Ask the expert to introduce Wei Qing.

During the Warring States Period in the 3rd century BC, a nomadic people, the Xiongnu, rose on the grassland in northern China. At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, that is, during the reign of Xiongnu Khan, the old Khan, and the Minister of War Khan (209 BC-BC 128), Xiongnu power reached its peak, ruling the vast area from Daxinganling in the east, Qilian Mountain and Tianshan Mountain in the west, Lake Baikal in the north and Hetao in the south. Xiongnu nobles often harassed the northern frontier of the Central Plains Dynasty in order to plunder property and slaves.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the lack of economic strength and internal instability, from Liu Bang to the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty always adopted a pro-Xiongnu policy and gave Xiongnu a lot of gifts and money every year. However, the pro-marriage policy failed to stop the plunder of Xiongnu nobles, and the production in the northern frontier was often destroyed, and countless Han people were robbed or killed. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, the autocratic centralization was strengthened unprecedentedly, the social economy developed greatly, and the military strength was also strengthened. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to change the pro-Qin policy and launch a large-scale war against Xiongnu in an all-round way. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing are outstanding generals who emerged in this war.

Wei Qing, whose real name is Zhong Qing, was born in Pingyang, Hedong (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi). His mother works as a maid in Princess Pingyang's house. Because her husband's surname is Wei, she is called Wei Wei. Princess Pingyang, formerly known as Princess Yangxin, is the sister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Because she married Hou Caoshou (the great-grandson of Cao Can, a famous minister in the early Han Dynasty), she was also called Princess Pingyang.

Wei Wei has a son and three daughters, namely son Chang Jun, eldest daughter Junru, second daughter's children and three female husbands. After her husband died, she still did housework in Pingyang Houjia, had an affair with Ji Zheng, a county official who worked in Pingyang Houjia, and gave birth to Wei Qing. Wei Qing spent his childhood under the care of his mother. Later, his mother found it difficult to support him, so she sent him to the home of her biological father, Ji Zheng. However, Ji Zheng's wife looked down on Wei Qing, an illegitimate child, and asked him to go to the mountains to herd sheep. The son of the Zheng family, who doesn't regard Wei Qing as his brother and sister, can be harsh at will. Wei Qing lived in such an environment and suffered a lot, which left a deep imprint on the formation of his character. On one occasion, Wei Qing followed others to Ganquan Palace. A prisoner saw him and said, "You are poor now, and you will be a noble person in the future, and the official will be appointed." Wei Qing said with a smile, "As a slave, I just want to avoid being scolded. I am very lucky. How can we talk about meritorious service and honor? "

When Wei Qing grew up, he didn't want to be enslaved by the Zheng family, so he went back to his mother. Princess Pingyang saw that Wei Qing had grown into a handsome man and liked him very much, so she made him her slave rider. Whenever the princess goes out, Wei Qing rides with her. Although there is no official position, it is far from Jia Zheng's scene. Wei Qing was smart and studious, and gradually learned some cultural knowledge and upper-class manners. He resented Zheng's dislike for him, and decided to take Wei as his surname and completely break off relations with Zheng.

In the spring of 139 BC, Wei Qing's sister Wei Zifu was elected to the palace by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Wei Qing was also called to Zhang Jian Palace as a policeman. This is the turning point of Wei Qing's fate.

Wei Zifu got pregnant soon after she entered the palace, which caused the jealousy of Queen Chen. Empress Chen is the daughter of the aunt of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Chen Ajiao, who made him promise that "a golden house hides a charming woman", was made a queen after marrying Emperor Wu, but never gave birth to a son to Emperor Wu. She was worried that once Wei Zifu gave birth to a boy, he would be made a prince, and Wei Zifu would be promoted to be a queen because of his son. This is a great threat to her position. But at present, Wei Zifu was favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Empress Chen dared not harm her, so she pleaded with her mother, Princess Da. Princess royal, the aunt of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, framed Wei Qing in order to vent her anger on her daughter. She made an excuse, arrested Wei Qing and prepared to be executed. Wei Qing's friend Gongsun Ao heard the news when riding a slave, and immediately called several strong men to rescue him, pulling Wei Qing back from the brink of death. On the other hand, Gong Sun 'ao also sent messengers to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty learned about this, he was furious. He simply summoned Wei Qing and appointed him as the supervisor and assistant of Zhang Jian Palace. Soon, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named Wei Zifu as his wife and promoted Wei Qing to be a loyal doctor. It can be said that Wei Qing was influenced by her sister's great light.

In BC 129, the Huns went south again, and the striker pointed to Shanggu (now Huailai County, Hebei Province). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decisively appointed Wei Qing as the general who rode chariots to meet the Huns. From then on, Wei Qing began his military career.

This time, Emperor Wudi sent four attacks. Wei Qing, the general who rode chariots, went straight out of the valley, and Gongsun Ao, the general who rode chariots, sent his troops from (now northeast of Yuxian County, Hebei Province), Gongsun He, the general who rode Qingqi, sent his troops from Yun (now northeast of Togtoh, Inner Mongolia), and Li Guang, the general who rode chariots, sent his troops from Yanmen. The four generals each received ten thousand cavalry. Wei Qing went to war for the first time, but he was brave and good at fighting. He went straight to Longcheng (the place where Xiongnu sacrificed to sweep the ancestors of heaven and earth), beheaded 700 people and won a great victory. The other three roads, two roads failed, all the way failed. Seeing that only Wei Qing won the victory, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very appreciative and sealed Shanhaiguan.

The Han Dynasty's counterattack on Xiongnu made Xiongnu's invasion more rampant. In the autumn of 128 BC, tarquin went south, first attacked western Liaoning, killed the western Liaoning satrap, and defeated the Yuyang satrap Han Anguo, plundering more than 2,000 people. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Li Guang, the flying general feared by Huns, to guard the right Beiping (now southwest of Lingyuan, Liaoning Province). Xiongnu soldiers avoided Li Guang, entered the fortress from Yanmenguan and attacked the northern border county of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing to war, and Li Xi sent troops from Dai Jun to attack the Huns from behind. Wei Qing led 30 thousand cavalry, marched in haste and rushed to the front. Wei Qing himself took the lead, and the men fought bravely for the first place. Thousands of enemies were killed and captured, and the Huns were defeated and fled.

In BC 127, Xiongnu nobles assembled a large number of troops and attacked Shanggu and Yuyang. Liang Wudi decided to avoid reality, and sent Wei Qing to attack the Huns' long-occupied Henan land (Hetao area of the Yellow River). This was the first war between the Western Han Dynasty and Xiongnu.

Wei Qing led 40,000 troops to set out from the clouds, adopted the tactic of "circuitous attack", went west to the rear of Xiongnu army, quickly captured Gaoque (now Hangjinhou Banner in Inner Mongolia), and cut off the connection between Xiongnu Aries King and Loufan Wang Tong Khan Wang Ting. Then, Wei Qing led his troops south and entered Longxi, forming a siege of Aries King and Loufan King. Seeing that the situation was not good, the Xiongnu Aries King and Loufan King led their troops to flee hastily. The Han army captured thousands of enemy troops alive, seized more than one million livestock, and completely controlled the Hetao area. Because of the fertile aquatic plants and dangerous situation in this area, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built Shuofang City (now northwest of Hangjinqi, Inner Mongolia) here, and set up Shuofang County and Wuyuan County, where 100,000 immigrants from the mainland settled, and restored the frontier fortress and fortifications along the river built by Meng Tian in the Qin Dynasty. In this way, tarquin's direct threat to Chang 'an was not only relieved, but also a forward base was established to further counter the Huns. Wei Qing made great contributions and was named Changping Hou, with 3,800 food cities.

Xiongnu nobles were unwilling to defeat Henan and wanted to recapture Shuofang, so they sent troops many times in a few years, but they were all turned back by the Han army. In the spring of 124 BC, Emperor Wu ordered Wei Qing to lead 30,000 cavalry from Gaoque. Su Jian, Li Jue, Gong Sunhe and Cai Li were all restrained by Wei Qing and led troops from the north. Li Xi and Zhang Cigong led the troops from right Beiping. This time, the total strength is more than 100,000. Xiongnu right Wang Xian thought that the Han army was far away and couldn't come for a while, so he let his guard down. Wei Qing led an army to March six or seven hundred li, and surrounded the right camp overnight. At this time, the right wise king was drinking in his tent with his beautiful concubine, and he was already drunk at eight or nine points. Suddenly, the killing outside the tent was deafening and the fire was everywhere. Right Wang Xian panicked, hurriedly helped the beautiful concubine onto the horse, and with hundreds of strong horses, she broke through the tight encirclement and fled to the north. Han Jun rode Guo Cheng, a captain, and led the troops to chase after hundreds of miles, but failed to catch up. However, they captured more than 10,15,000 men and women and millions of livestock. The Han army won a great victory, played a triumphant song and retreated to North Korea.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed when he received the battle report. He sent a special envoy with a seal to worship Wei Qing as a general in the army, sealing 8,700 food cities, and all generals were under his command. Wei Qing's three sons were still in their infancy, and they were also named princes by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Wei Qing was very modest and resolutely declined, saying, "I have the honor to treat the guilty army and rely on your God to make our army win. This is the result of the hard work of the soldiers. Your majesty sealed my food city. My sons are still young and have no merit, but your majesty divided the land and sealed them as Hou. This will not encourage soldiers to fight hard. How dare the three of them accept a reward? " Emperor Wu later raised Gong, Han Shuo, Gong Sunhe, Cai Li, Li Shuo, Zhao Buyu, Gong Nu, Li Ju, Li Xi and Dou Ruyi. People who fought alongside Wei Qing.

After several blows, the Huns were still arrogant. Into the generation, attack Yanmen, plunder Dingxiang (now Inner Mongolia and Linger) and the monk army (now southeast of Suide County, Shaanxi Province). In February 123 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wei Qing to attack the Huns. Gongsun Ao is the middle general, Gongsun He is the left general, Zhao Xin is the former general, Su Jian is the right general, Li Guang is the rear general, and Li Ju is the strong crossbow general. Divided into six armies, under the command of General Wei Qing. They set out from Dingxiang and marched hundreds of miles north, annihilating thousands of Xiongnu troops. In this campaign, Wei Qing's nephew Huo Qubing led 800 elite cavalry to participate in the war for the first time, and achieved brilliant results in body count of more than 2,000 people. After the war, the whole army returned to Dingxiang to rest, and went out again a month later, capturing more than 10 thousand Xiongnu troops. But Su Jian, the right general, and Zhao Xin, the former general, fought an encounter with Xiongnu, and the Han army suffered heavy casualties. Su Jian broke through and fled back. Zhao Xin was originally a Xiongnu capitulator, but later he was defeated and surrendered to Xiongnu.

When discussing how to deal with Su Jian's crime of deserting the army, someone suggested beheading him to establish the majesty of the general. Some people think that Su Jian has done his best and should not be beheaded. Wei Qing believes that as a relative of the country, there is no need to establish majesty; I have the right to execute the ministerial order, but I dare not kill it. He wanted to set an example for those officials who dared not monopolize power, so he sent Su Jian back to Chang 'an and handed it over to the emperor. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pardoned Su Jian's capital crime, and after paying the ransom, he was demoted to a civilian.

In BC 12 1 year, the Second World War of the Western Han Dynasty against the Huns began, under the command of Huo Qubing. As a result, the Han Dynasty completely controlled Hexi area and cut off the connection between Xiongnu and Qiang people.

In order to completely defeat the main force of Xiongnu, Liang Wudi concentrated the financial and material resources of the whole country and prepared to launch the third war against Xiongnu. In the spring of 1 19 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called a meeting of generals to discuss the marching strategy. He said, "On Zhao Xin's advice, the Huns went far north of the desert, thinking that our Han army could not cross the desert, and even if it did, it would not dare to stay long. This time we will launch a powerful offensive to achieve our goal. " So he chose 100,000 lean war horses, with 50,000 elite cavalry each led by General Wei Qing and General Huo Qubing, and made an expedition to Mobei. In order to solve the problem of grain and grass supply, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty mobilized more than 40,000 private horses, and more than 100,000 infantry were responsible for transporting grain and grass, closely following the army.

Originally planned, the expeditionary force went north from Dingxiang, and Huo Qubing led a valiant soldier to deal with Xiongnu Khan. Later, it was learned from the captured Xiongnu soldiers that the Xiongnu branch was far away in the east, so the Han army readjusted its combat sequence. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Huo Qubing to leave Dai Jun in the east and Wei Qing to leave Dingxiang.

Under the command of General Wei Qing, there are many powerful people. Li Guang was a former general, Gong Sunhe was a left general, Zhao Shi was a right general, and Cao Xiang was a post-general. Considering the old age and bad luck of former general Li Guang, Wei Qing did not let him be a pioneer, but merged with the two armies of right general Shi Zhao and outflanked from the right. Wei Qing personally led the left general GongSunHe and later general Cao Xiang to attack from the front, taking the Xiongnu Khan compound.

Zhao Xin suggested to Yi Zhixie Khan: "The Han army doesn't know how powerful it is, but it plans to cross the desert. When there are fewer people and more horses, we can take them alive. " So he ordered all the food and grass to go north again and ambush the elite troops in the northern desert.

Wei Qing's army marched northward 1000 miles, crossed the desert, and met the Xiongnu army ready to go. Undaunted by the crisis, Wei Qing ordered the troops to quickly surround themselves with armored vehicles into a solid position, and then sent 5000 cavalry to attack the enemy lines. The Huns dispatched more than 10,000 cavalry to fight. The two sides fought fiercely together, which was very tragic. At dusk, the wind suddenly blew, the dust rolled, and the sand hit the face. Suddenly it was dark, and the two armies could not tell each other. Wei Qing took the opportunity to send two fresh troops from the left and right wings to Khan's back and surrounded Khan's camp. Yi Zhi-sub Khan was shocked to find that there were so many Han troops, and they were strong and fat, with high morale. Knowing that he couldn't win, he quickly mounted his horse and struggled to break through under the protection of several elite riders. Escape to the northwest.

At this point, the night has fallen, wyndell dichinson soldiers on both sides of the battlefield are still fighting, shouting ShaSheng earth-shattering. Wei Qing learned that one oblique Khan had broken through and fled, and immediately sent light cavalry to pursue him. Xiongnu soldiers did not see Khan, and their morale was in chaos, and they fled for their lives. Wei Qing led an army to advance at night. At dawn. The Han army chased after more than 200 miles, and although no trace of Khan was found, it had killed more than 9000 captured Xiongnu officers and soldiers/KLOC-0. Wei Qing's army marched all the way to the embattled Zhao Xincheng (now west of Ulaanbaatar) to obtain the grain and hay accumulated by the Xiongnu to supplement their salaries. They stayed here for a day, and then burned Zhao Xincheng and the rest of the food. Victory team.

The East Route Army led by Huo Qubing marched more than 2,000 miles to the north and met the left army of Xiongnu. After fierce fighting, 83 generals, including the three kings of Xiongnu, Guo Xiang, Danghu and Dewey, were captured alive, and more than 70,000 Xiongnu people were wiped out. Left defeated and fled.

In this World War I, the Han army defeated the main force of the Xiongnu and greatly weakened the Xiongnu. From then on, the Xiongnu gradually migrated to the northwest, and there was a situation that there was no Wang Ting in the desert south, and the military threat of Xiongnu to the Han Dynasty was basically lifted.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty specially named Wei Qing and Huo Qubing Fu in recognition of their great achievements.

After Wei became famous, there was a song in Beijing that said: There is no joy in having a boy and no resentment in having a girl, but Wei Zifu dominates the world. It means that Wei's dignitaries depend on the Queen of Wei. In fact, in the Han Dynasty, most of the consorts in the left and right dynasties relied on nepotism, while Wei Qing and Huo Qubing worked hard and made great contributions to the country. Because of this, even after Wei Ruyun fell out of favor, their position in the court was not affected at all.

Wei Qing, who was born as a slave, has now become a very expensive man and a general of ministers, and all the officials in the DPRK curry favor with him. At this time, Princess Pingyang was widowed at home and wanted to queue up to choose a husband. Many people say that General Wei Qing is suitable. Princess Pingyang smiled and said, He was my former servant and once my attendant. How can he be my husband Left and right say: the general is not what he used to be. He is now a general, his sister is a queen, and his three sons have been blocked. He was rich and shocked the world. Who deserves you better than him? When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty learned this, he laughed: I married his sister at the beginning, and now he married my sister, which is very interesting. So I immediately agreed to get married. Things have changed, and the servant of that year became the husband of the master. In this way, Wei Qing and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were more loved and trusted. But Wei Qing is modest and kind, respects talents and never oppresses others by force.

Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became more and more kind to Huo Qubing, and Huo Qubing's reputation surpassed that of his uncle Wei Qing. Many old friends who used to run under the general's door turned to Huo Qubing's door. Wei Qing was left out in front of the door, but he didn't think it was human nature. He willingly lived a quiet and peaceful life.

In BC 106, Wei Qing, the general of Fu, passed away. Emperor Wu of Han ordered people to build a tomb similar to Lushan Mountain (a mountain in Xiongnu) for Wei Qing in the east of his tomb to symbolize Wei Qing's great achievements in his life.