity". His prose includes landscape writing, travel notes, lyric poetry and prose. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", showing the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children and For the Dead Wife, he set up a model of "conversational" prose with strong literariness and naturalness. Finally, the mixed feelings of poets, scholars and fighters are unified with subtle language and interesting reasons. He contributed to the construction of the concise, lyrical and natural style of modern prose. As a scholar, Zhu Ziqing has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, the history of new literature and Chinese education. He is the author of Essays on New Poems, Arguments on Poems' Expression and Intention, Frequently Talking about Classics, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and Outline of China New Literature Research Lectures, etc. His works were included in The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Jiangsu Education Press). Zhu Ziqing was diligent all his life, with 26 kinds of poems, comments and academic research works, with more than two million words. His posthumous works were compiled into Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing and Poems of Zhu Ziqing.

Zhu Ziqing's articles, such as "Hurry" and "Spring", have been included in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools in China.

Edit this paragraph

work

1922, Snow Dynasty (Poetry)

1924, Business Traces (Poetry and Prose)

1928, behind Yadong Library (Prose Collection)

1934, Ming Kai's travels in Europe (essays)

1936, enlighten you and me (prose collection)

1943, London business magazine (essays)

1945, Enlightenment Chinese Teaching (Essay)

1946, Ming Kai's classic talk (essay)

1947, Wen Guang's Poems, Words and Meaning (Poetics)

1947, Ming Kai's miscellaneous poems (poetics)

1948, standards and scales of writers' bookstores (essay)

1948, Wenguang Chinese Collection (Prose)

1948, On Suiting the Elegant and Popular (essay) by Mingshan Bookstore.

1953, Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-4).

198 1 year, an enlightened collection of Zhu Ziqing's classical literature (Volume I)

1983, Book Review Collection of Prefaces and Postscripts of Ancient Books by Zhu Ziqing (essay).

1986, Sanlian "Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing"

1988, Complete Works of Baihua Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-3)

Edit this paragraph

Introduction of works

Introduction of works

Zhu Ziqing was diligent all his life, with 26 kinds of poems, comments and academic research works, with more than two million words. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. Second, a number of essays, represented by figures, children and bereaved women, mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, a group of lyric sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the creation of modern literary prose, and his technique of describing landscape in vernacular Chinese is the most attractive. For example, in "Green", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are described delicately and profoundly by means of metaphor and contrast, and the writing style is deliberately demanding, showing superb skills in controlling language and writing.

His superb writing skills are vividly displayed in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in the moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in the blue sky and a beauty bathed in it; When describing the delicate fragrance of lotus flowers, use the phrase "like a faint song floating from a distant building" to compare the delicate fragrance to a song and a faint fragrance. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, in simple narration, expressing sincere and deep feelings in plain language. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and enterprising spirit, such as "The Cost of Life-70 cents" and "White Man-God's favorite"! They are all masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is back. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family background and his father's deep love for his son. Li Guangtian said in the article "The Most Complete Personality": "The number of lines behind is less than 50, and the number of words is only 1500 words ... Because this short passage was selected into the Chinese textbook for middle school students, in the eyes of middle school students, the word' Zhu Ziqing' has become an inseparable whole with the back." What is said here is the situation before liberation. As for the post-liberation, fewer people chose "Back", while "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" has been selected as a teaching material and recited by college and middle school students because of its beautiful writing.

Why is Zhu Ziqing's prose so admired? Mainly because his prose has the character of truth, goodness and beauty. Truth means true content and sincere feelings. Goodness means that the thoughts and feelings expressed in the works are progressive, and the author's right and wrong are consistent with the broad masses of the people. Beauty, of course, includes many aspects, but what ordinary prose works can't do is that its language is beautiful and full of charm, as clear and smooth as a stream, as sweet and chewy as an olive. How did Zhu Ziqing pursue truth, goodness and beauty in his prose creation? Judging from the content, Zhu Ziqing wrote all his own personal experiences. Not only is the event well-founded, but a detail is also true and accurate. He can't tolerate anything untrue in his prose. There is such a thing: there is a sentence in his Moonlight on the Lotus Pond: "The most lively thing at this time is the cicada in the tree and the frog in the water." Later, a reader wrote to tell him that cicadas would not call at night. Zhu Ziqing thought that he did hear cicadas that night, but to be on the safe side, he asked several people and wrote to an entomologist for advice. As a result, everyone thinks that cicadas don't bark at night, but only occasionally. Zhu Ziqing therefore suspected that he was mistaken, and planned to delete the sentence of cicada's barking when the collection of essays "Back" was reprinted. But later, he heard the cicada singing on the moonlit night twice with his own eyes. He didn't believe that he had written it wrong. Most people didn't know the cicada singing on the moonlit night accurately. To this end, he wrote an article explaining that it is not easy to observe things. It can be seen from this incident that Zhu Ziqing's attitude towards the authenticity of writing content is so serious.

The sincerity of Zhu Ziqing's prose feelings is well known. His Back and For the Dead Woman are called "the first-class love literature between heaven and earth". In the faint pen and ink, there is a deep feeling, without any affectation, but with moving power. In his essays such as On Realism and Picturesque, On Slogans and Slogans, The Preface of Zhong Ming's Nausea and Bitterness, he emphasized "truthfulness" and "sincere attitude". It is this "sincere attitude" that makes him pour out his true feelings between the lines. And this kind of emotion revealed from the deep heart is more likely to resonate with readers.

Edit this paragraph

collect

Snow Dynasty (Poetry Collection) 1922 Business

Trace (Poetry and Prose) 1924 Yadong Library

Behind (Prose Collection) 1928 Enlightened

Essays on Europe (Prose Collection) 1934

You and me (essays) 1936, business.

London Miscellaneous Notes (Prose Collection) 1943, Enlightened

Teaching Chinese (Essay) 1945, Enlightened.

Classic Talk (Essay) 1946, Wenguang

Distinguish between poetic expression and intention (poetics) 1947, enlightenment.

New Poetry Miscellaneous Words (Poetics) 1947, Writers Bookstore.

Standards and scales (paper) 1948, Wenguang

China Collection (Prose) 1948, Mingshan Bookstore.

On "Suit both refined and popular tastes" (essay) 1948, Observatory.

Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-4) 1953, Wu.

Collection of Zhu Ziqing's Classical Literature (Volume I) 198 1 year, ancient books.

Zhu Ziqing's Preface and Postscript Book Review Collection (Essay) 1983, Sanlian.

Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing 1986, Hundred Flowers

Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-3) 1988 Jiangsu Education (Incomplete)-

Zhu Ziqing's Prose Collection:

1 "in a hurry"

2 "Song"

3 "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights"

4 "Traces of Wenzhou"

5 "back"

6 "Ship Civilization"

7 "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond"

8 "The Woman I Love"

9 “& lt； Postscript of plum blossom

10 "White people-God's favorite"

1 1 "Huai Wei holds Jun Qing"

12 "One River"

13 children

14 "Mourning Wei Jiesan"

15 travel notes

16 Gone with the Wind

17 "Talking about Dreams"

18 "Bai Cai"

19 "Pornography"

20 "A Letter"

2 1 preface

22 "Spring"

23 "Green"

24 "Tian Wen"

Edit this paragraph

An anecdote about wearing a string.

Pei Xuan Yi Shi

The origin of Zhu Ziqing's name and characters

It is said that after Zhu Ziqing was born, because his father Hongjun Zhu liked Su Dongpo very much, he named his son "Hua Zi" from Dongpo's poem "He is Covered in Poetry". Zhu Ziqing's nickname "Shiqiu" is not only because the fortune teller said that his five elements are short of fire, but also means "spring blossoms and autumn harvest is fruitful". The name Zhu Ziqing was changed by himself before he went to college. To get the meaning of "Qing", "Qing" and "Ming", he should use the word "Qing" to encourage himself. And this name does reflect Zhu Ziqing's unyielding integrity in his life.

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Zhu Zihua, was renamed 19 17. 19 16, admitted to Peking University Preparatory College. According to his normal education, he needs to study in the preparatory college for two years and study for four years after he is promoted to the undergraduate course. Due to the gradual embarrassment of his family, he was unable to study the long six years step by step, so he skipped a grade in the second year of preparatory school and was admitted. At this time, in order to motivate himself, he took the word "self-cleaning" from "Ning Lian Ji" in "Chu Ci Bu Ju" and renamed it "self-cleaning", indicating that he was willing to be poor. This is the origin of Zhu Ziqing's fame. His words have attached conditions and allusions. Did everything wrong? Guan Xing: "Ximen Bao is impatient, so Pei Wei is slow; Dongan is slow by nature, so it is urgent to wear a string. " Chord, tension, and sexual rigidity. Zhu Ziqing's choice of words and strings has obvious encouraging significance.

Send a letter to help my father.

After the Lugouqiao Incident, Mr. Zhu Ziqing moved to the rear area. He wrote to Li Jianwu, who was teaching in Shanghai at that time, asking him to help his old father who lived in Yangzhou nearby. Li Jianwu naturally won't let his teacher down. Then, why does Mr. Zhu Ziqing have such confidence in others? It turns out that the two have already established a profound friendship between teachers and students. -1925 After the summer vacation, Mr. Zhu Ziqing came to Tsinghua University to be a professor of literature in China. Li Jianwu just graduated from the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In the first class, Teacher Zhu Ziqing called the roll and asked Li Jianwu, "Li Jianwu, this name is so strange. Is it Li Jianwu who often writes articles in newspapers?" Li Jianwu replied: "I dare not hide from the teacher, it's me." It is true that when Li Jianwu and Jane were studying in the middle school attached to Normal University, they organized a fire club to engage in new literature activities. "Then I already know you!" Mr. Zhu said happily. After class, Teacher Zhu Ziqing advised Li Jianwu: "You should learn creative writing. It's not appropriate to learn Chinese, so switch to a foreign language department. " At that time, the Chinese Department only read ancient books, so Mr. Zhu Ziqing said so. Li Jianwu listened to Mr. Zhu Ziqing and transferred to the Foreign Languages Department the following year. Although the teachers and students are not in the same department, Li Jianwu wrote his works first to Teacher Zhu, who has always been his mentor. Teacher Zhu Ziqing also helped Li Jianwu to finalize the draft carefully every time. Years of communication have strengthened their sincere relationship between teachers and students for life.

Don't accept American relief food

Mr. Zhu Ziqing suffered from a serious stomach trouble because of his long and hard life and work. At the beginning of 1948, the people's liberation war entered the final stage, and his condition became worse. But he didn't care about rest, but devoted himself to the struggle more selflessly. At this time, Mr. Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and had no money for medical treatment, but he did not hesitate to sign his name on the declaration, which read: "In order to show the dignity and integrity of the people of China, we categorically reject all handouts from the United States, whether purchased or given ..." and immediately asked the children to return the flour ration card. At the beginning of August, Mr. Zhu Ziqing's condition deteriorated and hospital treatment was ineffective. Unfortunately, he died in 12 at the age of 50. Before he died, Mr. Zhu Ziqing urged his family in a weak voice: "One thing to remember: I signed a document rejecting American flour, and our family will not buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang in the future!"

Zhu Ziqing refused to accept American "relief food" and showed us his great spirit of loving the nation!

I would rather starve to death than accept American flour assistance.

In China in the 1940s, everything was depressed, prices soared and people were in dire straits. Even professors in the high court find it difficult to make a living. Zhu Ziqing, director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, who is poor and sickly, lives on gruel and does not have enough to eat at home. In order to alleviate the dissatisfaction of professors, the authorities issued them with "flour ration certificates", allowing them to buy cheap flour with US dollars.

Si Tuleideng, the US ambassador to China, and Kadebo, Consul General in Shanghai, made wild remarks, attacking the people of China for not knowing good and evil and biting off the hand that feeds them. On this basis, famous scholars such as, Wu, etc. drafted the "Solemn Statement of Hundred Division" on1June, 948 17 to counter the slander and insult of the American government. At the end of the statement, it said, "In order to show the dignity and integrity of the people of China, we categorically reject any charity from the United States, whether it is purchased or given. It is hereby declared that the following colleagues unanimously agreed to refuse to buy cheap flour from the United States and return the ration card. 」

On June 18, Wu took this statement to Zhu Ziqing's house to sign it. Zhu Ziqing's stomach trouble recurred seriously and he was bedridden. Wu said to Zhu Ziqing: "Mr. Zhu's family of nine people, old and young, has a particularly difficult life. If he signs the statement, the economic loss will be greater than that of other professors. But I'm here anyway. I respect your opinion. In short, I don't insist. 」

"Mr Wu knows my nature. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qian Ao, an upright man, insisted on not eating the food he had eaten and starved to death. His pride is commendable, and he can become a teacher. Therefore, I would rather starve to death than American-aided flour with insulting charity. " Zhu Ziqing said, and sat up flat. Without hesitation, he picked up a pen and wrote the words "Zhu Ziqing" on the statement.

That evening, Zhu Ziqing wrote the following passage in his diary:

Signing a declaration rejecting American aid and American flour means that the monthly living expenses will be reduced by 6 million French francs. In the afternoon, I thought about it for a while and firmly believed that my signature was correct, because we opposed the US policy of supporting Japan, and if we want to take direct action, we should not evade personal responsibility.

On June 2 1, Zhu Ziqing asked his wife Chen Zhuyin to return the flour ration card. The next day, he caught a glimpse of some flour tickets for that month on the shelf and immediately said to his wife, "Go and return them and take away half a bag of flour. Clean and thorough. 」

On August 12, Zhu Ziqing died because of invalid medicine stone. On his deathbed, he opened his mouth as if he had something to say. His wife, Chen Zhuyin, leaned down, and he said laboriously and intermittently, "One thing must be remembered. I signed a document rejecting American aid, and I can't ask for American aid flour again. 」

other

When Zhu Ziqing was teaching at National Southwest Associated University, he enthusiastically encouraged the students, but did not praise them easily. He often argues with his students about a problem. He once said humorously to his students, "It is not easy for you to convince me, and it is not easy for me to convince you. Even my wife refuses to accept it, although the spirit of democracy lies in persuasion. "

Zhu Ziqing is very serious about teaching. He has specific regulations on the format of students' homework: the first page of homework should be left blank, the composition topics of a semester should be written down in turn, and the beginning and end pages should be marked for easy reference.

Zhu Ziqing is a conscientious scholar and never fills in the blanks. 1934 at the invitation of Zheng Zhenduo, he wrote an article about realism and a sense of picture overnight. The material is based on Pei Fu, and the back of the article is marked "copied from Pei Fu", because it is too late to check the original.

Zhu Ziqing likes to touch paper with a pen tip, which is not fast. He often thinks carefully before writing it down, and after writing it down, he doesn't need to make any cuts, that is, he becomes a good work. When he was in Tsinghua, he could only write 500 words a day. One day, Li Changzhi wrote a paper of 15000 words, plus two short articles.

Zhu Ziqing and Pu Jiangqing hold a meeting in the conference room of Chinese Department of Tsinghua Campus from 2 pm to 5 pm every Wednesday. They cut and paste the poems of past dynasties and their sequels together, and set up a general introduction and miscellaneous categories, all arranged according to the Roman alphabet. Half a year later, they finished cutting and pasting the manuscript of The Great Series of Poems.

Cicada is mentioned in Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. Some people say that cicadas don't call at night. He consulted an entomologist and said, "We often make inferences from common experience. For example, some cicadas are midnight.

Not at night, it is inferred that all cicadas don't call at night. "

192 1 On New Year's Eve, Ye Shengtao and Zhu Ziqing had a long talk and lit two white candles. New Year's Eve written by Zhu Ziqing has only three lines: "I watched with my own eyes in two flickering pewter candles except the night, and 192 1 year passed gently."

1923 In August, Yu Pingbo wrote Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, and in June of the same year 10, Zhu Ziqing also wrote an article of the same name. It turns out that two people walked together, each writing what they saw, but left two essays and travel notes for future generations, which can be compared.

In his later years, Zhu Ziqing pressed a note under the glass plate of the bookcase, which read: "But if you can see the sun, although it is brilliant, why are you depressed at dusk?"

After Zhu Ziqing's death, Xu Deheng wrote an elegy: "After teaching for 30 years, I have been teaching and learning, learning from the times, learning from the youth, living like this, being honest and healthy; If I stay for 5 1 year, the harder I work, the more I struggle, the ugliness I fight, the violence I fight, the death I die, and the tears I cry. "