Chen classical Chinese

1. In classical Chinese, "minister" has several interpretations. * * * Li

"Book is not poetry" "Both men and women run away."

2. Officials in the monarchical era

Xun said to him, "So, if the Minister of Justice is appointed, the imperial court will be equivalent." It also refers to the people. Poetry Xiaoya Beishan: "Is it the domain of Wang Chen?"

3. The official people's demands for the monarch

Zhuge Liang, a model, said, "The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so when I was on the verge of collapse, he sent my minister to do great things."

4. claim to be humble to others

Biography of Emperor Gaozu in Historical Records: "Lv Gong said,' Those who are good ministers are few.' "

5. surrender; use

"Xunzi Wang Zhi": "The princes are kings, and the friends of the princes are tyrants."

2. Don't regret my minister's translation of classical Chinese. Zhao Jianzi rides on a narrow slope, and ministers show their arms to push Jane, and tigers will sing while walking without pushing a cart.

Jane said, "When I went uphill, everyone was pushing carts. Who told you to carry a halberd and sing without pushing a cart? This is an insult to you as a courtier monarch. What is the crime of insulting the monarch? " The tiger will answer: "The courtiers humiliated the monarch and committed both deaths."

Jane asked, "What is double capital punishment?" The tiger will answer, "If you are put to death, your wife and children will also be put to death. It's called double capital punishment. However, since you have heard of the crime of insulting the monarch, would you like to hear about it? " Jane asked, "What happens when the monarch insults his courtiers?" The tiger will say, "the monarch insults his officials, and smart people will not give advice to the monarch;" People who are eloquent are unwilling to act as envoys for the monarch; Brave people don't want to fight for the monarch.

Obviously, if smart people don't make plans, the country will be in danger; Diplomatic relations will not be smooth if people with good eloquence don't be envoys; Brave people don't want to fight, and the border is violated. "Jane said," that's right. "

I don't need the priest's carriage anymore. After the event, a banquet was held and the ministers drank, and the tiger will be honored as the guest of honor.

3. What does it mean that the Minister of Classical Chinese is the former General Affairs Department? In the sixth year of Yuanshuo (BC 123), Li Guang became a post-general again, and went out to Dingxiang to crusade against the Huns with the army of General Wei Qing. Most of the generals were blocked because of the meritorious military service, but Li Guangjun failed. In BC 12 1 year, Li Guang, as a doctor, led 4000 cavalry from Peiping (right) and went to Xiongnu with Zhang Qian's troops. Li Guang's troops marched hundreds of miles, and were suddenly surrounded by forty thousand cavalry led by Xiongnu Zuo. The soldiers in Li Guang were very afraid, so Li Guang sent his son Li Ganxian to explore the enemy. Li Gan led dozens of cavalry, rushed into the enemy lines, broke into the Xiongnu encirclement, copied out the enemy's wings and returned. After returning, he reported to Li Guang: "Xiongnu soldiers are easy to deal with." Li Guang's sergeant listened to this before settling down. Li Guang lined up in a circle, facing the enemies around. Xiongnu stormed the Han army, and the arrows rained down. More than half of the Han soldiers were killed and wounded, and the arrows were almost shot out. Li Guang ordered the soldiers to draw their bows and not to fire. He shot several Xiongnu Bi (deputy) generals with a strong crossbow "rhubarb", and the Xiongnu soldiers were greatly frightened and gradually dispersed. At this time, it was getting late, and the officers and men of the Han Dynasty were all pale with fear, but Li Guang felt at ease and devoted himself more to rectifying the army. From then on, all officers and men in the army admired Li Guang's courage. The next day, he fought with the enemy soldiers again. At this time, Zhang Qian's reinforcements arrived at Bowanghou and solved the siege of Xiongnu. Li Guang's army was almost wiped out, and Li Guang's merits and demerits were offset, and he was not rewarded. Bo Wanghou Zhang Qian delayed his trip and was beheaded. Later, he made atonement with money and became a civilian. Li Guang fought in Xiongnu for more than forty years, but he never got the title of Marquis. At that time, he was Hanzhong Lang's cousin, "Cai Cijia" and "Second Best", which was the eighth in the Han Dynasty history. His fame is far lower than that of Li Guang. When he was Emperor Jing, Cai Li worked hard to get 2000 stones. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo, he was a general, and he did not arrive without pomp and was later named Hou Lean. In the second year of Yuanshou, he took the place of GongSunHong as prime minister, ranking third. Many of Li Guang's men were also named Hou, but Li Guang didn't get a title and his official position didn't exceed nine. Li Guang once talked to Wang Shuo, a fortune teller, and said, "If you attack the Huns, you are not one of them. However, if you are below a captain, you are not as good as a middleman. However, if you attack Hu Jun, you will get dozens of people, but you will not be descendants. But without size, you can't seize the city. " Do I think evil is wrong? Change your life? "

How's it going? Look again.

4. I heard that loyalty will not go unrewarded, and honesty will not be doubted. I used to think so, but it was just empty talk.

Once upon a time, Jing Ke's loyalty to Yan Taizi Dan was so admired that he even moved to see Bai Hong crossing the day, but Taizi Dan didn't trust him. Mr. Wei planned a plan for the state of Qin to use Changping's victory to destroy Zhao. God presented the auspicious situation that Taibai star entered the Pleiades, but Zhao Haoqi of Qin Dynasty doubted him. Sincerity has changed the world, but faithfulness has not been understood by the two masters. Aren't you sad? Courtiers nowadays are loyal and dedicated. They want you to know all their opinions, but people around the king don't understand. As a result, I was questioned by prison officials and suspected by the world.

This is the rebirth of Jing Ke and Mr. Wei, but Yan Taizi Dan and Qin Zhao Wang have not realized it. I hope your majesty will think carefully and think clearly.

Once upon a time, Bian He presented a treasure, and the king of Chu cut off his foot; Reese was loyal and Qin Ershi executed him. Therefore, Ji Zi pretended to be crazy and lived in seclusion because he was afraid of this scourge.

I hope the King can see clearly the true intentions of Bian He and Reese, ignore the partiality of Chu and Qin Ershi, and don't let courtiers laugh at Ji Zi and Jieyu. Detained Bigan was disembowelled, and Wu Zixu was wrapped in a horse skin and thrown into Qiantang River after his death. The detained people didn't believe it at first, but they realized it today.

I hope your majesty will think deeply and have a little compassion. As the saying goes: "Some people get along with each other until they are old or unfamiliar, and some people stop to talk and hit it off at first sight."

Why? The key is to understand. So Fan fled from the State of Qin to the State of Yan and gave his head to Jing Ke to help Taizi Dan's career. The king snake left the State of Qi and went to the State of Wei. In order to save the State of Wei, he committed suicide on the tower and retired the Qi army.

He Fan is not aligned with Qin, but has a long relationship with Yan and Wei. They left the first two countries and died for the last two monarchs because their actions and ambitions were consistent, and they admired loyalty infinitely. Therefore, Su Qin did not gain the trust of all countries in the world, but died for Yan's trustworthiness; Bai Gui fought for Sun Yat-sen and lost six cities in a row. When he arrived in Wei, he captured Sun Yat-sen for Wei.

Why? It is really because of the mutual understanding between the monarch and the minister. When Su Qin was a swallow, someone spoke ill of him in front of the prince. Prince was so angry that he drew his sword and gave Su Qin valuable horse meat.

After Bai Gui captured Zhongshan State, he made outstanding contributions. Someone spoke ill of Wei Wenhou in front of him, so Wei Wenhou gave Bai Gui a shining jewel. Why? Two princes and two ministers, open their hearts to each other and treat each other sincerely, can it be changed by false words! Therefore, whether a woman is beautiful or not, she will be jealous as soon as she enters the palace; Scholars, whether virtuous or not, are excluded as soon as they enter the court.

Sima Xi used to be whipped in Song State, and later he came to Zhongshan State to take photos. In Wei, his ribs were broken and his teeth were broken. Later, he came to the state of Qin, but he was awarded the title of Won Hou. These two people, both confident of their success, abandoned the matter of cliques and relied on single-handed communication, so they will inevitably be envied by others.

So, Shen Tudi drifted into the Yellow River, while Yan Xu jumped into the sea carrying stones. They are out of tune with the secular world, insist on integrity in the court and refuse to change the monarch's mind. So Prissy begged on the road, and Qin Mugong entrusted the national government to him; Qi fed the cows under the car and appointed him to govern the country.

Have these two men always been officials in the imperial court, relying on their cronies to say good things, and then the two monarchs reuse them? Heart to heart, concerted action, is better than glue. Brothers cannot alienate them. Can people's mouths confuse them? Therefore, partial listening will produce evil, and arbitrariness will cause disaster and chaos. Once upon a time, Lu listened to the evil words and drove Confucius away, while Song used natural tricks to check it out.

With the eloquence of Sun Tzu and Mo Zhai, it is inevitable to be slandered by slanderers, while Lu Song is in danger. Why? Everyone's mouth is enough to melt gold, and years of slander have eroded bones.

The State of Qin appointed Rong Hong to dominate the Central Plains, while the State of Qi used Wang Wei, the son of Yue Zang, and Wang Xuanqiang for a while. Are these two countries bound by the world, led by the nose, and influenced by strange and biased false statements? Listening to various opinions and looking at all aspects left a wise example for that time.

Therefore, Hu people and Yue people can also be regarded as brothers, such as Yu Yu and Zi Zang. If you don't agree, even your own flesh and blood can become enemies. , Xiang and Cai Shu are examples. Nowadays, people can really take the position of Chyi Chin, regardless of Song Luzhi's partiality, so it's hard to compare the five tyrants and the three kings.

Therefore, a wise king can realize that he has abandoned his son's loyalty and disliked Tian Chang's talent. Like Zhou Wuwang, he raised Bigan's descendants and restored the tomb of pregnant women destroyed by Zhou Wang, so his achievements spread all over the world. Why? The desire to do good is never enough.

Jin Wengong got close to his former enemies and finally dominated the princes; Qi Huangong appointed his former enemy, thus achieving the hegemony of the whole world. Why? Charity, love and affection are sincere and cannot be replaced by false words.

As for Qin's adoption of Shang Yang's political reform, the East weakened Korea and Wei, and was stronger than the world at once, but Shang Yang was dismembered as a result. The King of Yue adopted the strategy of planting doctors, conquered the powerful State of Wu and dominated the Central Plains, but eventually forced the doctor to commit suicide.

Therefore, Sun Shuai did not regret leaving Chu for three times, and Yu Lingzi Zhong declined the appointment of Sangong to water the vegetable garden. Today's monarch really wants to get rid of his pride, show his heart with sincerity that makes him willing to serve, show his true feelings, be generous, and share joys and sorrows with others forever, so his dog can bark at Yao, and his followers who steal his feet can also ask him to assassinate him, not to mention relying on the power of the monarch and the status of the holy king! So, then Jing Ke destroyed seven families and burned his wife and children. Is it worth telling the king in detail? Courtiers heard that the bright moon beads and luminous jade were secretly thrown at people on the road, and people didn't look at the hilt.

Why? Because I came to the front for no reason. Curved wood and old stumps are strangely bent, but they can become the vessels of the monarch because the people around him whitewashed them first.

Therefore, if you come to the front and don't help, even if you give it to Hou Zhu and He Shibi, you will only be jealous and get no return; Someone said yes first, and the dead branches will make contributions unforgettable. Today.

5. Today I came to the original classical Chinese and translated the original text:

(Liang Ji) went to see the king and said, "Today, when I came, I saw people in big banks and I was driving in the north. I told my minister,' I want Chu.' The minister said,' will the monarch of Chu regard Xi as the north?' Say, "My Ma Liang." Said:' Although the horse is good, this is not the way of Chu.' Said, "I often use it." The minister said,' Although there are many uses, this is not Chu.' Say,' I'm good at guarding others.' The better the number, the farther away from Chu. Today, Wanimal wants to be the overlord, and it wants to believe in the world. Relying on the size of the kingdom and the strong soldiers, we will attack Handan Guangzun, move over the king, and get farther away from the king. Jude to chu, north. "

Translation:

When I came back today, I met a man on the Taihang Mountain who was driving to the north. He told me, "I want to go to the north of Chu." I said, "If you want to go to Chu, why go north?" He said, "My horse is fine." I said, "Although the horse is good, it is not the way of Chu." He said,' I have a lot of travel expenses.' I said, "Even if the toll is high, this is not the direction to go to Chu." He added, "My coachman is good at driving." I finally said, "The better these are, the farther away from Chu!" "Now the king's every move wants to establish a hegemony, and every move wants to gain prestige in the world; However, relying on Wei's strength and excellent army, the more you take the action of attacking Handan to expand your land and make your name noble, the farther away you will undoubtedly be from your career. Is this different from the man who wanted to go to Chu but went to the north?

The above story is now summed up in an idiom: do the opposite.

Driver: The car.

Desire: thinking.

Good: good technology, good at it, good at it.

Driver: Driver.

Middle way: half way. Anti: interchangeable words, the same as "return", return.

Go: Shake off (dust).

Number: frequent.

Purpose: the purpose of funds refers to travel expenses. Expenses, here refers to money and assets.

Pro: Why?

Lifting: moving

Letter: Credit.

Expand (land).

Reputation: enhance reputation.

W: It refers to the establishment of Wang Ye.

Rely on.

Fang: Now.

One: Go.

Xi: Why?

. Coke: wrinkles.

"Shen": a common word, the same as "Shen", extended.

Dahang: Taihang Mountain, at the junction of Hebei and Shanxi today.

Far away from Wang Yuer: "Wang" wàng is king, which means to be the master of the world.

Liang Ji: wei ren.

Jude: For example.

Wei: The title of the country during the Warring States Period. Cities in Xinjiang are in the north of Henan Province and the south of Shanxi Province.

Stretch: stretch, here refers to expanding strength.

Handan: Yin Handan, the capital of Zhao during the Warring States Period, is located in the southwest of Handan County, Hebei Province.

Taihang Mountain, namely Taihang Mountain, is located at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei provinces.

All right.

Wu: Me.

6. Zhou Wei's words were read in classical Chinese. 4. Explanation of the words added in the following sentences? Which one is incorrect? Three points a, there is a thief in the county who hurts people and runs away? Run away? Peace of mind b, be honest? Western cut? Fact c, two defeated soldiers first arrived in Yongzhou city? City? Market d, imperial prestige? Will you bring it up again tomorrow? A compliment? Attack 5. Which of the following sentences? That Zhou Wei's "for the people" group is? Sanfen (1) leads villagers to more than 600 ridges? Will people who hide from the ground be punished? Isn't it for the government's third birthday? How many times do you envy your class? Do you visit Zhaozhou? ⑤ Redefine the land tax? After the school is promoted, the latecomers will be told to disarm and enter? How dare you commit a, 146 b, 256 c, 345 d, 2346? What is the following summary and analysis of the relevant contents of the original text? Which one is incorrect? After seeing Zhou Wei's general plan of governing the country, the emperor asked him to have an interview? And give him a fellow scholar background? As a master of white horse.

After he took office, he cleared the bureaucracy? The emperor praised it? Give him a special promotion. B, whether to curb Fu Yanqing's autocracy? Or a word to Xingzhou? Zhou Wei showed his hatred of evil? Whenever people's interests are harmed? He strictly enforces the law? Keep one side of the people safe.

C. Zhou Wei loves people? When he was a magistrate in Dizhou, he was honest and clean? People benefit greatly from it. When did he leave Dizhou? Local officials and people are kneeling on the ground to block the road and cry? Want to keep this good official.

Although Zhou Wei was implicated in his nephew's illegal buying of horses? But the emperor valued his integrity and talent? When I was preparing to recall and reuse, I heard the news of Zhou Wei's death? And learned that he didn't even have the talent to die. 7. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese.

? 10? (1) Meet in the suburbs of Yanqing? On the horse? Meet at the gate of the museum? Slightly unyielding. (2) Appoint Fu as the temple supervisor? Make trouble and leave qidan? Accused by subordinates? Grab it and smell it.

Reference answer 4, a? Run away? Run away? 5、B？ (1) Zhou Wei is not an official at this time? (3) Does Zhou Wei have any achievements? (4) the emperor's pension for his family? 6、D？ When I was preparing to recall and reuse, I heard the news of Zhou Wei's death. I see the imperial edict has just passed? 7. (1) Fu Yanqing meets in the suburbs? Zhou Wei returned the gift immediately? I didn't officially meet him until I got to the building? No low profile. ? What are the sentence patterns of "Jiao", "Lu" and "Ma Yu"? Two points? (2) Appoint Fu as the temple supervisor? Want to create chaos and flee to Khitan? Informed by subordinates? Zhou Wei arrested him and reported him.

? 1 Do, walk, smell, do, do? 1 min? .

7. Be wise and strong in translating classical Chinese. "I smell the great significance of the world and mix it up.

Uhaanyehe, a Xiongnu, has always been called a northern vassal, but he only supported Khan's rebellion and did not subdue his koo. Moreover, in Xiaxi, he thought that a strong man could not be a minister. Khan in Zhi Zhi is an evil people, and the great evil is forcing heaven.

I prolong my life, and my Tang Jiang is a righteous soldier, taking the ultimate punishment, depending on your majesty's god, combining yin and yang to defeat the enemy and beheading the leader and the famous soldier. It is advisable to hang your head in the barbarian mansion to show that you will be punished far away if you commit Wanli. "-"The Biography of Chen Duan, the Ruler of Fu Chang in Han Dynasty "Translation: I heard that the world's righteousness should be the unity of heaven and earth.

Before Tang Yu and Emperor Yao ruled, now there is a powerful Han. Uhaanyehe, the Huns, has always been a vassal. As a screen in the Northern Han Dynasty, only Zhi Zhiyu is still engaged in rebellious activities and has not yet confessed.

Therefore, the tribes to the west of the Hellenistic city-state Daxia could not be surrendered to them. Zhi Zhi Khan used cruel means against the people, and even God knew his great evil.

Gan Yanshou and Chen Tang, ministers, lead the teachers of justice, and God destroys evil; Relying on Your Majesty's God, using Yin and Yang, and using God's wisdom, he took the lead, conquered the enemy, and killed many people and famous soldiers below Khan. He should hang his head in the barbarian settlement of Yi Street in Chang 'an to warn Wanli: "If you openly offend the Han strong, even if you hide far away, you will be destroyed!" Background Interpretation: At that time, the situation in the Western Regions was complicated.

During the Xuan Di period, the Huns were in civil strife, and five khans competed for the throne. Among them, Zhikhan annexed Hu Mao, Jiankun and Dingling by force and became increasingly powerful. He first imprisoned Jiang Nai, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, and then killed Ji Gu, the envoy. Zhi Zhi Khan knew that he was defeated by the Han Dynasty, and he was afraid that the Han Dynasty would send troops to retaliate, so he went west to Kangju (now the northern border of Xinjiang to Russian-led Central Asia).

King Kangju respected Zhi Zhi and married his daughter to him. Zhi Zhi attacked neighboring Wusun many times, and went deep into Guchi City (the capital of Wusun, southeast of Issyk-Kul Lake in present-day Kyrgyzstan) to kill people, rob livestock and rob property.

Wu Sun didn't dare to strike back, so he fled from a distance, so Zhi Zhi had a sphere of influence thousands of miles away, thought himself the master of a big country, and didn't respect King Kangju very much. He even killed hundreds of people, including his daughter and nobles, and dismembered some bodies and threw them into the water. At the same time, he sent envoys to Hefei, Suzhou, Dawan and other countries, threatening them to pay tribute to him every year.

Those small countries are afraid to give them away. The Han Dynasty also sent messengers to Kangzhou three times to ask for the bodies of Ji Gu and others. Zhi Zhi not only refused to give it to them, but also insulted China's envoy and said sarcastically, "If you are in trouble, I am willing to go back to Hebei and send my son to serve."

(The Biography of Han, Yiwenzhi and Fu Changgan in Chen Duan) Ambassador China recognized his implication and his ambition to replace the emperor, and he was extremely arrogant. Chen Tang and Gan Yanshou learned about Khan's situation and sent troops to the Western Regions in three years (the first 36 years).

Chen Tang is a person who is "brave and has a big picture, has many plans and likes to make great achievements". (The Biography of Han Fu Chang Gan Zheng Chen Duan) Whenever he passed a town, a mountain or a river, he climbed high and looked far, observed it carefully and remembered it vividly.

This time I went to the western regions, there was only one escort army, not an expedition army. When they left the country, Chen Tang said to Gan Yanshou, "Zhi Zhi Khan is a cruel man. He is the leader of the Western Regions. If he continues to develop, it will be a disaster for the western regions.

Now he lives far away, there is no city to hold on to, and there are no soldiers who are good at using strong crossbows. If we gather the troops who are guarding the frontier and then gather the troops from Wusun and other countries to attack Zhi Zhi directly, he will not be able to hold on, and there is nothing to hide. This is a golden opportunity for us to make great achievements! "Gan Yanshou think his analysis is very reasonable, he said wait for the court to agree to play before action. Chen Tang said: "This is a bold plan. Those court officials are ordinary people. Once they discuss it, they will definitely think it is not feasible. "

Gan Yanshou thought that he should go through the invitation formalities, and then he fell ill. Chen Shang waited day after day. In his anxiety, he resolutely took the measure of spreading the imperial edict falsely and mobilized Tian Bing and chariots in the Han Dynasty.

Gan Yanshou was shocked to learn the news from his deathbed. He wants to stop Shang Chen's illegal behavior immediately. Shang Chen grasped the hilt angrily and threatened to prolong his life: "The army has assembled. Do you still want to stop it? What kind of general is it to attack without taking a fighter? " Gan Yanshou had to obey him, led more than 40,000 soldiers from all walks of life and all ethnic groups, stipulated unified orders, organized a team sequence, and went north with great fanfare. Gan Yanshou and Chen Tang split up into six schools, and the third school took South Road, crossed Qingling (west of Karakorum Mountain) and crossed Dawan; The other three factions took the north road and entered Gu Chi. After Wusun and Kangju, Chen Tang captured the relatives and some nobles of Kangju Vice King along the way. After explanation, they were willing to be tour guides and introduced the situation in Zhi Zhi in detail.

Then, the army went straight to the water of Zhi Zhi City, and camped three miles away from the city. I saw colorful flags flying above the city, and hundreds of armored soldiers climbed up the defenders, and some waved to the Han army. After seeing it in the morning, Gan Yanshou ordered the sergeant to surround the city and shoot the soldiers guarding the city with arrows, so they fought.

When Zhi Zhi Khan got the news of the attack of the Han army, he first planned to escape, because he suspected that Kangju people had a grudge against him, and there should be someone in the Han army. But when he heard that Wusun and other countries also sent troops to the war, he felt cornered.

I took some people out and came back, saying, "Hang in there. The Han soldiers are far away and cannot attack for a long time. "

(History of Han Fu Chang Chuan Gan Zheng Chen Duan) When the Han soldiers violently attacked the city, Zhi Zhi Khan wore armor and led dozens of wives and concubines to board the tower together. The wives and concubines also drew bows and shot arrows. The arrow that attacked the city hit several of his wives and concubines and hit him on the nose.

Zhi Zhi got angry and rode back to his palace downstairs. The next day, Shang Chen ordered the soldiers to set fire everywhere and beat drums and cheered. The Han army braved fireworks to break through the outer fence and took the opportunity to rush into Tucheng.

There are only hundreds of men and women and some officials around Khan, and there is no resistance. Han soldiers fought bravely to kill the enemy and stabbed Zhi to death.

Du Xun, the commander-in-chief, beheaded Zhi Zhi Khan, rescued two envoys of the Han Dynasty from prison, and searched the palace for documents and letters brought by the late envoy Ji Gu. Soldiers who entered the city searched for the enemy, so they killed 15 18 sealed wives and princes, and captured 140 officials alive.