What are the artistic features of Yangju Opera?

On the one hand, the performing arts of Yangju inherit the local folk song and dance traditions of Yangzhou, such as random bombs and flower drums, incense sticks, yangko, acrobatics, dragon lanterns, unicorn singing and boating on the lake, on the other hand, they draw nourishment from the popular Yiyang Opera, Kunqu Opera and Huizhou Opera in Yangzhou.

The music of Yangju Opera belongs to antithetical couplets. As far as its charm of combining rigidity with softness is concerned, it mainly includes the lightness and delicacy of the tunes of ancient paintings and operas, the masculinity and ruggedness of fragrant operas, the significance and freshness of folk songs and the changeable emotions of Qingqu.

There are a lot of aria tunes in Yangju, including Yangzhou Qingqu, Yangzhou Huagu, Yangzhou Xiang and so on 100. Among them, Yangzhou Qingqu occupies a dominant position, such as "Manjianghong", "Dressing Table", "Cutting Indigo Flowers" and "Leading Cattle Silk", all of which are the main tunes of Yangju.

The tune of Yangzhou Flower Drum is produced in drama and dance performances, with clear musical rhythm, suitable for portraying comedy characters, and cheerful, lively and humorous style. After it developed into a kind of drama, its representative tunes, such as [planting wheat] in Husband and Wife, [grinding bean curd] in Wang's grinding bean curd, and [fortune-telling] in fortune telling for the blind, became an important part of Yangju music.

Yangzhou incense is accompanied by gongs and drums, not silk stringed instruments. The main tunes are [seven-character singing], [cross singing], [wind palace paddling], [driving mountains and blocking the sea] and [Lord Liu], all of which are rough, powerful and high-pitched.

In addition, Yangju also absorbed and transformed some tunes from folk songs and other operas, such as "Playing Tooth Cards", "Ten Cups of Wine", "Yangliuqing" and "Wucheng Tune". This has become an integral part of Yangju music.

After long-term stage practice, the musical tunes from the above sources have gradually formed a unified, harmonious and complete musical system. The common tunes of modern yangju opera are dressing table, rolling board, counting board, filling altar, crying Xiao Lang, cutting indigo flowers, breaking bridges and visiting relatives.

The name of Qu's work (Qu) is composed of

There are four ways to use Qupai in modern Yangju music:

1, sing one more song The same qupai, through the appropriate changes in rhythm and melody, shows a variety of feelings.

Yangzhou drama

2. Qupai combination. The divertimento format of Yangzhou Qingqu is adopted, and according to the needs of the plot, qupai with similar tonality is regularly combined, which is mostly used for long narrative and lyric of characters.

3. Pick a sentence to connect. According to the needs of the lyrics, some phrases of Qupai are extracted to form a new aria. Better reflect the meaning of words and make the combination of words and songs more appropriate.

4. Variants of old songs. Renovating the original qupai.

Yang opera accompaniment instruments are divided into literary field and martial field. The venue is dominated by high-pitched erhu, supplemented by alto erhu or Hu Si, supplemented by pipa, dulcimer, sanxian, Qin Yue, bamboo flute and suona. There are drums, gongs, cymbals, drums and gongs in Wuyang. The rhyme of Yangju Opera is mainly percussion music such as gongs and drums, and many gongs and drums are classic and the music played is similar to that of Beijing Opera. In addition, the playing music of Yangzhou Qingqu has also been absorbed and utilized.

Although the roles of Yangju Opera are different, it is still divided into male and female vocals. The performing arts of various operas are mostly absorbed from Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera, but they always maintain the simple and lively characteristics and life atmosphere of ancient paintings and operas, especially clowns. In the performance of modern drama, some means of drama are also used for reference, but the traditional comedy characteristics are still unchanged.

Cosplay

Although Yang Opera is a local opera, it has complete roles, life, beauty, purity and ugliness.

In the period when ancient paintings and incense dramas were in parallel, ancient paintings and ugliness dominated, while incense dramas were reborn. Ugliness has always occupied a dominant position in ancient Chinese opera. At that time, most ancient paintings and operas were staged in the square. At the opening ceremony, Xiao Dan was led by the ugly guy and ran onto the stage to attract the audience. In the play, he constantly quarreled with the ugly guy. During the Weiyang Opera period, there were still "three small" characteristics. We learned the role branches, martial arts skills, costumes, facial makeup and so on from Beijing Opera. At this point, the performing art system of Yangju opera has basically taken shape, with ugliness, Dan and life as the main industries in life, Dan, Jing and Ugliness.

Ugly performing arts are colorful and prominent, including ugly performances and ugly performances; There are Wu Chou who is mainly dynamic, and Wen Chou who is mainly static. Wen Chou is very handsome, while Wu Chou plays a role with high martial arts, agility, alertness and humorous language, focusing on jumping, vigorous movements, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and singing while doing. Ugly people with different identities also have their own characteristics in performing actions.

The performing arts of Danxing not only inherit and develop the traditional performing arts of ancient paintings and operas and the performing skills of other operas, but also absorb the characteristics of Yangzhou oratorio. For example, The Story of Red Rock, Wang Yueying Watching Lights, Grandma Joe Scolding Cats, etc. They are all dramas with few characters and few movements, and they are all based on long singing.

Dan: Xiao Dan, Zheng Dan, Cai Dan, Lao Dan and Wu Dan.

The innocent and lively Zeng girl in Fortune-telling, the lady in the boudoir in Chen Ying Selling Water, and the witty and strong Ju Xiang in Life and Hate Story are all young women's roles. The voices of these characters are gentle and moving, graceful and dexterous, and some of them are dedicated to their work.

Zheng Dan plays a good wife, a good mother, a virtuous woman, a noble lady and so on. Middle-aged women are simple and delicate, such as Wang Baochuan in The Legend of Red Rock and The Broken Bridge White Snake.

Cai Dan is divided into two branches. One is to play a funny or treacherous woman, which is also an ugly behavior. Make-up and performance require exaggeration, heavy makeup and bright makeup, as well as abnormal behaviors, such as Wang Po killing his sister-in-law. The other is an outspoken, kind and cheerful woman. For example, Wang in "San Sou Dian" is quick-talking, pretending to be handsome, emphasizing reading white characters, expressing her character in Yangzhou dialect through crisp white characters, and singing less.

Lao Dan plays the role of an elderly woman, emphasizing singing skills, demanding vigor and strength, but not losing femininity, such as the Queen Mother of the Destroyer.

Wu Dan plays a woman with strong martial arts. There are also two branches, one is Wu Dan, who is fierce and good at fighting, such as Bai Niangzi and Xiaoqing in Shang Jinshan and Yang Qiniang in Centenarians. The other team is the Beijing Opera Blues, which strikes hard and wins with bearing expression. Such as Mu Guiying and Fan Lihua. Both of them emphasize singing, and their singing is strong and straight, with softness and rigidity.

Performing arts mainly originated from incense plays. Incense drama is a polytheistic drama in the early stage, and also shows historical themes and legendary stories in the later stage, with more kinds of dramas. This tradition makes the horn have its own characteristics.

Students: divided into junior students, old students and martial arts students.

Xiao Sheng plays young people and teenagers, mainly in literature, and can play various roles. For example, Mei Liangyu, a poor scholar in Two Plums, and Xu Xian, a small businessman in The Legend of the White Snake. The singing is simple and soft, and the movements are elegant and elegant. Besides, there are children.

Old students mainly play men over middle age, and are generally upright and resolute. Middle-aged people generally wear green mouths, while the elderly wear white mouths, such as Li Tingzhi in Yangzhou, a game-writing protocol; Ji Qin 'an and Qin Xianglian, bookkeepers and Prime Minister Wang Yanling in Yimin Book; and Yang Bailao in White-haired Girl, a modern drama. The duet is white in rhyme, some of them use Yangzhou Mandarin, and the singing is soft. The old man's singing has old characteristics, and the performance is solemn and profound.

Wu Sheng plays a young man who is good at martial arts, emphasizing both martial arts and singing skills. For example, Song Wu of Song Wu killed his sister-in-law.

Besides, Jingxing also plays heroes, such as Bao Zheng in Qin Xianglian, the broken Empress Dowager Cixi and Bao Gong's remorse. Yang opera is mostly performed by young and old, with straightforward lines, rich style, big movements and momentum.

The performances of various characters are mostly absorbed from Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera, but they always maintain the simple and lively characteristics of ancient paintings and operas, with a strong flavor of life, such as stumbling, bumping shoulders, riding a horse, carrying a backpack, drumming a magpie to climb plum blossoms, Yue Bai the Jade Rabbit, dragging some water and riding a donkey.

On May 20th, 2006, Yang Opera was selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Singing tune

There are more than 100 kinds of yangju singing tunes, and there are more than 20 kinds of commonly used tunes. Among them, the original works belong to ancient painting plays, and most of them are based on the title of the play, such as "Visiting relatives" and "Filling the altar". Qupai from "Yangzhou Qingqu" includes dressing table, manjianghong, cut indigo flower, silver ox silk and so on. At the same time, it also adapted seven words and sentences that have not been used for many years into new songs. Although there are differences in the foot color of Yangju opera, it is still sung by men and women. The performing arts of all walks of life are mostly absorbed from Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera, but they always maintain the simple and lively characteristics and life flavor of ancient paintings and operas, especially ugly feet. There are more than 300 traditional plays, most of which are legendary dramas staged on the screen. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the more influential repertoires arranged, adapted and created include The Story of Red Rock, Going to the Jinshan Mountain, Life and Death Hate, and Hundred Years Old (which have been made into movies), and the modern plays include Seizing India and Riptide of Huangpu River. Famous actors are Jin Yungui, Shi, Hua and Gu.

Yangju is one of the Han operas that originated in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province and grew up in Shanghai. On the basis of ancient "Flower Drum Opera" and "Incense Opera", it developed by absorbing Yangzhou Qingqu and folk songs. Originally known as "Weiyang Wenxi Opera", it was called "Weiyang Opera" in the mid-1930s. After the founding of New China, it was renamed Yangju, which was mainly popular in parts of central Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui.