Cangyanshan Fuqing Temple

Fuqing Temple, formerly known as Xingshan Temple, is said to be the ancient road field of Guanyin Bodhisattva. In the seventh year of Xiang Fu in the Song Dynasty (A.D. 10 14), Song Zhenzong awarded the "Fuqing Hall". During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the princess was made a compassionate bodhisattva and was twice sealed by the emperor, and the incense reached its peak. Fuqing Temple is resplendent and magnificent. The jade seal pier next to Daxiong Hall is a rare and precious cultural relic in China, with its simple shape and immature expression. The statues of Sakyamuni, Pu Xian and Manjushri in the temple, and the eighteen arhats carved in white marble on both sides are lifelike. The whole temple took advantage of the hidden dangers of the mountain, making it a wonderful temple, ethereal and beautiful, moving silently and integrating with natural labor. One of the most famous is Qiaolou Temple, which is one of the three suspended temples in China. According to research, the stone bridge was built in the Sui Dynasty, slightly earlier than the Anji Bridge in Zhaozhou. It sits west to east and straddles between two cliffs, forming the world wonder of "Bridge Hall Flying Rainbow", which is one of the three wonders of Cangyan Mountain.

The ancient architecture of Fuqing Temple is different from the traditional closed courtyard style with the north-south central axis as the main body, and it is also different from a semi-reclining and semi-suspended mountain temple. Its unique style can be summarized as: drifting between cliffs and flying over streams. That is, using the precipitousness of the mountain to become the mystery of the palace; Tiangong and manpower are integrated, and things are moistened silently, so that the magic and majesty of Buddhism are displayed in front of the world in the image of "celestial world" and are moving and converting. Both the overall layout and the main building have reached a high artistic level.

Fuqing Temple can be divided into upper, middle and lower floors according to its spatial pattern. The lower floors are: Shanmen archway, Shanmen, Bell Tower (no longer exists), Cangshan Academy, Monument House, Theater (existing base site), Wanxiantang, Palace complex (no longer exists) and the 300-level "ladder" in Southwest Valley. The middle floor is Lingguan Hall, Tianwang Hall, Qiaolou Hall, Overpass Bridge (Dashiqiao), Yuanjue Temple (also known as Giant Buddha Hall), Zhongshan Road, Monk's Monastery, Dressing Building, Guandi Temple, Fenghuixuan (also known as the Tibetan Classics Pavilion), Xia Yan Mountain House (also known as the Temple of Hades), Children's Temple, Sage Hall and Mahayana Lotus Pagoda.

main building

Shanmen archway: the wooden archway outside the mountain gate of Fuqing Temple, which consists of the main building and the auxiliary building. The roof is covered with tiles, the main building is supported by four nine-step bucket arches, and the second floor is supported by two four-column five-step bucket arches, fixed by iron hoop stones and surrounded by side legs. Main building plaque

The "Cangyanshan Fuqing Temple" engraved with Li Kuchan was founded in the Qing Dynasty. Cangshan Academy: On the right side of the mountain gate, there is a stone culvert with a house named Cangshan Academy built on it. The house is a small wooden building with three rooms wide and one room deep, with a construction area of 39.70 square meters. Cangshan Academy was founded from Jiajing to Wanli in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty and Republic of China.

Wanxiantang and Palace: Wanxiantang is a courtyard, and the main hall is a cantilever building, with a building area of 67.70 square meters, three rooms wide and one room deep, and seven beams. According to the records on the tablet, it was once a part of the "Palace" complex, which was rebuilt many times from Jiajing to Chongzhen, so Wanxiantang was built at the latest in the late Ming Dynasty. The Palace Buddha Hall, also known as the West Building, no longer exists.

Tianwang Temple: Also known as Xiaoqiaolou Temple, it is located on a small stone bridge in the southwest valley, straddling two cliffs. Single arch bridge with arch pieces placed side by side vertically. Tianwang Hall is a large-scale wooden structure with double eaves and pavilions with yellow-green glazed tiles on the sloping hills. Three rooms are wide and two rooms are deep. Temple top: between the dragons on the main ridge, the four dragons walk in opposite directions. In the middle, there are three lions carrying double-decker lotus pagodas with high wings. There are wild animals on the ridge. Temple body: There are arches on the upper and lower eaves, and there are arches on the upper and lower eaves, the stigma and the corner, but they are different. The lower eaves of the bucket arch are purely decorative temples. The bucket arch is a cross arch, and the arch head is carved with dragons, phoenixes and elephants, which are stacked up and down, which is very strange. The upper eaves are inclined arches. The stigma arch is a five-step double arch, and the head is a piano face. The beam frame consists of five purlins and three pieces. There are corridors in front and back of the main hall, and there are carved dragons and finches between the eaves and columns. There is a small door on the back wall of the left secondary room, where stairs can be placed to go up and down. According to the inscription of "Stone Bridge of Fuqing Temple in Cangyan Mountain" in the second year of Jin Taihe, the bridge and the temple were built in Dading period of Jin Dynasty (1162-1189) at the same time, which has a history of more than 800 years and was repaired in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Qiaolou Temple: East of Tianwang Temple, located at17m. Because the distance between the two cliffs is larger than the small stone bridge, it is 89 meters high and has a large span, which is like the big stone bridge in Zhaozhou. It is an open-shouldered arch bridge with a length of15m and a width of 7.8m.. There are 22 arches juxtaposed vertically. Arch stones vary in size and are made of bluestone. Like the small bridge, six dragon and beast patterns are carved on the arch coupons on both sides, except for the two water-absorbing beasts on the top of the coupons, the one on the west is not in the middle, and the carvings on both sides are asymmetrical, which is obviously repaired later. The water-absorbing animal on the east side has two limbs, which are in harmony with the carvings on both sides. Double silver ingot waist iron is embedded in the arch stone, and every two adjacent arch stones are bonded with white ash. Qiaolou Temple is a big wooden building with nine ridges, with yellow-green glazed tiles and double eaves, pavilions, five rooms wide and three rooms deep, surrounded by cloisters. The building area is135m2. The roof of the temple is basically the same as that of Tianwang Temple. The roof is made of yellow-green glazed tiles, and the wings are higher. On the glass ridge between the two kisses, there are four dragons riding in opposite directions, with a lion tower and two wind birds in the middle; There are people riding phoenix on the four ridges, fighting animals back and forth, hanging lions and horses on the vertical ridges, and having animal heads on the four wings. There are four corner ridges and four surrounding ridges under the eaves. The surrounding ridges are covered with colored glaze flowers, and there are lions on the corner ridges.

There is a bucket arch under the eaves of the temple, which varies from top to bottom. The practice is basically the same as that in Tianwang Temple. There is a bucket arch between the cornice, the stigma and the corner, and an inclined arch between the Ming and the two gables. The bucket arch is a five-step double arch, with a straight arch and two ends cut into arcs. Under the eaves, there are three dragons, phoenix and elephant arches in the bay, two rooms, a short room, a column head and a corner. Between the upper and lower eaves columns, diaphragms and eaves are used, the beam frame is seven beams, and short columns are used between beams. The lower eaves adopt internal and external groove columns, the column base adopts plain composite basin, the internal and external eaves columns are connected by moon beams, and the upper eaves column and the lower eaves column are made into through columns. There are carved birds on the eaves column, dragons and phoenixes in the Ming Dynasty, and a slight diamond shape. There are four pillars at the four corners of the lower eaves, which support the upper eaves and make the four wings of the upper eaves tilt up. Before and after the decoration in the temple, there are six partition fans on the lower eaves, four windows on the secondary partition wall, brick walls on the secondary partition wall, six partition fans on the upper eaves column, and Soviet-style paintings on the rafters and eaves under the eaves. Most of the paintings are characters, opera stories and flowers. There is smallpox in the temple. The practice of smallpox is to build a square grid with vertical and horizontal branches in the space inside the square, and the grid is covered with wooden boards with colorful dragon and phoenix patterns. There are stairs between the two places, so you can go upstairs. Murals on the north and south sides of the main hall are painted with the themes of Tang Priest's disciples explaining sermons, welcoming Muny and learning Buddhist scriptures. The pillars in the hall are all painted in Soviet style, and the word "Jubilee" is written on the top of the gable. 1980, there were three statues of Sakyamuni, Pilu and Pharmacist in the temple, and Guanyin in the mountain hung on the back of Sakyamuni Buddha, surrounded by eighteen arhats.

Today, other parts of Qiaolou Temple are well preserved, only murals and Soviet-style paintings in the house. Due to years of wind and rain erosion, a considerable part of it has been blurred. The sparrow was dismembered. 80% of smallpox cards are incomplete.

It is not known when the Qiaolou Temple and the stone bridge were built. The earliest existing inscription for rebuilding the Cangyanshan Bridge Building (1667) is "I don't know when to build a bridge between two walls" and "I was accidentally burnt to ashes by fire recently". The existing Qiaolou Temple was rebuilt after being burned by fire in the early years of Kangxi.

Overpass: A single arch open-shouldered arch bridge, with a length of 17.60m and a width of 4.40m, is located on the east side of the bridge building and straddles two cliffs. On the arch coupon stone on the east side, there are two water-absorbing beasts with long horns, two lotus flowers and a flag-raising pattern of soldiers, and the words "The Tianqiao of Fuqing Temple in Cangyan Mountain was built in 25 years of the Republic of China" are written. In the past, the guardrail of the overpass was made of blue bricks, and 1989 was replaced by bluestone carved slabs. The east stone is engraved with "flying rainbow keeps pace". On the west side, due to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there are still at least two tickets missing.

Jue Yuan Hall: also known as the Giant Buddha Hall, one of the main halls of Fuqing Temple, is located in the south of Qiaolou Hall, with five rooms in width and three rooms in depth, covering an area of 1.37 square meters, with a yellow-green glazed tile on one eaves, a yellow-green high-relief dragon glazed flower pagoda on the front ridge, and the word "Kangxi" on the front ridge of Luxuotuo Pagoda. Vertical ridges and ridges are grass with flowers inside and grass outside, and Bofeng Mountain flowers are also glass carving components of the dragon flower map, and there are animals on each ridge.

Hall body: the arch of the hall is six stories, with three arches and three hearts. There are 20 corners, open rooms, secondary rooms and supplementary rooms, among which there are two arches in the open room. There are two gold pillars with different diameters in the hall. The beam frame is seven purlins, with flat beams, five beams and seven beams, and the east and west beams in the bay are flat beams and five beams. Hang down your belt and stamp your feet in the light. In front of the temple, there are one-to-one foot square stone carvings and two lions lying on the plate. This carving method is rare in Gu Zhuo and China. There is a luminous wooden sign hanging on the eaves of the temple, which reads "Blessed are the mountains and green trees". According to the inscription, the Jue Yuan Temple was built in Yuan Dynasty and was maintained in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Dressing Building: Built on the cliff on the south side of the middle section of the plank road, it is a two-story building with hard mountain style in Xiao Mu. Laying tiles, three rooms are wide and one is deep, and five beams are not painted. According to the record of "Creating a Dressing Hall" in Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty, there are ten abbots in this mountain, determined to create a plan; So the pigeon's work was completed in autumn and July of the second year of Yongzheng and in spring and March of the seventh year of Yongzheng.

Tibetan Scripture Building: Built on the precipice of Fenghuixuan, it is a two-story Xiao Mu-style building, with five rooms wide and one room deep, covering an area of 5 1.2 square meters, with five beams, glazed tiles on the top, brick walls at the bottom and exposed columns at the top. The abutment is paved with stone strips. It was founded in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty.

Guandi Temple: Built in Fenghuixuan, it is a small wooden building with single eaves and hard mountains. It has three rooms wide and one deep, with a building area of 26 square meters. The five beams are made of brick walls and columns, and they are newly painted. Founded in Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in Qing Dynasty.

Princess Hall: Located between Xifeng Cliffs, facing east in the west, it is a single-eaved, mountain-backed, wooden-backed building with three rooms wide and two rooms deep. The arch under the tile roof and eaves is the same as that of Jue Yuan Hall. Feng Duo was originally hung on a flying head under the eaves (no longer exists). Surrounded by a circle of columns, five beams are placed on the front and rear eaves of the bucket arch, with beams, and there are horns and melon columns between the beams. There are three beams at both ends, with fork hands on the beams, hemp leaves with melon columns, cross corners and purlins, pads under them, stone coupon doors on the front eaves, two vermilion wooden doors pressed, five bluestone coupons for the stone coupon doors, and three dragons embossed on the coupons. There are round windows at the waist of the secondary wall, bright eaves at the back, wooden doorways between columns, and Soviet-style painting on the walls. There was smallpox in the Ming Dynasty, and the practice of smallpox was the same as that of Qiaolou Temple, with no pictures on it.

The murals on the north and south walls of the temple are all 4.65×2.05 meters in frame. The contents of the two murals are fairy tales of the princess, which are roughly divided into eight parts: "etiquette, disaster, haircut, cultivation, manifestation, seal, helping the people and taking a rain trip". According to the inscription, the Princess Hall was built in Jin Dynasty, formerly known as Princess Yang Miao Rongzhen Hall, changed to Rongzhen Hall in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Mahayana Hokkekyo Tower: Located in the south of Princess Hall, the plane of the tower body is hexagonal, and it is a five-story pavilion-like wood-like solid tower with a height of about10m, which consists of a tower foundation, a tower body and a tower brake. The tower seat is 2.26 meters high. It turned out to be Sumitomo, and the brick partially collapsed from the base. During maintenance, Sumitomo was changed into a square seat. The tower is 7 meters high and has five eaves, all of which are made of wood. There are cornices on the archway and squares on the archway. The next circle of each bucket arch is decorated with fish lace, and every corner of the eaves has wooden beams to hang the wind. The first floor of the tower is the tallest, with a coupon-distributing niche on the front and two dragons playing with beads embossed on the lintel. The upper end of the lintel is inlaid with a rectangular bluestone plaque engraved with the inscription of Mahayana Lotus Pagoda. There is a square fake door facing the back facade, and there is a bluestone plaque engraved with the words "Classic Tower Treasure" on the lintel. There are fake windows on the other four sides. Tasha no longer exists today. The date when the tower was built is not recorded, and its style is not earlier than the Jin Dynasty.

Monk's Tomb and Classic Buildings: Located in the approximate village, it no longer exists. According to the local people, in the past, there were many towers and buildings here and nearby, and they were all incomplete. Now it's in the Buddhist scripture collection building in the worse gate, which is where I moved here. The building is 2.7 meters high and consists of twelve gray-blue stone carvings, which were carved from Yuan Wuzong to Dayuan (1380). Among them, the octagonal prism is engraved with 20 characters on the front, Dalagni classics and monks' rankings on the other side, and small and medium-sized octagonal prisms are engraved with Buddha statues.

Stone tablet: There are stone tablets in Fuqing Temple in Cangyan Mountain, all of which belong to the temple tablet. There are more than 0/65 stone tablets/KLOC-,including monuments, almsgiving tablets, poetry tablets, etc. As can be seen from their titles, there are many titles, such as "Poems on You Cangyan, Fuqing Hall, Long Live the Emperor, Long Live the Water, Return to Hometown, Blessing and Pujie". Judging from its contents, there are few memorial halls, accounting for only about 10%, and about 90% of them have more alms tablets. As far as its shape is concerned, there are several kinds of monuments, such as the dragon head monument, the square head monument and the round road monument. Chronologically, the earliest monuments are 2 Lian Song Monuments, 1 1 Lian Jin Monument, 1 Lian Yuan Monument, 10 Lian Ming Monument, 107 Lian Qing Monument and 65438+ Lian Republic Monument.