Songyang Academy, one of the four major academies in China, which celebrities have been produced in Songyang Academy?

Songyang Academy is an ancient institution of higher learning and one of the four major academies in China. The system of Songyang Academy is simple and elegant, with five main buildings on the central axis and complete corridors. Songyang Academy is known as a "specimen" to study the architecture, educational system and Confucian culture of ancient academies in China because of its unique Confucian educational architecture.

Academy is a unique educational institution in China feudal society. It occupies an important and unique position in the history of ancient education in China and has a decisive influence. Songyang Academy is one of the four major academies in China. It is in a leading position academically and plays an important educational role in spreading China traditional culture and cultivating talents.

Historically, Songyang Academy is famous for its Neo-Confucianism, rich cultural heritage and unique cultural relics. Songshan area has been an important area of Confucian activities since ancient times. There are Songyang Academy, Yinggu Academy, Shao Shi Academy, Chengnan Academy and Cungu Academy, among which Songyang Academy is the most prominent. "Beijing is the most clear in the academy, and the stone still remembers the name of the Forbidden City. The sound of the mountain stream is like rain, and the fragrance of chrysanthemum and bamboo is like the new sun. When I first came here, I couldn't say goodbye. China people sometimes succeed in saying goodbye in the shadow of Bai Han. "

Racial division

Songyang Academy used to be a gathering place of Buddhism and Taoism in history, but it is the place where Confucianism has been circulated for the longest time and is the most famous. Songyang Academy was founded in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is called Songyang Temple, which is a place for Buddhist activities. The monks waited for hundreds of people.

The Sui Dynasty changed its name to Songyang Temple and became a place for Taoist activities.

In the first year of Tang Hongdao, when Li Zhiyou visited Songshan Mountain, he named the palace "Fengtian Palace".

The five dynasties and two weeks were changed to Taiyi Academy.

Song Jingyao was named Songyang Academy on 1035, two years ago. It is a place where celebrities teach classics.

In the early Song Dynasty, the world was peaceful and the style of writing prevailed. After the Five Dynasties rebellion, Confucian scholars liked to find a secluded place to give lectures in the mountains. Dengfeng is the place where Yao, Shun and Yu once lived. According to records, 24 people, including Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu, Li Gang and Fan Chunren, gave lectures at Songyang Academy. Sima Guang's masterpiece Zi Tong Zhi Jian, volumes 9 to 2 1, was completed in Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace. Known as the "second trip", Cheng Yi and Hao Cheng have been giving lectures at Songyang College for more than ten years. JD.COM, a famous Confucian scholar, studied in Songyang Academy. After passing the imperial examination, he served as an examiner for nine times. Since then, Songyang Academy has become one of the most influential academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Songyang Academy is one of the birthplaces of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Sima Guang and Fan Zhongyan, founders of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, all gave lectures in Songyang Academy, and some of Sima Guang's representative works "Biography of Children" were also written in Songyang Academy. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the academy was destroyed by soldiers' gunfire. It experienced the reconstruction and construction of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In its heyday, the Academy covered an area of 1750 mu, with hundreds of students and more than 2,000 books, such as The Complete Works of Zhu Xi, Li Xing Jing Yi and Four Books on Japanese Saying. In the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished and schools were established. After 1000 years of college education, I finally finished the imperial examination. However, as a bright pearl in the history of ancient education in China, the Academy will go down in history forever. In the year of Xin Mao, Kangxi, the whole province chose candidates in Kaifeng, and each county could not choose one. Only five candidates were selected in Dengfeng. Gan Long 15 10/day, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty wrote a hymn when he visited Songyang Academy.

Songyang Academy has undergone several generations of expansion and repair. The architectural layout of the academy maintained the style before the Qing Dynasty. There are more than 500 halls and corridors, consisting of five courtyards. There are Pantheon, Pantheon, Sanxian Hall, Lizetang, Library, Taoist Temple, Boyue Building, Wenjing Building, Sanyizhai and other buildings. First, the Pantheon is dedicated to the sages related to the college, followed by the lecture hall, the Pantheon behind the lecture hall, and finally the library. The houses on both sides were originally "Zhu Cheng Temple", study, study, etc. Inscriptions by scholars of past dynasties are embedded in the walls of the gallery in the hospital, and the content and calligraphy have their own characteristics. On the west side of the courtyard, there are some buildings in the teaching examination room of Songyang Academy in Qing Dynasty.

1936 In September, before his 50th birthday, Chiang Kai-shek visited Songshan accompanied by Shang Zhen, Zhang Jingyu and Qian Dajun. When I visited Songyang College, I saw the surrounding mountains and quiet environment, but the nearby Shan Ye was short of water supply. Zhang Jingyu, director of the Construction Department of Henan Province, immediately instructed to drill a well in Songyang Academy, with a depth of 100 m, and named it Jianggong Well. This is the first complete deep well in Songshan.

196 1 year, which was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC).

65438+On February 5, 2006, the ancient buildings of Songshan, including Songyang Academy, were listed in the China World Cultural Heritage Protection List by National Cultural Heritage Administration, becoming the only independent project in Henan Province.

In 2009, the old Songyang Academy was renovated and established as Songyang Academy of Zhengzhou University, making new contributions to the inheritance of Chinese excellent culture.

On March 9, 20 10, Songshan historical complex became the only world cultural heritage application project in China, and was confirmed by the State Council in 20 10. On August 1 day, 2065438, Songyang Academy, as a sub-project of "Dengfeng Tiandi Historical Building", was officially listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.

Main attraction

Datang monument

This is the so-called "Tang Songyang Guanji Shengde Song Shengying North". Tang Tianbao was carved three years ago. The stone tablet is 9.02m high, 2.04m wide and1.05m thick. The stone tablet is magnificent and beautifully carved. The inscription reads 1078. The main content tells the story of Sun Taichong, a Taoist priest from Song Yangguan, who went to Li Longji for nine times to make an alchemy. Li wrote an article at eight o'clock.

Three generals

There used to be three cypress trees in Songyang Academy. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu visited Song Yue and saw cypress trees towering, which were called "General", "Second General" and "Third General".

Common cypress is12m high and 5.4m thick. The body of this tree is inclined, and its crown is very thick. Like a parasol. The second common cypress is18.2m high and12.54m thick. Although it has mottled bark and is very old, it is full of vitality and tall and straight branches. The lower part of the trunk is a hole connecting the north and the south, just like a door. This hole can hold five or six people. Two huge branches bent like wings extend from one side to the other, shaped like an eagle spreading its wings and a golden rooster trying to fly. Every time the mountain wind blows, the branches and leaves vibrate like bells, and you can still hear the sound of silk and bamboo. Three generals were destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty.

The age of General Cedar has always been a mysterious topic. This tree has a history of more than 2000 years since it was sealed. Zhao Puchu, an old teacher, left a hymn of "There is a white boat in Songyang, and the world stretches for three thousand years". According to forestry experts, ordinary cypress trees are primitive cypress trees with a history of 4,500 years. This is the oldest and largest cypress tree in China.

stone carving

The Ming Dynasty stone carving "Dengfeng County Records" of Songyang Academy was carved in the years of Wanli Qiuci. This map describes in detail the distribution of scenic spots and historical sites in Songshan area, as well as the names of mountains, rivers, roads, villages and towns. This is a map of Dengfeng County and a map of Dengfeng cultural relics. Although there are records of places of interest in Dengfeng County, they are all directly described in the form of maps. This is just a stone map of Dengfeng County. This stone map has a clear outline and accurate location. This map shows the whole picture of Dengfeng County and the distribution of cultural relics. The map of stone carvings in Ming Dynasty in Dengfeng County is a precious artistic treasure, and it is also a precious material for studying Dengfeng's geography, cultural relics and history.

College building

Songyang Academy basically maintained the architectural layout of the Qing Dynasty. North-south length 128 meters, east-west width 78 meters, covering an area of 9984 square meters. The central axis building is divided into five courtyards, namely the gate, the first hall, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library from south to north. Both sides of the central axis are connected by matching houses. There are 108 ancient buildings here, most of which are cylindrical tile houses rolled by hard mountains. They are simple and elegant, elegant but not vulgar. They are completely different from many red walls, green tiles, carved beams and painted buildings in the Central Plains, and have strong local architectural characteristics.

Door couplet:

Fourth, but near the center, there is Taihua Hengheng, which, together with Sisai, is called the Arch God.

After nine generations, it is a city, Baoyi is a canyon, and Three Storms are mountains.

Second-hand conscious planting

This tree is19.5m high and 4m thick. Although the trunk is rough and there is a hollow external entity in the middle, the locust tree has a dense crown, shade and new branches. These trees are elegant in appearance, ancient and lasting, and the source of history is not far away. During the Shunzhi period, famous neo-Confucianists Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi planted Sophora japonica trees in Xining, Song Shenzong, and decorated Songyang Academy.

Yuesongyang Temple Monument

Tian Ping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty was built in 535. On one side are 94 Buddha caves, and on the other side is a big Buddha niche, which contains one Buddha, three disciples and two bodhisattvas. The reliefs on the top of the shrine and the side of the memorial tablet are very exquisite, which is the most exquisite stone carving in the Central Plains.

Xingtan

In the early Qing Dynasty, Geng Jie, a famous scholar in the Central Committee, presided over the establishment of Songyang Academy. He gave lectures according to the ancient teachings of Confucius and prospering the Tang Dynasty, taking relocation as an altar. During the lecture, an ancient apricot tree on the altar was introduced to Geng Jie for planting. Today, this stone altar is protected by railings on the platform of Zhouzha to restore its ancient appearance.

Dengfeng county monument

There are more than 70 inscriptions in Songyang Academy from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.

Wanli Dengfeng county magistrate Chen presided over the lettering. The monument is1.05m high, 0.86m wide, 0.2m thick and flat-topped. The map vividly shows the distribution of cultural relics in the eighty districts of Songshan Mountain in Ming Dynasty, and depicts the names of mountains, rivers, roads, townships, towns and four boundaries in Dengfeng County. Although it has a history of more than 400 years, its handwriting and lines are clear. Some people describe it as "looking at this photo can include climbing, lying down and traveling in the mountains."

Dengfeng county annals are engraved with landscape paintings, horizontal lines and bas-reliefs. According to the scientific investigation by the Surveying and Mapping Department, the ratio is1:40,000. It is not only the distribution map of Dengfeng cultural relics in Ming Dynasty, but also the geographical location map.