Brief introduction of Li Bian, a martyr in the Southern Tang Dynasty. How did Li Bian establish the Southern Tang Dynasty?

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, less than two years after the collapse of the late Tang Dynasty in the Central Plains, a small dynasty named Tang emerged in the southern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, which was called Nantang in history. The two monarchs in the Tang Dynasty were both surnamed Li, and both claimed to be the heirs of the Tang Dynasty. But his surname is Li, and he is still an impostor. Or to, in fact, are not descendants of Emperor Taizong, just picked up the old flag as a call. Here, let's take a look at how Li Bian, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, made his fortune, how he established the emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and how his lifestyle and achievements in governing the country were.

First, the prosperity of orphans.

Li Bian, born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) on December 2nd, Guangqi, was born in Pengnv, posthumous title. Peng Nu's father, Li Rong, is a humble farmer, simple and convinced of Buddhism, and often hides in temples. The locals call him "Li Daozhe". Being a monk in a Buddhist temple can be exempted from military service. At that time, warlords were fierce in pulling men. It is hard to say whether Li Rong fled into an empty net because he really believed in Buddhism or because he evaded military service. At that time, Li Rong's family had a heavy burden, and it was difficult for him to maintain his family's livelihood, which is for sure. When slave Tucki was six years old, another war broke out in his hometown. His father, who worshiped Buddha and recited scriptures all day, failed to get the blessing of Lafayette and died in chaos. So uncle Li Qiu took his family to Haozhou to avoid chaos, but soon, his mother Liu died again. Peng nu was an orphan since he was a child. Uncle Li Qiu was unable to bear the responsibility of raising his nephew, so he simply sent Xiao Peng to Kaiyuan Temple in Haozhou.

There are several legends about Peng Nv's surname. According to unofficial history in the South of the Yangtze River, Peng Nv is a descendant of Wang Jian Li Ke, the son of Tang Xianzong. However, according to the History of Wu Yue, Li Bian was born in Anji, Huzhou. Another way of saying this is that he is a descendant of Lin, the sixth son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and the official history also says that Li Bian is a descendant of the royal family. It doesn't matter to us whether Li Bian is a descendant, but when Li Bian proclaimed himself emperor, he claimed to be a descendant of the Tang royal family. He established a new Tang Dynasty, shouldering the responsibility of restoring his ancestral business.

Although Peng's surname is Li, she changed her surname to Xu for a long time.

In the second year of Ganning (895), Tang Huainan, the Jianghuai warlord who later established the State of Wu, asked Yang Xingmi to conquer Haozhou and took away a young monk with a big bald head, Peng Nu. Peng Nu was beautiful and had big eyes, which made warlord Yang Xingmi like it very much, so he raised him as his adopted son. At that time, warlord Fan Shuai generally had the habit of raising adopted sons. He has many children and many soldiers, and he gives more support. When I grow up, adopting a son is my own heart and I think of my own use. But Yang Xingmi has many sons. Little Peng Nu with big bald head is beautiful in Yang Xingmi's eyes, but ugly in his son's eyes. They will not tolerate this alien, let alone be brothers with the young monk. Yang Xingmi had no choice but to give it to his general Xu Wen. He said to Xu Wen, "This boy is very beautiful, which really makes me love him to death, but my son Yang W and others can't tolerate him all the time, so I have to give him to you." Think of him as my son! You are so blessed. " In this way, Peng Nu became Xu Wen's adopted son, and later changed his name to Xu and Xu Zhimo.

That night, Xu Wen somehow had a dream that the real dragon emperor waved to himself. Get up the next day, Xu Wen happily picked up his new adopted son and kissed him. He thought it was a good omen. That knowledge patent is also very talented and smart, and now he sweetly called "Dad!" " "Beautiful Xu Wen smoothed her beard and laughed. Xu Wen's wife, surnamed Li, takes care of her as her own child. Little Peng nu's luck has changed. With such good adoptive parents, you don't have to worry about food and clothing anymore.

Although Xu Zhimo is young, he is very sensible and filial to his adoptive parents. He often goes out with Xu Wen, and sometimes he doesn't pay attention to making his adoptive father lose his temper. In a rage, Xu Wen raised a stick and hit him, driving him away and denying the father-son relationship. However, whenever Xu Wen comes home, he finds Gao Zhi greeting him at the door. Xu Wen asked strangely, "Why are you here?" Chen Zhi replied, "How can a man's son live without his parents? When his father is angry, he depends on his mother. This is the nature of being a son. " Hearing this, Xu Wen's anger disappeared long ago, and his heart was full of pity, and he regretted his rude behavior of hitting his son with a stick.

When he was old, Xu Zhimo was seven feet long with a square face and a standard figure. His voice is like Hong Zhong's. It's a little scary from a distance, but it's cute when you look closely. His feet are slender and fast as flying. Even if he walked slowly, his companion had to trot breathlessly to catch up. A fortune teller said, "This is a majestic gait." When Zhipat was 20 years old, Xu Wen hired Wang as his wife. Wang is very virtuous. When the adoptive father is ill, the young couple always wait on him from morning till night and take care of him in every possible way. Whenever I hear my adoptive father cough, I will come up to caress or rub my back. Xu Wen asked who was there? Chen Zhi smiled: "It's Chen Zhi." Ask again: "Who else?" Answer again: "Know your wife." Xu Wen was very moved. He regarded Zhipat as his own son. In the future, Zhikao will be responsible for housework, the salary at home will be paid, and life will be given to the government, all of which will be given to Zhikao. Zhipatent has also increased his talents in the process of managing the family. Yang Xingmi also said to Xu Wen: "The intellectual patent is really a hero, and other sons are hard to reach!"

Xu Zhimo's adoptive father Xu Wen is from Yishan, Haizhou. When he was young, he lived by selling smuggled salt because of his poor family. He took part in the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. Later, he was transferred to the Huainan Department of the Tang Dynasty and became a general under Li Xingmi. Because I didn't want to take part in the war to suppress the peasant rebels, I didn't take the meritorious military service for many years. Xu Wenmu doesn't know books, has no culture, is quiet, and rarely associates with people, but most people respect him. Yang Xingmi captured Xuanzhou, and his men took all the gold and silk collectors, while Xu Wen went alone to occupy rice fields and cook porridge to help the hungry. Yang Xingmi is different from him, knowing that he is different from ordinary people. Since then, he has been entrusted with an important task, commanding him with his right tooth, making him one of Yang Xingmi's "36 heroes". Although Xu Wen didn't make great achievements, he was wise and participated in the proceedings, and was deeply trusted by Yang Xingmi.

Thanks to the kindness of his adoptive father, Xu gradually made a fortune. After a long time, he served as the shogunate of Yang and became a general of the whole army. With the expansion of Xuwen's power, Zhipai was promoted step by step, and was appointed commander-in-chief of Yuan at the age of 22. His fate has been ups and downs, which has been closely linked with the advance and retreat of his adoptive father Xu Wen.

Second, step on the steps of power.

God bless two years (905), Yang Xingmi fell ill. However, he accidentally took his eldest son, Yang W, away from him and served as Xuanzhou's envoy. Xu Wen, commander of the right tooth, said to Yang W privately, "Your Majesty is ill, but he has sent out a vassal. There must be a traitor in this. If you are called back to Beijing in the future, don't rush back without my personal letter, lest you be killed. " Hearing this, Mr. Yang was moved to tears. In October, Yang Xingmi was seriously ill and ordered Judge Zhou Yin to be Fu Zhaoyang's servant. Zhou Yin recommended General Liu Wei to be in charge of the government. Yang Xingmi told Xu Wen about it, and Xu Wen quickly sent an envoy to recall Yang W. After Yang Xingmi's death, Xu Wen made great contributions in the process of establishing Yang W, and became the most trusted minister of Yang W. God bless him for four years (907), destroying the Tang Dynasty and setting up a back beam, but Yang W still confronted him with the title of Huainan Tang Dynasty.

After Yang W succeeded to the throne, he was extremely violent, and his father Yang Xingmi's old general was punished or died. Only Xu Wen and Zhang Hao have the right to use them in the middle, and he commands the soldiers. Yang W became more and more skeptical about this and tried to get rid of it. Xu Wen, first, Yang was hanged. But afraid of not accepting it, he wanted to hand over the whole kingdom of Wu to Hou Liang to seek asylum. He also wanted to crowd out Xu Wen, who listened to the counselor's strict plan and took the opportunity to kill Zhang Hao in the name of rebellion, and took Yang Xingmi's second son Yang Wei (Long Yan) to the throne. From then on, he mastered Yang's military and political power.

Because the adoptive father is in charge of Wu Dazheng, Xu Zhimo's career is also booming and his promotion is fast. In the sixth year of Shenzong (909), Xu Wen transferred him to Shengzhou as a historian, and Ren Haijun made him train the water army in Shengzhou. In the following year, Zhipat was appointed as the assistant minister of Shengzhou to understand the state affairs. In the ninth year of God Blessed (9 12), Xu Zhimo took part in the war to pacify Xuanzhou, moved to the left and right secretariat, and mastered the military and political affairs of a state. During his five years in office, he carried out a series of reforms. At that time, at the beginning of Jianghuai, local county officials in Wu were accustomed to the previous rules, and everything was especially fierce to the people for the sake of preparation for war and wartime economy. Xu Zhimo resettled refugees in Zhou, organized agricultural production and reduced the tax burden on farmers. It also clarified the management of officials, eliminated local officials who were corrupt and accepted bribes, and greatly improved local politics. He also made extensive contributions to literature, searching for suicide notes, inviting guests and devoting himself to his disciples. A group of talents gathered around him, such as Ma, Zhou Zong and Cao Yu. They all became loyal officials and helped him do a good job in all kinds of military and political affairs.

Xu Wen was very happy to hear that his adopted son knew that patents had made great contributions to national promotion and neutrality. He behaved well in front of Yang Long. In the 11th year of Shenyou (9 14), a patent official was added to proofread Si Tuleideng and became an important official of Wu. This year, Xu Zhimo was only 26 years old.

Zhi Patent also built a city wall in Shengzhou until the 14th year of God bless (9 17). This summer, Xu Wen went to inspect, and he was very happy to see that Jin Wengong's system was magnificent, easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the entire Jin Wengong capital was well managed. He knows that this adopted son has great talent for ruling the country and calming the world, so he uses it more. Knowing the patent has become one of the most important forces that Xu Wen planted in the local area.

Xu Wen has been in power in Jianghuai for a long time. He supported Yang Long as the king of Wu, served as the prime minister himself, supervised internal and external military affairs, sealed the king of Donghai County, and lived a luxurious life in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He also ordered his eldest son, Xu Zhixun, to be stationed in Guangling (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) to supervise Yang Long's performance, and his adopted son, Xu Zhibao, was appointed as the ambassador of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) to Yong Lian and Cha Taibao to control Jiangnan.

At first, Xu didn't want to go to Runzhou and asked to change the town to Xuanzhou. Xu Wen refused. Song, his subordinate, analyzed the situation at that time and planned to say, "I did a terrible job in Yangzhou, and it won't take long to finish." Then you can lead troops across the river and master the Wu regime. " As soon as I heard it, I understood that I immediately went to Runzhou to take charge of the people's administration, just like being promoted to the state.

Although Xu Zhixun is the eldest son of Xu Wen, he is younger than Chen Zhi. With the help of his father, he succeeded in his youth. Ignorant, arrogant and greedy, do whatever you want. As early as Xuanzhou was appointed as the secretariat, the people hated his cruelty. Xu Wen placed him in Guangling, and the military and political power of Wu was in his hands. After Zhixun entered Guangling, he became even more dissolute, often bullying generals, often bullying and even swearing, and beating Yang Long, the king of Wu. Yang Long was timid and hesitant, but the people around him couldn't stand it. Ji-hoon thinks that Yang Long is bullying others and does not converge. Finally, he forced out trouble and was killed by Yang Long general Zhu Jin.

Xu Zhimo got a report from Yangzhou Horse in Runzhou and rushed to Guangling to calm down the chaos and stabilize the order. Therefore, he is in charge of Wu Zhi's major policies on behalf of Ji Xun. This year is the first 16 year of God Blessed (9 18), and Xu Zhimo is just 30 years old.

At this time, Xu Wen was still in Jinling. He deeply regrets the behavior of his son Xu Zhixun, and deeply appreciates the behavior of his adopted son Xu Zhimo. Therefore, I recognize the status of Zhipatent and that Zhipatent is the successor of my career.

Xu Zhimo's power in Guangling is indeed much greater than Ji Xun's. He often sends people down to inspect people's hunger and suffering. Some people are too poor to open a pot and often deliver meals. Summer summer, there are no umbrellas in the hot sun. He always said, "All the people are under the scorching sun, why should I cover the umbrella?" I slapped him when it was hot, and he ordered him to take it. Because he himself has experienced hardships, he still maintains a frugal style after entering a high position. So people from Wu Zhuyang Longyan to Hutong are very satisfied with Zhigu. Although Xu Wen controls power remotely in Jinling, the people of Wu have already taken refuge in Xu Zhimo, hoping that Xu Zhimo can be the ruler of Wu.

The following year (9 19), Xu Wen and Xu Zhimo became the King of the Great Kingdom of Wu, renamed Wuyi, and set up officials, ancestral halls, villages, palaces, civil and military officials, all with the gift of the emperor. Yang Long acted as a servant and participated in political affairs. At that time, people called him a political servant, that is, a prime minister. Xu Zhimo is 33 years old this year, but he seems to be in his twenties, which is a little immature. In order to make himself more prime minister, it is said that he was given a dose of medicine. After drinking, his sideburns turned white, and he looked more like a steady old man, which made people respect him. So I sit in the Prime Minister's office every day to deal with military affairs and greet them like a flood.

Xu Zhimo set up a beautiful pavilion in the Prime Minister's House, called "Yan Bin Pavilion", which was specially used to entertain all kinds of talents and celebrities. Whenever someone comes, it is convenient for him to buy tea here to talk about the gains and losses of government affairs and ask the people about their sufferings. Sometimes we talk for hours, even at night. As a result, heroes all over the world often return home. At that time, there was chaos in the Central Plains. Celebrities only heard of Corporal Wu, the Prime Minister, and left for Zhigu. As a result, there were many talents. In order to attract more Shi Jun, Zhizhi Patent specially sent someone to set up an office near the Huaihe River to send money to celebrities in the south, and all of them came back to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Therefore, the northern scholars who arrived at the news sat up and greatly expanded the power of the southern kingdom of Wu.

Xu Zhimo also attaches great importance to the relationship with Xu Wen. Although Xu Wen acknowledged the identity of the prime minister, he did not take it lightly. On the contrary, he was more filial to Xu Wen and set an example, which moved him. At the same time, he also carefully planned everywhere and paid attention to discretion. For example, Xu Wen entered the DPRK and fought with the army. Knowing that he felt inappropriate, he secretly told Wu Wang Yang Longyan that "Wen is the father of a minister, but he is loyal and filial, and we have never followed the example of soldiers in this era." Please ask my father not to set such a bad precedent. "So, in the name of Yang Long's performance, he sent Xu Wen to fight in North Korea. This not only slightly limits Xu Wen's prestige, but also shows Xu Wenzhong's Excellence in the DPRK, which is worthy of being an example. Xu Wen himself felt that this was better and did not raise any objection. Xu Wen loves to wear a white robe. On his birthday, Xu Zhimo presented a white robe as usual to show his filial piety. Once, an apple polisher flattered Xu Wen and quipped, "A white robe is not as good as a yellow robe. Huang, a special costume worn by the emperor, told Xu Wen: "Your husband's loyalty and filial piety are respected by the government and the public. Once you are confused by flattery, your reputation will be tarnished for life. I hope your husband won't listen to these myths and heresies. " Xu Wen was full of praise and thought what he said was very appropriate. At that time, Xuwen didn't need to abolish Yang Long's own claim to the throne. Xu Zhimote put a loyal hat on his adoptive father, which delayed the time for Xu Wen to seize the throne, but he was able to recruit talents, accumulate strength and rise step by step on the steps of power.

In the third year of Wuyi (92 1), Yang Long, the master of Wu, died, and Yang Pu, Xu Zhimo's younger brother, was the king of Wu. Six years later, Xu Wen was about to be buried in the coffin because of his old age and illness. His marching horse, Simashire, is an arrogant man. He often muttered to himself in front of Xu Wen, and advised Xu Wen to discuss with his son, Xu Zhi, and not to take major policies as his adopted son. After knowing the news, I was very scared. Xu Wen was very kind to him and affectionate to his adoptive father, so he volunteered to stop politics and went to a small town in Jiangxi. This year, he joined Pingzhang and led Jiangzhou as an observer, but before his written form was put forward, Xu Wen was seriously ill. Therefore, he continued to take power in Guangling.

After Xuwen's death, Xu Zhixun took his place, led our time in Jinling, and had a large number of troops. Xu Zhixun refused to accept the leadership of Zhi Paite, who was more powerful than Zhi Paite. But Ji-hoon, like his brother Ji-hoon, is not smart and reckless, and he has no support from his father's left and right sides. In the process of competing for power with his righteous brother Xu Zhimo, he could not get the support of the Ministry. Knowing the patent, he lured him to Guangling by deception, appeared before Wu Zhuyang Pu, then detained him, seized his relieving in Jinling and became a leftist. I know that he is in charge of Chinese and foreign military affairs and always holds the national military forces. It was also named Xunyang Gong, and later changed to Zhanggong. In the first year of Taihe (929), Xu Zhi patented 4 1 year. He followed Xu Wen's example and let his sons Jingtong (that is, Li Jing) and Qian Jing be stationed in Guangling, while he moved to Jinling. At that time, the strategic significance and importance of Jinling was above Guangling, but the court of Wu never left Guangling.

In the first year of Tianzhu (935), Xu Zhijia became the King of Qi with the title of "Fu Shang, a surname, a great prime minister, and a grand marshal of all military forces in the world". However, adding official titles has no substantive significance. In the second year, Xu Zhimo resigned from the above meaningless official title, opened the Grand Marshal's Office, formed his own family and established his own systematic bureaucratic team. He will become emperor himself. Therefore, Jiu Xi was added as a special gift, and the ten states of Sheng, Run, Xuan, Chi, Yun, Chang, Jiang, Rao, Xin and Hai were regarded as Qi, occupying nearly half of the territory of Wu. Wuyue and Fujian, small countries nearby, also saw clearly that they sent envoys to persuade them. After more than ten years of painstaking efforts, Xu Zhimo has firmly grasped all the powers of the State of Wu, and it is certainly effortless for him to replace Yang Pu as emperor. He just needs to take one more step.

Third, ascend the throne of the emperor.

In October of the third year of Emperor Tiandi (937), Xu Zhimo was forty-nine years old. He felt that he was getting older and older, and the easily available throne could not be given to others, so he longed for meditation. He forced Yang Puchan, the Lord of Wu, to reign, changed Wu Tianzuo to the first year of Yuan Dynasty, called himself emperor, and founded the country as Daqi. Take your birthday,1February 2nd, as Renshou Day. Adoptive father Xu Wen was honored as "Emperor Wu" and adoptive mother Li was honored as "Empress Mingde". Yang Pu, the master of Wu, who also admired Zen, called it "thinking highly and passing on the ancient to the emperor". The first volume is called Zen Veteran. Wu Wang is the magistrate of Hongnong County, and his wife, Song Shi, is the queen. Thus, a new dynasty was established in the land of Jianghuai.

Xu Zhimo also named Xu Wen's fifth son King Jiang and his sixth son King Yao and Shun, which was very kind to Xu Wen's descendants. Minister Wu was also extended to maintain political stability. He regards Jiankang as the western capital and Guangling as the eastern capital. Living in Xidu, he moved the central government to Jinling, changed Shangshu province to Shangshu province, and Du Dong Shangshu province to stay in the hospital. Song's counselor was appointed as general and prime minister. Xu Jun, the counselor of the adoptive father Xu Wen, is also the prime minister and is in charge of state affairs. His son, Xu Jingtong, was named King of Wu, later changed to King of Qi, was named Qiu and Shang Shuling, and was sentenced to the Sixth Army. Several other sons were also sealed, and five daughters were sealed as princesses. So Chuanzijing stayed in Dongdu, and Jiangdu Yin led his officials to Dongdu. In September of the second year of Shengyuan (938), Zhao Kefeng, the minister of Taifuqing, asked Xu Zhimo to restore Li's surname and establish Tang Temple. In order to achieve internal stability, Xu Zhimo disagreed, so the Xu Daqi dynasty existed for three years.

In the first month of the third year of Yuanxing (939), the sons of Xu Wen, Jiang and Rao, took the lead in demanding the restoration of Li's surname, and the Prime Minister Song and Tang Zhou Zong also demanded the restoration of Li's surname. Knowing that I didn't dare to forget Xu Zhien, I told the ministers that Jiangxi had Li; Contacting Li Shusheng in Linchuan is a sign that he is still alive. At that time, there was a nursery rhyme circulating in Jiangnan, and there was a saying: "The carp in the East China Sea flew to the sky." The East China Sea is Xuwen Water County, and carp is the homonym of Li, which means that Li starts from Xu and is the master of the world. Therefore, Qi Jingtong and others repeatedly requested and finally agreed to take the surname Li. In February, the name of the country was changed to Datang, which was called "Southern Tang" in history. He claimed to be a descendant of the Tang Dynasty. In order to contact the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty, he ordered his ministers to study the origin of his ancestors. Finally, "Sure" is the tenth grandson of Wu, the son of Emperor Taizong. So he continued to compose music, just like the successor of the imperial system in the Tang Dynasty. He also changed the name of Xuwen Temple to "Yi people" to show that it was different from his own imperial system. Emperor Taizong, Wu, Yizu and Hengnai were arranged together in the ancestral hall to offer sacrifices to Li and Xu. After all this, he asked the minister to change his name. At first he wanted to change his name to Li Ang, but because of Tang Wenzong's taboo, he didn't take it. Some people said it was Zhu Jinzhong's thief name, but he didn't take it. Later, he changed his name to Yuetan. Gu, the suggestion king, said, "Although Tan Zi is from Dan, it is taboo", but he can't do anything about it. Finally, he finally found a word. He is 5 1 year old this year.

Li Bian was the emperor of Qi for three years, plus the emperor of Southern Tang for four years, and became the emperor for seven years. Together with his time in Wu, he served as the supreme ruler of the small kingdom of Jianghuai for more than ten years. During Li Bian's reign, he always adopted the policy of protecting the environment and helping the people. He often said, "People are born of their parents. How can they fight for the city and bleed in vilen? " Still have to fight less. "At the beginning of the Southern Tang Dynasty, military commanders, counselors, made contributions and made repeated requests to expand in all directions. Li Bian didn't listen to the discussion, and advised the generals, "Knowing enough is not humiliating. This is a sincere warning from Daozu (Laozi). " He asked his deputies not to talk about sending troops to attack easily.

At that time, the territory of the Southern Tang Dynasty extended eastward to Qu and Wu. South and Wuling; West to Huxiang; Reject the Changhuai River in the north; Thousands of miles, more than 30 States. It is the most powerful country in the South, second only to the late Jin Dynasty established by Shi Jingtang in the Central Plains. The long-term confrontation between the southern Tang Dynasty and the later Jin Dynasty with the Huaihe River as the boundary made it impossible for the southern Tang Dynasty to expand around, so the Central Plains dynasty became the biggest enemy of the southern Tang Dynasty, and the latter Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty, the later Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty were the main threats to the southern Tang Dynasty.

Li Bian is a man with great political ambitions. It's not that he doesn't want to reunify China, but to assess the situation. Make the best strategic choice. At that time, the state of Wu Yue, the state of Chu in the southeast and the western part of the Southern Tang Dynasty were very small, and their strength was much weaker than that of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Many generals want to use this situation to destroy them. Once, a fire broke out in Hangzhou, the instruments in the palace were burned, and the king's money was scared to death. Song took the opportunity to attack, but Li Bian ignored it and sent a lot of relief materials to support it. Thirdly, Li argued about state affairs. Song He once proposed to expand the territory and merge wuyue, Fujian and Chu, but Li argued against it and expressed his own strategic thoughts. Its main points are: protect the environment and the people, accumulate strength, enter the Northern Expedition, seek reunification, and surrender the border. Don't fight a battle that is not worth the loss, and don't be greedy for a corner and disperse your troops, so as not to form a burden. Don't rashly use force to annex the weak, lest Lian Heng, a southern country, deal with itself and fall into a passive position of being caught between the north and the south. Don't annex the narrow and weak Qian Wuyue and serve the Central Plains dynasty, lest the enemies of the Central Plains take advantage of it and crawl behind their backs. This strategic thought was very correct in the complicated situation at that time. It can be seen that Li bian's attention is mainly in the north. Under the condition of active preparation, he will destroy the strong enemy first and then the weak enemy. He accurately estimated that the southern countries did not dare to make a move when fighting in the Central Plains. The Central Plains Dynasty will inevitably send troops to Huaishang when the neighboring small countries fight. Therefore, don't regard the existence of small countries in the south as a big worry, but strive to maintain good-neighborly relations. Even if neighboring countries take the opportunity to attack the Central Plains, it is easy to deal with. His prediction came true when his son Li Jing was in power after his death. It was extremely rare for Li Bian to have such brilliant strategic thinking at that time.

Li Bian was very serious about the Central Plains Dynasty, the northern rival, and never easily provoked wars. He understands history, strategic trends and priorities. He learned a lesson from the mistakes of Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition in history. Yang Xuangan refused to accept the advice of Li Mi -xi in going through customs. Xu Jingye did not go straight to Heluo and went south to the south of the Yangtze River. He knew that he must be cautious again, stick to the plan, train troops, accumulate strength, and go all out to the northern expedition when the weather changes in the Central Plains. Although he doesn't deploy troops easily, his eyes are keeping a close eye on the movement of the Central Plains. After the downfall of the Tang Dynasty that night, Lu killed the Khitan and led his army to the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Bian surrendered and was appointed as Xuanzhou our ambassador, which was very thick. After the satrap of Jin 'an, I made An Jinquan come to surrender, and Li Bian sent generals to meet the enemy and reuse him. Li Bian used the Central Plains to surrender, in order to understand each other's reality and wait for an opportunity to explore the North. This is a defensive attack strategy with great vision.

Because of the Libian War and the stability of the country, he focused on rectifying internal affairs and carrying out some political and economic reforms. At that time, the Southern Tang Dynasty was vast in territory and abundant in resources, with strong troops. Li bian trained the whole army in nail art and paid special attention to rewarding farmers and mulberry. In order to increase the number of workers and reduce gluttony, he is not allowed to abuse monks and nuns in China. Although he believes in Buddhism, he is not allowed to over-develop temple power. He also absorbed a large number of refugees from all directions. Because there was no military revolution and no light taxes, the people in the Southern Tang Dynasty were able to live and work in peace and contentment, and their enthusiasm for production was also high. He sent messengers to various places to settle land rent and taxes with fertile and barren land, which is what people call Yunping. As a result, during his ten years in power, the number of domestic accounts increased and the financial use was sufficient. When he died, he had seven million tons of weapons, gold and silk. National libraries must add up to more.

Li Bian also tried to clarify the official management. He doesn't take consorts to assist the government, and eunuchs are not allowed to interfere in political affairs. These two things became law, and they did not change after the death of Southern Tang Dynasty. At that time, other countries in the north and south did not do well in these two points. On one occasion, Li Bian sent eunuchs to Lushan Mountain to offer sacrifices. When he came back, the leading eunuch claimed to be a vegetarian all the way up to now, and he didn't eat or drink. However, Li bian had already sent someone to monitor it and immediately exposed it: "You buy fish somewhere and meat somewhere. How can you say that you are a vegetarian so far? " Scared the eunuch to death, he quickly confessed. This shows that Li Bian is very clever and has not been deceived by eunuchs with low knowledge around him. It also shows that Li Bian is very capable, governing the country well and refuting ministers.

After Li Bian became emperor, he still maintained his hard work and plain living style. He started from scratch and never forgot his roots. He is wearing simple clothes and boots. He doesn't use gold, silver and jade. He usually uses an iron washbasin. In summer, he wears a linen shirt in his bedroom. The palace has not been expanded, only some bonsai have been arranged. There are not many maids waiting on him, and the old and ugly ones are often laid off. Such thrifty emperors are also few in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

Because Li Bian set an example, the politics in Southern Tang Dynasty was very clear, the national situation became stronger and stronger, and cultural undertakings gradually developed. Under the governance of Li Bian, Nantang gradually developed into the most economically and culturally developed area in China at that time.

It can be seen that Li Bian was an outstanding strategist and politician during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Among the dozens of emperors who appeared at that time, I'm afraid only Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong can live among them, and the monarchs of southern countries are unparalleled, and it's hard for Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty to surpass him.

Fourth, a fair death honors the whole life.

A talented emperor, with great ambition to unify China, ruled a rich country. If the old days have passed, he should have made greater achievements. It's a pity that Li Bian died young. Besides, it's not right to die. It's not worth it. His death not only interrupted his career, but also damaged his reputation all his life.

Li Bian claimed to be a descendant of Emperor Taizong and probably imitated his "ancestors" in everything. In his later years, Emperor Taizong dreamed of immortality, so he swallowed Taoist Dan medicine and died of poisoning. Many emperors in the Tang Dynasty swallowed Dan and suddenly collapsed. This is probably the ancestor of the Li family.

Li Bian's biological father, Li Rong, was a Buddhist and lived in a Buddhist temple as a monk when he was a child, so he believed in Buddhism and became an emperor. In 943, the monks of Tianxing Temple in Lishui played a trick. They said that a mulberry tree in the temple gave birth to a Woodenhead, six inches long and shaped like a monk. His right side is naked, his left side is kneeling, and all the vestments and laws are ready. People were angry at that time, and I didn't know whether it was good or bad. Buddhists in the Southern Tang Dynasty spread rumors everywhere, causing panic. People call this Woodenhead "Xu Bodhi". After Li Jue knew Li Jue's introduction, he did not pursue the rumor-monger, but put "Mu Ren Xubodhi" in the palace, waited on him carefully and burned incense every day. At that time, a fortune teller said after divination: "The wood was born with mulberries, and it lost a lot!" "Li Ping looked at this ugly six-inch Woodenhead, and he was excited. He remembered his childhood when he was young. Is this Woodenhead the young monk Peng Nu? ""great loss "is the death of the young monk Peng nu. The more he thought about it, the more afraid he became. He thinks he can't die and should live a long life. Therefore, he was confused and dry, trying to get rid of his bad luck of "great loss". At this time, an alchemist named Shi Shouchong claimed to have a panacea, so Li called him in. Shishou gave himself the elixir, but Li Bian believed it, took it every day, and didn't listen to the advice. He not only takes it himself, but also often gives medicine to minister Li Jianxun. Jian Xun felt hot and uncomfortable after taking it, so he advised Li Bian to stop taking it. Li Bian replied, "I've been eating it for a long time and I feel good."

Because of taking too much erysipelas, erysipelas accumulated in the body, which made Li become delirious, and ministers often lost their temper. Finally, gangrene appeared on the back and the whole body festered. But Li Bian kept it a secret. He only asked the physician to treat him, but he usually took Dan medicine and listened to politics. However, ministers are often scolded for no reason. They found that the emperor's temperament had changed, and the emperor seemed to be crazy.

One day, Li Bian suffered from erysipelas, and Wu's doctor treated him too much. He quickly sent someone to invite King Li Jing of Qi (namely Xu Jingtong) to the palace for treatment. That night, Li Bian died of pain. He is poisoned by erysipelas. At the age of 56.

When he died, Li Bian regretted it. He made a will and ordered his son Li Jing to succeed him, hoping that Li Jing could inherit his career. Li Jing said: "I took that stone to prolong my life, but I died quickly." You should take a warning. " He also said: "You should make good friends with neighboring countries, keep your ancestral business and keep your country. Don't attack the traces of Emperor Yang Di. Rely on your own strength and mobilize the masses, and you will bring your own destruction. If you can listen to me, you are a dutiful son and the people will praise you as a virtuous gentleman. " In order to make Excavate remember his teaching, Li Bianqiang endured the pain and asked Excavate to put his finger to his mouth and bite his head until the blood came out. He wants his son to remember it. Finally, Li Bian said, "There is something in the north tomorrow. Don't forget what I said." Say it and die. Posthumous title is "Wu Xiao, Emperor Wen Su". The name of the temple is "Ancestors".