The relationship between modern architecture and traditional architecture is about 2000 words.

On the Relationship between the Protection of Traditional Architecture and the Development of Modern Architecture

Every famous historical and cultural city has its own traditional architectural style and historical buildings. These architectural styles and historical buildings are the representative symbols of this city, the carrier of its ancient civilization, and the symbol that distinguishes this city from other cities.

Traditional architecture and its ecological environment are the rest of urban history and culture, leaving the imprint of urban life for generations. It melts in the blood of people in this city, just like everyone's blood is full of the blood of their predecessors. People's feelings for mulberries and memories of their hometown are linked with the traditional architectural environment of their hometown. No one wants to come to his hometown. There are strangers everywhere, no familiar people and no familiar houses. The history of the city is of course in books, and it is also in the historical context and ecological environment of the formation of traditional architecture. Traditional architecture and its ecological environment are directly related to the image of the city. For people outside this city, the impression left by this city is mainly formed by its architecture and its ecological environment. The historical and cultural connotation of this city is not only in books, but also in the overall impression of traditional architecture and bullish environment.

Each city's traditional architecture has its own unique personality, which is an ecological form. Protect the essence of urban traditional architecture and its corresponding ecological environment. This city is a complete life system since ancient times. This city is rich in historical and cultural connotation, personality and human touch, and it is an ideal "human settlement environment"; People in this city have a sense of belonging and pride. When the city looks like a clone, the cultural ecology of the city has been completely destroyed, and the traditional context of the city can no longer be reproduced. What this city has created is only a cultural desert. It makes the citizens lose their spiritual home and cannot take root in this city with peace of mind; It makes people outside this city lose interest in this city.

In the development of human society, architecture and culture are inseparable. Architecture, with its unique artistic form, shows the cultural level of human beings in various historical stages, as well as their ideals, pursuits and longings for the future. It can be said that architecture has become a material means for human beings to conquer nature and an important part of human civilization.

Our psychological pain

China's ancient architecture is unique, and it is a pearl in the world architectural art treasure house. It is very different from western architecture. It uses bold colors, thick, colorful and resplendent, just like Chinese Peking Opera facial makeup. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, it has formed its own characteristics, with a strict system of color and decoration, and has formed stage characteristics of different times and distinct grades. China's ancient buildings formed a complete system in the Song Dynasty, but in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were even different from the West, daring to use a lot of gold, and judging the level of buildings by the amount of gold.

However, since the reform and opening up, the world seems to suddenly become more colorful. Various architectural concepts, architectural schools and architectural styles have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, which is dizzying. Riding the east wind of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of construction industry, modern office buildings, commercial centers and residential quarters full of "western temperament" have sprung up like mushrooms after rain in large, medium and small cities. Although there are many successful and excellent works, the existing problems are obvious to all. For example, in the construction of a large commercial pedestrian street in an ancient section of a famous historical and cultural city, because Party A unilaterally pursues modernization, it ignores the local regional history and culture, cuts off the urban context, and sews it on a complete and intriguing artwork like an uncoordinated "patch"; It is reported that the ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty were destroyed on a construction site under a huge pusher. No matter what, north and south, modern architectural styles are the same, which always makes people feel deja vu; Blind pursuit of western architectural style, European style can be seen everywhere, Spanish style and French classical style are filled with high-end residential quarters everywhere ... These phenomena can not but make people think deeply. In the 2 1 century, how should we treat the traditional culture and modern architectural thoughts in contemporary China architecture?

There is a saying in Beijing Siheyuan, "Once the Siheyuan is lost in a large area, Beijing will lose the texture and blood of the city and the rich flavor handed down for hundreds of years, and become a second-rate city without soul." It is said that the hutongs in old Beijing have now disappeared by 80%. The German illustrated magazine Star said in a report: "Beijing is known as one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and it is almost no different from other Asian cities such as Bangkok and Jakarta. The eight-lane roundabout, office buildings and restaurants with glass exterior walls have changed the whole city. " "In the past decades, thousands of old houses in villages, towns and big cities in China have been razed to the ground, followed by unique historical buildings and many exhibits of ancient architecture, culture and lifestyle." The article said, "This country is losing its past" and "every city in China looks the same now". This remark sounds harsh and painful, but it hits the nail on the head, which is thought-provoking and alarming.

Ma Bingjian, director of the Beijing Institute of Ancient Architecture Design and a famous expert on ancient architecture, believes that there are two main reasons for the sameness of modern architecture in China and the loss of national style and regional characteristics: one is the sequela of the left-leaning trend of thought during the Cultural Revolution, and the other is the mistakes in education. An important sin of the "unprecedented catastrophe" that happened in the 1960s was to deny the traditional culture of China for thousands of years and totally deny the traditional art, painting, architecture, sculpture and their cultural connotations. Many ancient cultural relics and buildings were destroyed, and traditional architectural creation was also regarded as the restoration of feudalism. The architectural creation policy of "national form, socialist content" established in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China was denied, which led to the loss of clear guiding direction of architectural creation during the Cultural Revolution and beyond.

When the door opened, western culture surged in, and China people's national consciousness and culture became pale and powerless, which showed that western culture leapt to the leading position in urban development and architectural creation, while national culture and regional culture were pushed to the secondary position or even disappeared, leading to a serious westernization tendency in architectural style and urban style.

Director Ma then hit the nail on the head and pointed out another crux of the "tragedy": educational mistakes. It has been more than 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The teaching materials taught by China Architecture Institute are all foreign architectures, and there are few China architectures. Only a few universities tell a little about the architectural history of China. The students trained by this kind of educational content know little about China's historical culture and architectural heritage, so that the excellent architectural culture of China, which lasted for thousands of years, is almost cut off in the hands of our generation. The talents in the protection and restoration of ancient buildings are far behind the needs of practice, and there is a talent gap from design to construction, which urgently needs the attention of relevant government departments.

Development trend of modern architecture

With the rapid development of real estate and modern science and technology, how to create living space and environment for human beings puts forward higher requirements for the design and construction of modern residential buildings. In addition, with the acceleration of world economic integration, the unique construction mode and development experience of different countries and regions will certainly broaden people's horizons, increase their knowledge and further accelerate the pace of real estate science and technology. So what will the future architecture look like? What will happen to our living environment in the future? Let's discuss the development trend of modern architecture.

We live in a diversified world, and different countries and regions have different customs and habits. The building where we live is one of the most important foundations. Although our architectural features are different at this stage, I think the development trend of modern architecture is the same-intelligent, green, low-carbon and energy-saving.

Intelligent building

Building intelligence, from the technical point of view, has developed into building automation control, which has been widely used at present, and is a technology to ensure the normal operation of all equipment in modern buildings. Intelligent building first solves the problems of safety and equipment management. Safety issues mainly include safety and fire prevention. Through the videophone and fingerprint identification system in the computer control center, the identity of visitors can be identified and confirmed, and malicious visitors can be prevented from entering the building or community. A timely fire alarm system can not only alarm the fire, but also inform the fire department at the first time and start the automatic control equipment to deal with it accordingly. Equipment management includes two aspects: first, the requirements of residents for equipment; The second is the property manager's requirements for equipment.

The requirements of intelligent residence for building materials and decorative materials are ingenious, practical, reasonable, artistic and decorative. Kitchen facilities should be serialized and three-dimensional, make full use of space, increase the storage of goods, and reduce oil smoke and noise more skillfully; The traditional "lying" bath equipment needs to be "standing", the heavy pool in the kitchen should be refined, and the bathtub that takes up too much space will be replaced by a bath room with heat preservation, water saving and small area; Wardrobes, bookshelves, tables and chairs are three-dimensional, with large reserves, making full use of space.

Intelligent residence requires safety. Starting from the possible hazards in residential buildings, we should build a safe environment, incorporate safety prevention technology and management issues into design standards, and ensure home safety to the greatest extent. Many areas in China have begun to adopt modern high technology, such as multimedia security prevention and comprehensive disaster reduction property management system, which is combined with residential and building safety design to ensure the automation and intelligence level of building safety system.

Green environmental protection building

The concept of green building is put forward to adapt to the current theme of "sustainable development". The resources on the earth are limited, and the consumption of human beings is too great, so human beings have to face the situation that resources are even scarcer. How to save resources and leave enough living space for future generations, architects have two considerations: first, building materials; Second, the house itself consumes less energy. From the trend of green building, it is generally believed that non-toxic, harmless and pollution-free building materials and decoration materials will be the hot spots of market consumption, among which the requirements for interior decoration materials are higher and the concept of green is stronger. The specific requirements are: green wall materials, such as grass wallpaper, silk wall covering and so on; Green floor materials, such as environmental protection carpet, healthy floor, etc. ; Green board, such as environmental protection gypsum board, will not be deformed and polluted after being soaked in hot and cold water for 48 hours; Green lighting, through scientific design, forms a new lighting environment; Green furniture should be natural and simple, keep the original wood grain color and avoid paint pollution.

Now, the whole world has set off an upsurge of green buildings. China also attaches great importance to the development and construction of eco-friendly buildings. For example, Shanghai Institute of Building Research is stepping up the construction of the first ecological office building in China. It makes full use of renewable energy such as solar energy and geothermal energy, installs solar hot water system and solar air conditioner, collects rainwater for reuse, and adopts energy-saving and consumption-reducing technology in all directions. The comprehensive energy consumption is a quarter of that of ordinary buildings, the utilization rate of renewable energy accounts for 20% of building energy consumption, the indoor environment is of high quality, and the utilization rate of renewable building materials resources is 60%. With the rapid development of modernization and the continuous optimization of our building environment, I believe our life will become more and more beautiful.

3. The relationship between the protection of traditional architecture and the development of modern architecture

The contradictory and unified relationship between traditional culture and modern architectural trend of thought

Generally speaking, traditional culture is a characteristic social factor handed down from generation to generation, such as custom, morality, thought, style, art and system. Modernity refers not only to the present era, but to all the factors that this era should have. Both of them are embodied in architecture, which should refer to the corresponding technology in ancient and modern times and the ideological field that affects technology. Traditional culture and modernity are a pair of dialectical and unified contradictions in architecture. It should be said that there is no modernity without traditional culture. There is neither modernity nor traditional culture. They set each other off. The key problem lies in how to meet people's spiritual needs for traditional culture in ethnic areas today when modern material enjoyment is required; While protecting traditional cultural architectural style and traditional cultural lifestyle, how to make people living in it enjoy modern superior living conditions at the same time, and how to perfectly embody this contradiction and unity in our design practice are really important issues that should be seriously studied and discussed by the architectural circles in China today.

It is undeniable that traditional culture is facing all-round modernization challenges. While people are keen on building a "global village", traditional culture is slowly disappearing from us. Under the hostage of globalization, more and more people of insight began to call for the return of national spirit.

The Interleaving of Traditional Culture and Modernity in Contemporary China Architecture

The interweaving of traditional culture and modernity in contemporary China architecture is manifested in many aspects. This paper focuses on the relationship between architecture and environment, and how to deal with the relationship between traditional culture and modernity in the design of single building.

In the process of urban modernization, a particularly easy problem is how to maintain traditional cultural buildings in the modern environment, that is, how to deal with the relationship with the surrounding modern buildings. According to the recent regulations of UNESCO, the declared world cultural heritage should set up a protection buffer zone to reduce the collision between traditional buildings and modern buildings. Once the buffer zone is determined, the existing buildings in the zone should also be strictly protected to maintain the traditional cultural features. If a modern building is built in a buffer zone, its height, volume, color and style will also be strictly controlled. For low-grade protective buildings, green belts can be used instead of buffer belts, which can also reduce collisions and get twice the result with half the effort. In order to protect the ancient town as a whole, it is also necessary to set up a buffer zone with the surrounding modern cities. The existing large-scale farmland or water system can be used for the transition between modern cities and ancient towns, and serve as the green lung between cities.

How does modern architecture stand in the traditional cultural environment

We often encounter buildings or buildings with modern functions in the traditional cultural areas of historical and cultural cities. This is indeed a very difficult problem, but it is also a very attractive and exciting topic for architects. It is completely different from the idealized environment of Beijing Xiangshan Hotel. At this time, we should not exclude modernization, but pay more attention to the influence and infiltration of region, traditional culture, culture and folk customs on architecture while designing modern architecture. This is just like the Taiji diagram in the Book of Changes, which contains the characteristics of centripetal, mutual tolerance and mutual negation. How to embody the essence of traditional culture architecture in modern architecture and how to make people experience the comfort brought by modernization in the spiritual enjoyment of traditional culture will be the main problems that architects should consider. How to base modern architecture on traditional cultural environment, we have a clear guiding ideology, which can be achieved through a series of means. For example, through similarities and similarities in architectural forms; Coordination of architectural color, volume and materials; Extracting architectural symbols; Sometimes we can even use the method of complete contrast to achieve a certain effect, so that modern architecture can be based on the traditional cultural environment.

Four. Traditional Architecture Protection and Modern Architecture Design

Generally speaking, according to its historical, artistic and scientific value, traditional buildings can be defined as: ① national key cultural relics protection units; (2) provincial cultural relics protection units; (3) city and county cultural relics protection units. With regard to the protection of these traditional cultural buildings, national departments at all levels have formulated a large number of laws and regulations, so that our protection work has laws to follow. But in fact, architects are really faced with a large number of existing traditional buildings that have not been given protection units by governments at all levels, but have extremely high protection value. For example, at present, when China is carrying out unprecedented modernization, it will inevitably touch on how to solve the problem of mutual integration with traditional folk houses, as well as the protection and regeneration of traditional folk houses themselves, which have aroused extensive concern and in-depth thinking of China scholars.

For these massive protected buildings, we should consider their sustainable development, that is, how to give them new life. According to the specific actual situation, some protected buildings can be functionally transformed; Some can update the internal equipment and improve the living environment of users, which not only embodies the historical and humanistic value of traditional cultural buildings, but also embodies its practical significance, giving traditional cultural buildings stronger vitality. Especially for a large number of traditional houses, on the one hand, we should protect their unique historical, regional and cultural features, protect traditional architectural forms and lifestyles, on the other hand, we should intensify efforts to update their internal modern facilities, improve the living environment and enhance the vitality of traditional buildings.

How to embody traditional culture and modern culture in the single design of modern architecture, should we consider giving an explanation to traditional culture? First of all, it depends on the location of modern buildings. If it is in a new city or a lot with less historical context, the expression of traditional cultural elements in modern architecture is not necessarily the first problem to be solved. Pudong is a new urban area developed in Shanghai in recent years. The buildings here are full of modern architectural styles. But if we can show the unique temperament of China architecture, it will make it have a deeper meaning. For example, the Jinmao Tower, located next to the Oriental Pearl, is praised by many people, not only because it has beautiful, modern and extraordinary temperament, but also because it can make people vaguely feel the charm of China traditional cultural buildings.

It should be said that the classical architecture in China is very real, its architectural skin and structural form are completely unified, and even the architectural decoration part we admire actually has certain practical value, which is very different from western architecture. There are many connotative things in China's classical architecture that we need to explore and experience, and show its charm through some means, instead of deliberately pursuing it. It should be a natural expression, giving people a feeling that heavy makeup is always appropriate. We emphasize that we can't completely deny traditional culture, but we can't cling to traditional culture and stand still. We should protect the things of traditional culture and think about how to create things with our own characteristics on this basis. We can't blindly pursue western things, but should use them for us. China's is China's. Why should we be the same? However, how to express the national spirit is a problem worthy of serious consideration by every architect.

Enlightenment from verb (abbreviation of verb)

Urban architecture and its ecological environment bear the heavy responsibility of shaping urban image, transmitting historical context, enhancing citizens' spirit and stimulating economic development. Urban image is based on its cultural personality. The cultural personality of a city is not artificially created, but formed in a long history. The more personality a city has, the more valuable it is.

The fundamental purpose of protecting traditional buildings and ecological environment is to improve urban environment, enhance urban image and promote urban economic development. While creating a good urban environment for citizens, a good urban environment also creates high-quality citizens and a good social atmosphere. The historical context is fully reflected, the city's personality image is established, tourists are naturally in an endless stream, tourism is naturally prosperous, and financial resources are naturally rolling in. Economic benefits come from a good city image. Therefore, we must always put protection and social benefits in the first place to achieve the best combination of social and economic benefits.

The ancient architecture in China reflects the cultural connotation and profound philosophical thoughts of the past dynasties, while the contemporary architecture usually reflects a sign of the rapid development of the times. Today, the wheel of history has entered 2 1 century. With the acceleration of China's construction pace, the enhancement of comprehensive strength, the rise of rural modernization and the gradual expansion and improvement of the transportation network, various large, medium and small towns are also under planning and construction. In this new period of development, we should strive to find a creative way that combines China traditional culture with modern architecture. First of all, we should set up special protection zones for ancient buildings with typical and complete architectural styles, and repair, strengthen and protect them. Secondly, when planning and building a modern architectural system, we should fully understand the local environment, climate, nationality, customs and habits, and the characteristics of ancient buildings. Find the connotation of traditional culture, get the inspiration and theme of creation, and build a traditional, national and modern building, so as to realize the harmonious unity between architecture and traditional culture!