The Historical Evolution of Gushan Town

Gushan is an ancient military town. Because it is located in the border and has a special natural environment, it has always been a battleground for military strategists. For thousands of years, wars have been going on, going through Cang Sang, rising and falling, and I don't know how many times it has been destroyed and repaired. I don't know how many times it has been prosperous and brilliant, and I don't know how many times it has been miserable and desolate.

Gushan Town is located on the Gushan River, 40 miles northwest of Fugu County. Xia, Shang and Zhou belong to Baizhai, Qin, Han, Xihe County, Wei and Jin belong to Lian Daxia, Northern Wei and Northern Zhou, Sui belongs to Shengzhou, and Tang belongs to Linzhou. The Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China belong to Fugu County.

Gushan Town was called Zhetangguan in the Tang and Five Dynasties, and Bai Sheng Village was the first and later an isolated thatched cottage in the Song Dynasty. In the second year of next year (1437), Gushan Castle was set up in Jungou Village, west of Gushan Town. In the second year of Chenghua (1466), he moved to the foot of Daijia City, Gushan, and in the eleventh year of Chenghua, he moved to Gushan City. In the Qing dynasty, it was called Gushanbao, and in the Republic of China, it was renamed Tianping Town.

There is no way to prove when there are villages and towns in Gushan, except that since Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some officials and people in the Central Plains committed crimes and fled here without being asked. In order to survive, people who fled here built villages along the Sichuan River. From some scattered historical materials, such as stone carvings, inscriptions, sites and legends, we can know that the ancient mountain river has been a very important passage from northwest China to Hedong since ancient times. Isolated mountains and rivers were called Cui Yun River in Qin and Han Dynasties and Zhejiang Shuichuan in Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, Gushan River was called a small river near the entrance of the Yellow River. In ancient times, due to the steep terrain, Gushan became a natural barrier to defend Fuzhou and Hedong, so it was also a battleground for various military groups. If you can't keep the isolated mountain, you can't keep the mansion, the mansion and Hedong.

When Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, built the Great Wall in Wan Li, he stationed troops in Gushan and built the "Haotian Palace". In 628, the second year of Tang Zhenguan, the general said that he was lost, and then made a wish in Haotian Palace. After the demise of the East Turkistan, in the eighth year of Zhenguan (635), Zhang said that the governor repaired Haotian Palace and Zhetangguan. He was also appointed as the commander of Zhehua Fugu Town, which made great achievements in East Turkistan, and also guarded Tang Zheguan.

In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhe Silun and his son, descendants of philosophers, took part in suppressing the Huang Chao Uprising. During the reign of Tang Xizong, Zhezong was originally the governor of five towns along the Yangtze River, and Zhesilun was the secretariat of Linzhou. From then on, until the end of the Five Dynasties, Zhe Silun, his son Zhe Cong Ruan and his grandson Zhe Deyi successively maintained and expanded Paitangguan for decades. By the last week, Zhetangguan had become a border town with thousands of soldiers and civilians. After 948 A.D., the Han Dynasty was established in Fuzhou, and was appointed as an envoy from Ruan, while his son was appointed as an envoy from Deyi. In order to strengthen the defense ability, more than ten stockades have been built around Zhetangguan. And cast an iron tower on the stone embankment on the top of Seiryuji opposite Long Mai Town and Jushan.

In the second year of Jing Shou, Song Renzong (1035), Bai Sheng village was repaired and strengthened. During Zheng He's period, the ancient city of Bianguan (previously unknown) was built in the southwest of Lonely Cottage 15 miles. In the Northern Song Dynasty, many people fought in Gushan River, especially Xinchengchuan (Qingmeilang), Shaliangchuan, Xixia and Liaoguo for more than 30 times. In A.D. 1042, Wang Yuanhao of Xixia led hundreds of thousands of troops to attack Linzhou and personally led 65,438+10,000 troops to attack Fuzhou. Due to the difficulties in Zhonghe Village, Bai Sheng Village and Sandaowan, we made a detour through Shaliang, Miaogoumen and Papaya, and invaded Fuzhou from Houhe River. After the fall of Bai Sheng Village, nearly 100 soldiers retreated into the mountains and forests, disturbed the enemy every night and set fire to some food and grass in Hao Yuan Tun, Zheshuichuan. Hao Yuan was short of food and grass and arrived in Fuzhou for seven days and seven nights. The city was not occupied, but was shot and wounded by the garrison commander and fled in defeat.

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 129), Jiuzhai of the three countries of Lin, Fu and Feng could be led to the State of Jin, and Guzhai was returned to the State of Jin. 1 142, Xixia invaded Fuzhou, and many buildings and military facilities in isolated mountain villages were destroyed. Two ancestral graves in Jiadong and Xiyutou were broken, the ground buildings were burned, and the underground was dug to raise bones.

After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia and the State of Jin fought dozens of battles in Gushanchuan, Shaliangchuan, Xinchengchuan, Muguachuan and Sandaowan in 150 years. Gushan belongs to the state of Jin and Xixia. Legend has it that the signs hanging on the doors of ordinary people are written on the state of Jin and Xixia at the same time. Jin army to levy, into the state of Jin, Xixia army to levy, into Xixia.

In the Ming Dynasty, Gushan became the first male pass on Yansui East Road. In the second year of orthodoxy (1437), Gushanbao was established. At this time, Gu Lin may have been abandoned and the county was moved to Shenmu County today. Shenmu is twelve miles from Fugu, and Gushan is the tenth, so it is also called Shiliguan (homophonic with the ancient folding pond pass). In the third year of Chenghua (1467), thousands of Tatar soldiers attacked Gushan, so they plundered the young men, women and property of Gushan. Tang Yun, the general of Gushan, knew that he was defeated, but in order to save the plundered people, he led 100 soldiers to chase after the enemy in desperation, and chased him to the mouth of the Great Wall at dark to engage with the enemy. At this time, the night is deep, flying sand and stones, and the performance is like Hong Zhong. The sergeant shouted in unison, and the enemy was unprepared. I wonder how many enemies have come. At that time, the battle was chaotic, and the young men and women who were taken away took the opportunity to escape into two valleys. Ji Yun led the sergeant in several rounds on the enemy's defence. Although he killed hundreds of enemies, he was outnumbered and had to enter the post office. The enemy attacked through encirclement, mixed with swords and guns, and the tragic sound continued. At dawn the next day, the Tatars retreated and the post office was brightly lit and silent. There are hundreds of bodies in the hospital. A general stood in front of the house with a big knife in his hand, his eyes wide open and his eyebrows cold, and he was martyred. As soon as people entered the post office, they saw a poem written in blood on the wall: "I don't know how to kill two gills with a long sword." A military horse treads on his head like powder, a crow pecks at his bones like firewood, makes friends and cries, but his brother and nephew are merciless. Blood-stained wandering souls have not returned, and ghosts have built homesick platforms. " The people of Gushan donated coffins to bury all the fallen soldiers. Ji Yun's coffin was placed in the Sasan Temple in Gushan, where people paid homage. Three years later, it was transported back to Hangzhou for burial.

In the early years of Chenghua, Aru people (a branch of Mongolia) invaded Gushan twice, both of which were defeated by Wang Xi, the guerrilla general of Gushan. In the seventh year of Chenghua, Tatar attacked Gushan again, and Yu Zijun, governor of Yansui, led the garrison commander Zhu Yong and Xu Ning to repel the enemy. After that, the Tatars invaded Gushan three times, all of which were defeated by Xu Ning, the commander-in-chief, who defended Fugu and prevented the Tatars from moving eastward and southward. In the tenth year of Chenghua (1474), Gushan was designated as one of the 36 castles along the Great Wall. During Qin Long's reign, the East Association moved to Gushanbao, sent a deputy governor to guard it, built a yamen (later called the ancient yamen) in Gushan City, and moved the tower to Tawan opposite Gaojiawan in the west of Gushan River, and built 36 Dazhai, 36 Xiaozhai and 72 beacon towers along the Gushan River. By the early years of Wanli, the number of troops stationed in Gushan reached 2,600, several times that of the local people. At this time, the Ming dynasty generals painted the court, and Gushan City was in ruins, requiring the court to repair it. So the Ming government sent Tu to supervise the project and rebuilt Gushan City in the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607). The rebuilt Gushan City is half the size of the original Gushan Fort City, and extends the wall of the original Fort City to the south. The shape of this city is like a sole, which inclines from northeast to southwest. It is about 200 feet long from northeast to southwest, 50 feet wide from northwest to southeast, and its circumference is about 5 10 feet. The city wall is three feet thick and three feet high, all made of masonry. The bottom of the city wall consists of 1 ft 2 inches wide, 8 inches thick and 6 feet long granite boulders, with 5 floors in total. Then, the wall was built with a width of 7 inches and a length of 1 foot 2 inches. At the top is a 6-foot-high battlements with observation holes and arrows. There are four doors in the city, one urn at the south gate and one urn at the north gate, and a double tower at the top; Simon has no urn, but a tower; The east gate is a small doorway, 4 feet wide and 7 feet high. There are more than 30 steps outside the doorway leading to the gate. The city gates are all 6-inch thick elm gates inlaid with iron sheets. There are outposts in all four corners of the city. Outside the south gate, there is a stone road 50 feet long and 3 feet wide, which rises to the front bend of the river through two archways. People from east to west can only go in and out through the south gate and the west gate. There is a canal more than 20 feet deep under the west city, a cliff more than 20 feet deep under the south city and a steep slope more than 30 feet deep under the east city. So this city is easy to defend but difficult to attack. After the restoration of Gushan City, a tourist, Yang Yiqing, wrote a poem: "The green hills are clustered and the pavilions are hidden, which makes people feel sad when they are temporarily boarded. The west wind draws a lonely city, the setting sun is sunny, and Wan Li is autumn. " The military took off its saddle and stopped fighting, and farmers used coupons to buy scalpers. Looking back on the day when the border town was not built, do you feel this way? "This shows the importance of Guancheng.

Tomorrow will be 6 years (162 1 year). On the fourth day of April, there was an earthquake. The mountain wall of Gushan collapsed 36 feet, the south wall collapsed 9 feet and buried 2 feet 7 feet. In the thirty-third year of Qing Qianlong, Zheng Zhongzhong, a magistrate of a county, was completely restored. The south city wall collapsed 12 feet in the late Qing dynasty and was restored in the early Republic of China. At the beginning of liberation, Gushan Town was basically intact, but with the construction of government agencies and local people building houses, by the end of the Cultural Revolution, all the bricks and stones on the city walls had been dug up, and now the earth tires on the city walls are also incomplete. There is a poem written by later generations: "Three thousand troops and horses have worked hard for several years, and bloody Han people cast a city. Unfilial descendants are greedy for small profits, and the ancient city of the Millennium instantly fell. "

During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the flood washed away Longquan Mountain in the west of Gushan, and the river flowed directly. From then on, passers-by no longer have to pass through the south gate and the west gate, just along the washed valley. A small street about 200 meters long was built in the middle of the vacated old river bend, and dozens of workshops, enterprises and houses were built on both sides of the street. In order to facilitate local economic exchanges, the county government decided to get together on Wednesdays and Sundays every month, which has not changed for hundreds of years. During the Cultural Revolution, in order to restrict business activities, all towns and villages in the county unified to meet every Saturday.

Because the new river channel is not wide, it can't flow out in case of catastrophic flood, so Gushan Street has experienced twenty-two years of Qianlong (1757), twenty years of Jiaqing (1825), Guangxu 65438 +09 (1893), 65438+and so on since it was built in Kangxi period. During the Daoguang period, Commander Gushan moved the tower to the mountainside of Longquan Mountain opposite Gushan City. During the Cultural Revolution, it was destroyed in the name of breaking capitalism.