What is gene sequencing? What are the applications?

Gene sequencing is a new gene detection technology, which can analyze and determine the whole gene sequence from blood or saliva, predict the possibility of suffering from various diseases, and the behavior characteristics and behaviors of individuals are reasonable. Gene sequencing technology can lock individual pathological genes and prevent and treat diseases in advance. Gene sequencing related products and technologies have developed from laboratory research to clinical use. It can be said that gene sequencing technology is the next technology to change the world.

What's the use of genetic testing? First, know if you have a genetic disease-causing gene. People who have a family history of cancer or polygenic genetic diseases are the subjects who need genetic testing most, so as to find and prevent them early and avoid or delay the possibility of diseases. Second, choose drugs correctly to avoid unnecessary drug waste and adverse drug reactions. Because of individual genetic differences, different people will have different reactions to foreign substances (such as drugs), so some patients may have drug allergies, redness and rashes when using normal doses of drugs, or some people will feel miraculous when taking the same drugs, while some people will not only be ineffective but also have side effects. Gene detection is helpful to understand the gene composition and predict the possible drug reactions by measuring the genes related to drug reactions. Third, provide the best basis for health risk management. At present, many bad environmental factors, such as air (PM2.5), water pollution, pesticide pollution, and bad living habits, such as smoking and drinking, will induce gene mutation and produce diseases. Genetic testing can understand the tendency of different diseases, make comprehensive life adjustment or intervention, reduce risks and delay the occurrence of diseases. For example, if you find that your lungs are easily affected by genes through genetic testing, then you should go to places with dirty air less, do less strenuous exercise, and regularly maintain and test your lungs; If you are prone to liver disease, you should drink less, be optimistic and get angry less, and take measures to avoid contact with the source of liver disease infection. Fourth, diagnose diseases through gene detection and detect mutant genes that cause hereditary diseases. At present, the most widely used basis is the detection of neonatal hereditary diseases, the diagnosis of hereditary diseases and the auxiliary diagnosis of some common diseases.

As a basic technology in the field of life science, genetic testing can be applied to many industries such as agricultural breeding, forensic identification, food safety, medical and health care. Among them, the application scenarios in the medical and health field can be roughly divided into three categories: scientific research level, clinical level and consumer level.

Research-level applications are aimed at scientific research institutions, universities and pharmaceutical companies as basic research and drug research and development.

Clinical applications are aimed at pregnant women and patients, such as reproductive health (non-invasive prenatal screening, preimplantation embryo gene detection, neonatal genetic metabolism detection), genetic disease screening, tumor diagnosis and treatment (early screening, molecular typing, medication guidance, prognosis detection) and so on.

With the continuous progress of sequencing technology, the cost of sequencing has been gradually reduced, and gene testing has been applied in the field of public health.

Gene chip is the mainstream of consumer gene testing products in recent years. Gene chip, also known as DNA microarray, integrates a large number of probes with known sequences on the same substrate (such as glass slides and membranes), hybridizes several labeled target nucleotide sequences with probes at specific sites on the chip, and analyzes biological genetic information by detecting hybridization signals.

The cost of gene chip technology is relatively low, but it can only detect some loci of known genes, which means that relevant information cannot be obtained when new genes join the research in the future. In addition, its false positive rate is high, and its accuracy needs to be improved.

WES whole exon sequencing technology has recently been applied to the field of public health gene detection. Total exon sequencing refers to the technology of sequencing and analyzing the exons of all genes. The whole exon is a gene sequence that can be expressed in human genome sequence and translated into protein, which can directly exert various physiological functions in human body. Mutations of gene loci on many exons will directly affect the structure and modification of protein, thus affecting the function of protein and triggering a series of physiological phenomena or diseases.

The first advantage of WES technology lies in its comprehensiveness. On the basis of current research, there are many things that can be interpreted. Compared with chip detection, in addition to detecting known gene loci, new mutations can be found. Applying WES technology to consumer-grade genetic testing will greatly improve the quality of consumer-grade genetic testing products. CircleDNA round gene is WES technology, which can provide consumers with 500 reports, far exceeding the content of gene testing reports based on chip technology.

The second advantage of WES technology is dynamic and lifelong, which means that the content of 500 reports is not the end point. Based on the report provided by the known data research, while the unknown data will be retained for life, there will be more interpretations with the development of scientific research. This is also beyond the reach of chip technology that cannot detect all exons.

So what impact does consumer-grade genetic testing have on our public health population?

Consumer-grade genetic testing is aimed at public health consumers, which can help people better understand themselves and guide healthy life, such as reasonable diet, scientific exercise, personalized guidance on safe medication, targeted skin management and disease prevention.

Gene sequencing is a new gene detection technology, which can analyze and determine the whole gene sequence from blood or saliva, predict the possibility of suffering from various diseases, and the behavior characteristics and behaviors of individuals are reasonable. At present, the most advanced gene sequencing technology in the world is whole genome sequencing, which can sequence all genetic information carried by an organism, including base pair sequencing of all known genes and unknown functional regions on nuclear chromosomes, as well as base pair sequencing of organelle genomes. It is the most comprehensive method to analyze the genome, and life information can be obtained from the complete genetic code. Whole-gene sequencing can provide a high-resolution and accurate base-by-base view of the genome, and can capture genetic variation genes to the greatest extent, thus achieving the purpose of one-time sequencing and lifelong interpretation.

Theoretically, knowing the sequence can determine the gene of this person, so as to know the phenotypic characteristics of this person, or what diseases he is prone to, what diseases he may get in the future, and what diseases he will inherit to his children in the future.

But at present, the whole genome of an individual is useless, because we know too little about the sequence information in the genome, such as SNP-related diseases and polygenic genetic diseases. Whole genome sequencing in scientific research can provide us with a database to analyze related characteristics.

1. Explain what a gene is first.

People are composed of cells, most of which have nuclei, and the nuclei contain a large number of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA double strands, and DNA strands are composed of deoxynucleotides, which are composed of bases, phosphoric acid and nitrogenous bases. A base sequence with genetic function on DNA, which is a gene.

2. Explain gene sequencing

The gene sequence was detected by chemical sequencing, Sanger sequencing and other scientific methods. genetic sequence

App application

Gene sequencing, originally a laboratory research technology, is expensive because of the "celebrity effect" applied in high-end physical examination, prenatal diagnosis and other fields. The most well-known gene sequencing is that Angelina Jolie, a movie star, chose to have her breast removed by genetic testing to reduce the risk of breast cancer. 20 1 1 Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, who died, also received the whole gene sequencing when he was suffering from cancer.

Judging the probability of getting sick according to the gene sequence. Prenatal screening for Down syndrome

I'm in the gene sequencing industry. Let me talk about it. Gene sequencing technology is developing continuously. To put it simply, it is a technology to detect the base sequence of DNA in organisms by optical and current chip methods. There are four bases in DNA, A, T, C and G, and the sequences are varied, which has created a variety of creatures in the world.

Gene sequencing can be widely used in both the exploration and treatment of human diseases and the prevention of genetic diseases. Plant diseases, plant transformation, new variety transformation and microbial improvement all need to know the gene sequence, and then make corresponding changes to achieve it.

This is also detected by blood and saliva. I know Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province is doing well. It seems that a software called gta belongs to them. Who has this link? Send it.

Western medicine, it's useless

The magical country, all thanks to lotus warming, opposes modern science, and sheepskin books won the world thousands of years ago.

Gene sequencing is the process of determining the base pair sequence of nuclear genes of species by sequencer.

Human nuclear gene consists of four bases, ATGC, which can be arranged in different sequences and form a double helix with another complementary sequence.

The gene sequence contains all the genetic information of the human body, and everyone's is different, which can be used to detect diseases, paternity test, police forensics and so on.