Appreciation of yu zhang's Painful Works

Therefore, the title of ancient Yuefu tunes, bitterness, is a specific poem name. As a scholar who cares about current politics and is famous for his outspoken advice, Fu Xuan reveals the inequality of male superiority and female inferiority in society at that time through the statement of women's "suffering" in this poem. In this way, this work has a broader social significance.

At the beginning of the poem, the meaning of the question is made clear: "As a woman, it is difficult to be humble." "Bitterness" is a superstitious saying that fortune-telling judges by appearances, and it is considered that people are hard to suffer. However, the poet first pointed out that "being a woman" means "suffering", while men are "born alive", and put forward a thought-provoking question in a comparative way: does a person's fate really depend on his appearance and gender, not on his social status and social ethics? The poet did not answer this question directly, but revealed the correct answer through a series of unfortunate experiences of the heroine.

Before describing women's "meanness" in detail, the poet first described the fate of men with the contrast method of encouraging others to suppress this: "Men are the portals, and they grew up on the ground. Ambition is everywhere, and Wan Li looks at the dust. " The family is in a dominant position in the family economy. Men are in charge, which is determined by the feudal patriarchal clan system. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, the relationship between "fate" and economic status and social consciousness has been hinted. Then, the poet describes the misfortune of women through three stages: birth and growth, marriage and abandonment. The phrase "childless" means that women are unpopular from birth and are discriminated and bound in the process of growing up. These eight sentences, "Tears streaming down her face, adapting to a different place", describe the position of a married woman in her husband's family. Poetry uses a series of metaphors to express the theme: "Suddenly it rains like a cloud", which means that a woman's marriage is like splashing water, which means where you will take your family; "Men and women are like guests" means that women have a humble position in their husband's family and have no warmth at all; "Love contracts are in the clouds, and sunflowers and lotus flowers grow in spring" is a metaphor for the rarity and transience of love when cowherd and weaver girl meet, and for the dependence of women on their husbands when sunflowers and lotus flowers grow in the sun, which shows that the love between husband and wife is neither long nor reliable. The last eight sentences say that women are rejected by their husbands. This part uses four metaphors: water and fire are metaphors of obedience and never compatibility; Form and shadow are intimate metaphors; Hu and Qin are metaphorically alienated; Participation is a metaphor for permanent isolation. "Shadow" and "Hu Qin" are contrast and contrast, while "Hu Qin" and "Chen Shen" are contrast and progress. The use of this series of metaphors accurately and vividly writes the tragic fate of the protagonist in concise language, which enhances the image and appeal of the poem.

The description of women's demeanor and movements in this poem is not deliberately carved or exaggerated, but it can be vivid. For example, the phrase "hide your head and be ashamed to meet people" not only shows a girl's shyness, but also shows strict control. The phrase "bow one's head, plain teeth and red lips" shows the expression of women's submission to humiliation and meekness. The words "bow down without plural" can arouse readers' infinite sympathy for the heroine. Such a good-looking, docile and kind woman, however, was "all evil in one" and was finally abandoned. Why on earth? The poet further reveals that the tragedy is not the woman's own indiscretion, let alone "accumulated resentment", but the unequal social status of men and women and the feudal moral concept that men can abandon women at will. This further points out the essence of "women's misery".

This "bitterness" mainly uses objective statements to express the theme. The author's ideological tendency and emotional color are contained in the sad and moving narrative and description, without direct expression or comment. Comments on Fu Xuan's poetic style have always been inconclusive. For example, Zhong Rong's Shi Pin said that Fu Xuan's poems were "rich and admirable", while Shen Deqian's ancient poetry source said that he was "about longer than Yuefu and shorter than ancient poetry." However, Chen Ling's poem is better than Xing Jian's saying that Fu Xuan is "especially good at antique, borrowing his wine bottle and watering my base." I'm afraid these comments only focus on one aspect of Fu Xuan's poetry. Judging from this poem and other representative works (such as Miscellaneous Poems and Li Jiuqiu), the main features of Fu Xuan's poems are euphemistic sadness and Wen Ya's richness. He is good at archaizing and can integrate ancient poems into Yuefu. Fu Xuan's famous "Miscellaneous Poems" begins with two sentences: "People with aspirations cherish the short days, and those who worry know the long nights." In political life, Fu Xuan is an upright and upright man with lofty ideals. On the other hand, in poetry creation, he is a person who laments and sighs. This is really an interesting phenomenon in the history of China literature.