What does a witch mean? ? ! ? !

Witch, also called Shiva in ancient times.

Noun interpretation editor

In China, women's occupations are praying for others, divination and so on. With the research of modern science on nature and medicine, the claimed ability of witch doctors is seriously doubted, and witch doctors are considered as feudal superstitious practitioners pretending to be ghosts.

Other meaning and usage

Beitou, one of the place names in Taiwan Province Province, is famous for its hot spring resort. In Pingpu language, it means witch. Old witch is an ironic term, which is used to ridicule unmarried elderly women or widowed elderly women, implying serious discrimination.

Witch classification editor

Witches are women who can communicate with ghosts and gods, use voodoo and astrology, and claim to be possessed by ghosts and gods for a living.

witch

In the village community of primitive society, with the help of the divine power of nature or the power possessed by gods, the professionals who pray for people to exorcise evil spirits and treat diseases are usually older women, similar to Japanese witches. A woman who uses western astrology or mysticism to predict good or bad luck, pray for good luck and cast spells. Witch, also called Shiva in ancient times. In China, women's occupations are praying for others, divination and so on. With the research of modern science on nature and medicine, the claimed ability of witch doctors is questioned, and witch doctors are considered as feudal superstitious practitioners who pretend to be possessed by ghosts and gods. Broadly speaking, it refers to women who use magic, chanting and witchcraft. More common in western fairy tales, mostly in the image of an old woman with a hooked nose. She looks extremely ugly in a black cloak. She likes to mumble. She cooked lizards, bats, spiders, poisonous snakes and other ingredients in a large pot to make thick soup. This impression is generally believed to have been stereotyped in the history of witch hunting. The priestess in charge of jumping in the northeast shamanism. Witch Doctors Among the ethnic minorities in southwest China, there are witch doctors who have the ability to treat diseases, such as Jin Ya of Zhuang nationality, commonly known as forbidden women. Witch.

6 Witchcraft History Editor

In ancient times, due to ignorance and worship of natural forces, a culture of performing various rituals on souls and gods developed.

Common methods are

Divination, spells and poisons In the five elements and gossip theory of China culture, men belong to Yang and women belong to Yin, and only negative people can communicate with the soul, so witches and mediums are all women (negative). Song Yu's Ode to the Gaotang: "Once upon a time, the king tried to swim in the Gaotang, slept in the daytime, and dreamed of a woman, saying: My wife is a guest of the Gaotang, and I heard that you traveled in the Gaotang, and I would like to recommend pillows. Wang Yinxing. When he left, he said, "My concubine is under the Wushan sun, blocked by high hills, facing the clouds at dusk, facing the rain at dusk, facing the sun at dusk, and under the balcony. "Wang Guowei talked about witches in the State of Chu in the History of Song and Yuan Dynasties:" As for bathing in Lanmufang, I was dressed in fine clothes, enjoying leisure, singing and dancing. Riding the wind and carrying clouds, the words of new knowledge are born, meaning debauchery. If it is, it is the duty of the spirit, or it is like a god, or it is fun to dance ... "

7 Witch Trial Editor

Before the Middle Ages, women were always respected in Germanic traditional cultural areas, especially those who were engaged in pharmacy and medical practice and could read and write. With the development of Christianity in Germanic areas in the early Middle Ages, the church believed that according to Christian teachings, women should be absolutely subordinate to men. The church belittles and vilifies women, fabricates witch images, persecutes women, and even burns so-called "witches" alive.

1484, two priests, Henrich and Yecobb, wrote "malleus maleficarum", which listed many methods of identifying witches in detail and launched a massive "European witch trial".

Witch trials in the Middle Ages had a very dark side, and most of the "witches" who were executed were innocent women. A priest came to this conclusion after interrogating hundreds of witches. In A.D. 163 1 year, he wrote, "If the defendant leads an immoral life, it certainly proves that she is in contact with the devil; And if she is pious and dignified, then she is obviously pretending to use her piety to divert people's doubts about her demon society and attending the witch meeting at night. If she appears scared during the trial, then she is obviously guilty and her conscience betrayed her. If she believes that she is innocent and stays calm, then she is undoubtedly guilty: witches are used to lying shamelessly. If she pleads guilty to the charges against her, it will prove that she is guilty; If she is afraid, desperate, depressed and silent because of the terrible false accusation, it is already direct evidence of her guilt. If an unfortunate woman rolls her eyes in pain, it means that she is looking for her devil with her eyes; And if her eyes are dull and motionless, it means that she has seen her own devil and is looking at him. If she finds that she has the strength to endure torture, it means that the devil has supported her, so she must be tortured more severely; If she can't stand it and dies under punishment, it means that the devil let her die to show that she won't confess and reveal secrets. " In other words, no matter what the person on trial does or how he reacts, he will be judged as a witch and executed.

In the name of witch hunting, about100000 people were executed in three centuries, most of them were women, especially in Europe during the Reformation.

8 Punishment Editor

There were special "witch hunters" in the Middle Ages. As the name implies, they make a living by looking for witches and giving them to the court for rewards. How these bad criminal laws work.

Forced hunger strike

Around 670 AD, the Archbishop of Canterbury punished the witch by starving her to death. He would say to the witch, "You can only eat bread and drink water for seven years."

deportation

Around 860 AD, King Ethel Reid decided to expel all witches in the country-witches made him extremely angry. But less than a hundred years later, the king of Ethiopia decided to kill all the witches. It seems that this person really can't stand witches. ...

death by hanging

1563, a new law stipulates that witches in England and Scotland must die. Witches in England were hanged and witches in Scotland were burned to death.

For example, in 1566, Agnes waterhouse committed treason and was hanged in Chelmsford. What about his crime? The judge said, "Because you killed someone who annoyed you with your cat named Satan. So you're guilty. Satan also destroyed local livestock, stained neighbors' butter, killed neighbors' geese, and killed your husband. I declare that you will be hanged by a rope. "

submerge

Around 990 AD, King Olaf Trieger Watson of Norway ordered the wizards to be tied up and thrown to an island with only stones. They drowned at the high tide.

Neck and hand flail

John Birkin is a fortune teller in London. 1390 was arrested. His crime is to tell others' fortune. Birkin was handcuffed for an hour, then spent two weeks in prison, and then the old law-expulsion.

Wear a high hat

1467, William Berger of South Yorkshire was arrested for seeking answers from a crystal ball. He said the crystal ball could tell him the name of the thief. Therefore, Berger was forced to wear a tall hat, which said that he was a fortune teller.

Be beheaded

1540, people ask each other: "How long can the fat king Henry VIII live?"

Lord Hungerford tried to predict with witchcraft. He was caught and his punishment was beheading. He was not hanged because he was a Lord.

Be stoned to death

The Bible was the first to mention punishing witches. In Leviticus 20: 27, it says, "Wizards and witches deserve to die. People must stone them to death and then pour evil blood on them. "

Ordinary people can join them, but they must use pebbles, because prisoners die slowly and painfully.

Burn sb.

In some countries, such as Scotland, witches are burned to death. Usually they will be stung first, so that it will not hurt too much if they burn slowly in the fire.

Especially cruel torturers will tie prisoners with wet wood because the fire will burn slowly.

During the period of 1590- 1680, there were at least four or more large-scale witch hunting incidents that frightened the Scottish people. 1597 In Aberdeen, 23 women and 1 man were strangled and burned to death. The rest committed suicide in prison because they were too afraid of such death.

chisel

In 4 15 AD, Hipatia, a wise woman in Alexandria, was accused of being a witch. A group of Christians attacked her. They chiseled her to death with broken porcelain pieces. This punishment was invented by the Roman monarch Constantine.